Diversity of termites (Isoptera) on industrial forest plantation of Eucalyptus pellita stands of tropical ecosystem in Riau, Indonesia
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Abstract. Prastyaningsih SR, Hardiwinoto S, Musyafa, Koranto CAD. 2020. Diversity of termites (Isoptera) on industrial forest plantation of Eucalyptus pellita stands of tropical ecosystem in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5498-5505. Eucalyptus pellita is an alternative tree species for pulp and paper of industrial forest plantation. One of the forest plantation’s negative effect is the loss of biodiversity and vulnerable to pest and disease. Termites are one of the pests attacking the forest plantations and play an important role in the ecological process. Need a better understanding of the termite role ecosystem process in E. pellita stands. This research aimed to determine the diversity of termite species found in E. pellita stands at different rotation and ages of stands. Termite diversity sampled by the transect sampling method in the 4th and 5th rotation with four-level ages (1, 2, 3, 4-years-old). The transect area was divided into 24 plots (100 m x 2 m). The termites in the Eucalyptus stand consist of two families (Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae), five subfamilies (Termitinae, Macrotermitinae, Nasutitermitinae, Rhinotermitinae, and Coptotermitinae), and eight species (Discupiditermes nemorosus, Macrotermes gilvus, Termes rostatus, Amitermes dentatus, Microcerotermes sp., Nasutitermes matangensis, Schedorhinotermes medioobscurus, and Coptotermes havilandi). The diversity index (H) in the 4th rotation was 1.95, while in the 5th rotation was 1.63, with a similarity in the Sorensen Index of 87.71%. The existence of termites is dominated by the wood feeder group. The species richness of the termites at the two rotations increased with the increase of the stand age.. The relative abundance composition of termites in the 5th rotation, is higher than the 4th rotation. Termite occurrence was influenced by necromass, tree biomass, humidity, and temperature.
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References
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Akbar O.T, Aprianis Y, Ruspandi, 2019. Pulp and Paper Rawa Material Characteristics Comparison of 1 to 4 Krasikarpa (Acacia cracicarpa A. Cunn). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 37(2):93-104.
Alamu, O.T, Ewete, F.K, Jimoh,S.O, 2018. Occurence and diversity of termite species in Eucaliptus plantations in Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment. 1 (2): 33-38
Asmaliyah, Imanullah A, Darwiati W, 2012. Identifikasi dan potensi kerusakan rayap pada tanaman Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans) di Kebun Percobaan Way Hanakau, Lampung Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman 9(4):187-194
Bignell D.E, Roisin Y, Lo N, 2010. Biology of Termites: A modern synthesis. Springer, London.
Bong, J.C.F., King P.J.H, Ong K.H, Mahadi N.M, 2012. Termites Assemblages in Oil Palm Palntation in Sarawak, Malaysia.Journal of Entomology. 9 (2) :68-78.
BPS Statistic of Pelalawan Regency, 2017. Pelalawan Regency in Figure. Pelalawan, Provinsi Riau.
Calderon R.A and Constantino R, 2007. A survey of the Termite Fauna (Isoptera) of an Eucalipt Plantation in Central Brazil. Neotropical Entomology 36(3):391-395.
Calderon-Cortes N, Escalera V.L.H, Pyama K, 2018. Occurrence of termite (Isoptera) on living and standing dead trees in a tropical dry forest in Mexico. Peer J 6:471-473.
Cheng S, Kirton LG, Gurmit S, 2008. Termite Attack on Oil Palm Grown on Peat Soil. Identification of Pest Species and Factors Contributing to The Problem. The Planter Kuala Lumpur. 84 (991):200-210.
Choosai, Mathieu J, Hanboonsong Y, Jouquet, 2009. Termite mounds and dykes are biodiversity refuges in paddy fieldsin north-eastern Thailand. Foundation for Environmental Conservation. Environmental Conservation 36(1);71-79.
Cowie, R. H., Logan, J. W. M., & Wood, T. G. 1989. Termite (Isoptera) damage and control in tropical forestry with special reference to Africa and Indo-Malaysia: a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 79(02), 173-184.
Cuong T, Chinh T T Q, Zhang Y, Xie Y, 2020. Economic Performace of Forest Plantation in Vietnam: Eucalyptus, Acacia mangium and Manglietia conifera. Forest. MDPI. Switzerland. 11 (3): 284.
Daviez R G,Hernandez L M, Eggleton P, Didham R K, Fagan L L, Winchester N N, 2003. Environmental and spatial influences upon species composition of a termite asemblages acros Neotropical Foret Insland Forest Island. Journal Tropical Ecology 19: 509-542.
Donovan S.E, Eggleton P, Bignell D.E, 2001. Gut content analysis and new feeding group classification of termites. Ecological Entomology 26:356-366.
Elsiddig F.I, 2019. Effect of Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity on Foraging Activity of Termite Microtermes thoracalis (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae)in Sinnar State, Sudan. Nile Journal for Agricultural Sciences (NJAS) 4(2):48-60.
Eggleton O, Bignel D.E, Sand N.A, Maddsley, Lawton H.W, Wood T.G, Bignell N.C, 1996. The diversity, abundance and biomass of termites under differing levels of disturbance in the Mbalmayo Forest Reverse, southern Cameroon. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences 351:51-68.
Eggleton P, Rahman H, Jeeva D, Jones D T, Davies R G, Maryati M, 1997. The species richness and composition of termites (Isoptera) in primary and regenerating lowland dipterocarp forest in Sabah, East Malaysia. Ecotropica 3:319-128.
Felicitas A.C, Herve B.D.B, Ekesi S, Akutse K.S, Djuideu C.T.C. L. Meupla M..J, Babalola O, 2018. Consequences of shade management on the taxonomic pattern and functional diversity of termites (Blattodea:Termitidae) in cocoa agroforestry systems. Ecology and Evolution 8:11582-11589.
Govorushko S, 2019. Economic and ecological importance of termites. In: A global review. Entomological Science. 22:21-35.
Hardwood C E, 1998. Eucaliptus pellita. An Annotated Bibliography. CSIRO Publishing. Victoria. Australia.
Hardwood C E and Nambiar E K S, 2014. Productivity of acacia and eucalypt plantations in South-East Asia. 2. Trends and Variations. International Forestry Review. 16(2): 225.
Hidayat M R, Endris W M, Dwiyanti Y, 2018. Effect of a rubber plantation on termite diversity in Melawi, West Kalimantan. Agriculture and Natural Resources 52: 439-444
Jamil N, Ismail W N, Abidin S S, Amaran M A, Hazali R, 2