Phytochemicals and antimicrobial analysis of selected medicinal plants from Brunei Darussalam
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Abstract. Awang-Jamil Z, Aminuddin MF, Zaidi BQ, Basri AM, Ahmad N, Taha H. 2021. Phytochemicals and antimicrobial analysis of selected medicinal plants from Brunei Darussalam. Biodiversitas 22: 601-606. Medicinal plants have been widely used but their pharmacological properties are yet to be fully explored. This study was aimed to determine the phytochemicals and their antimicrobial activity of four selected medicinal plants: Melastoma malabathricum, Merremia borneensis, Pandanus amaryllifolius, and Senna alata from Brunei Darussalam. Phytochemical constituents were evaluated by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antimicrobial screening was carried out using agar well diffusion method. A number of phytochemicals were identified in the plant extracts, of which the following compounds were present in higher amounts (>10 %): coumaran, hentriacontane, hexatriacontane, 3-hydroxy benzyl alcohol, ?-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, catechol, squalene, and ?-tocopherol-?-D-mannoside. A concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity was observed in some extracts against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results of this study showed medicinal potential of the four selected plants.
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References
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Basri AM, Taha H, Ahmad N. 2017. A review on the pharmacological activities and phytochemicals of Alpinia officinarum (Galangal) extracts derived from bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation. Pharmacogn Rev 11 (21): 43-56. DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_55_16
Burdge GC. 2006. Metabolism of ?-linolenic acid in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 75 (3): 161-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.05.013
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Diris MN, Basri AM, Metali F, Ahmad N, Taha H. 2017. Phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of Melastoma malabathricum and Melastoma beccarianum leaf crude extracts. Res J Phytochem 11 (1): 35-41. DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2017.35.41
Eshwarappa RSB, Iyer RS, Subbaramaiah SR, Richard SA, Dhananjaya BL. 2014. Antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaf gall extracts. Bioimpacts 4 (2): 101-107. DOI: 10.5681/bi.2014.018
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Rajashekar Y, Raghavendra A, Bakthavatsalam N. 2014. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by biofumigant (coumaran) from leaves of Lantana camara in stored grain and household insect pests. BioMed Res Int 2014: 187019. DOI: 10.1155/2014/187019
Rigotti A. 2007. Absorption, transport, and tissue delivery of vitamin E. Mol Aspects Med 28 (5-6): 423-436. DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.01.002
Takahashi C, Kikuchi N, Katou N, Miki T, Yanagida F, Umeda M. 1995. Possible anti?tumour?promoting activity of components in Japanese soybean fermented food, Natto: effect on gap junctional intercellular communication. Carcinogenesis 16 (3): 471–476. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/16.3.471
Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2018. Medicinal plants of UBD Botanical Research Centre. Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam.
Yakop F, Hamid MHSA, Ahmad N, Majid MA, Pillai MK, Taha H. 2020. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts and fractions of Dillenia suffruticosa leaves. Malays Appl Biol 49 (1): 121-130.
Yassa N, Masoomi F, Rohani Rankouhi SE, Hadjiakhoondi A. 2009. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extract and essential oil of Rosa damascena from Iran, Population of Guilan. DARU J Pharm Sci 17 (3): 175-180.
Aminuddin MF, Basri AM, Taha H, Abidin AM, Ahmad N. 2016. Antimicrobial activities of soaps containing Senna alata leaf extract. Scientia Bruneiana 15: 44-47. DOI: 10.46537/scibru.v15i0.18
Awang-Jamil Z, Basri AM, Ahmad N, Taha H. 2019. Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Aidia borneensis leaf extracts. J Appl Biol Biotechnol 7 (4): 92-97. DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2019.70515
Basri AM, Taha H, Ahmad N. 2017. A review on the pharmacological activities and phytochemicals of Alpinia officinarum (Galangal) extracts derived from bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation. Pharmacogn Rev 11 (21): 43-56. DOI: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_55_16
Burdge GC. 2006. Metabolism of ?-linolenic acid in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 75 (3): 161-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.05.013
Department of Agriculture. 2000. Medicinal plants of Brunei Darussalam. Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
Diris MN, Basri AM, Metali F, Ahmad N, Taha H. 2017. Phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of Melastoma malabathricum and Melastoma beccarianum leaf crude extracts. Res J Phytochem 11 (1): 35-41. DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2017.35.41
Eshwarappa RSB, Iyer RS, Subbaramaiah SR, Richard SA, Dhananjaya BL. 2014. Antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaf gall extracts. Bioimpacts 4 (2): 101-107. DOI: 10.5681/bi.2014.018
Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE. 2013. Profiling of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anticancer activities in pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) extracts from different locations of Malaysia. BMC Complement Altern Med 13: 341. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-341
Goh MPY, Basri AM, Yasin H, Taha H, Ahmad N. 2017. Ethnobotanical review and pharmacological properties of selected medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam: Litsea elliptica, Dillenia suffruticosa, Dillenia excelsa, Aidia racemosa, Vitex pinnata and Senna alata. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 7 (2): 173-180. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.026
Hossain MA, Shah MD, Sang SV, Sakari M. 2012. Chemical composition and antibacterial properties of the essential oils and crude extracts of Merremia borneensis. J King Saud Univ Sci 24 (3): 243-249. DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2011.03.006
Huang CB, Alimova Y, Myers TM, Ebersole JL. 2011. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms. Arch Oral Biol 56 (7): 650-654. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.01.011
Huang ZR, Lin YK, Fang JY. 2009. Biological and Pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Molecules 14 (1): 540-554. DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010540
Inagaki M, Jyoyama H, Ono T, Yamada K, Kobayashia M, Baba T, Touchi A, Iwatani K, Ohkawa T, Matsumoto S, Tsuri T. 2003. Synthesis and activities of oxidative metabolites of the antiarthritic drug candidate S-2474. Bioorg Med Chem 11 (11): 2415–2419. DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00141-x
Jeong EY, Jeon JH, Lee CH, Lee HS. 2009. Antimicrobial activity of catechol isolated from Diospyros kaki Thunb. roots and its derivatives toward intestinal bacteria. Food Chem 115 (3): 1006-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.021
Kim MG, Lee HS. 2014. 1,2-benzendiol isolated from persimmon roots and its structural analogues show antimicrobial activities against food-borne bacteria. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 57 (4): 429-33. DOI: 10.1007/s13765-014-4141-x
Kim SJ, Chung WS, Kim SS, Ko SG, Um JY. 2011. Antiinflammatory effect of Oldenlandia diffusa and its constituent, hentriacontane, through suppression of caspase?1 activation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Phytother Res 25 (10): 1537-1546. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3443
Kocacaliskan I, Talan I, Terzi I. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of catechol and pyrogallol as allelochemicals. Z Naturforsch C 61 (9-10): 639-642. DOI: 10.1515/znc-2006-9-1004
Kumar CG, Mongolla P, Pombala S, Bandi S, Babu KS, Ramakrishna KVS. 2017. Biological evaluation of 3?hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an extrolite produced by Aspergillus nidulans strain KZR ?132. J Appl Microbiol 122 (6): 1518-1528. DOI: 10.1111/jam.13450
Laluces HMC, Nakayama A, Nonato M, dela Cruz TE, Tan MA. 2015. Antimicrobial alkaloids from the leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius. J Appl Pharm Sci 5 (10): 151-153. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2015.501026
Liu S, Ruan W, Li J, Xu H. 2008. Biological control of phytopathogenic fungi by fatty acids. Mycopathologia 166 (2): 93-102. DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9124-1
Mohd-Joffry S, Yob NJ, Rofiee MS, Meor Mohd Affandi MMR, Suhaili Z, Othman F, Md Akim A, Desa MNM, Zakaria ZA. 2012. Melastoma malabathricum (L.) Smith ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological properties: a review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012: 258434. DOI: 10.1155/2012/258434
Murakami M, Fukatsu K, Ohkawa S, Kasahara F, Sugawara T. 2000. ESR study on the antioxidant activity of TAK-218 in biological model membranes. Chem Pharm Bull 48 (6): 784–792. DOI: 10.1248/cpb.48.784
Rajashekar Y, Raghavendra A, Bakthavatsalam N. 2014. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by biofumigant (coumaran) from leaves of Lantana camara in stored grain and household insect pests. BioMed Res Int 2014: 187019. DOI: 10.1155/2014/187019
Rigotti A. 2007. Absorption, transport, and tissue delivery of vitamin E. Mol Aspects Med 28 (5-6): 423-436. DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.01.002
Takahashi C, Kikuchi N, Katou N, Miki T, Yanagida F, Umeda M. 1995. Possible anti?tumour?promoting activity of components in Japanese soybean fermented food, Natto: effect on gap junctional intercellular communication. Carcinogenesis 16 (3): 471–476. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/16.3.471
Universiti Brunei Darussalam. 2018. Medicinal plants of UBD Botanical Research Centre. Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam.
Yakop F, Hamid MHSA, Ahmad N, Majid MA, Pillai MK, Taha H. 2020. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts and fractions of Dillenia suffruticosa leaves. Malays Appl Biol 49 (1): 121-130.
Yassa N, Masoomi F, Rohani Rankouhi SE, Hadjiakhoondi A. 2009. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extract and essential oil of Rosa damascena from Iran, Population of Guilan. DARU J Pharm Sci 17 (3): 175-180.
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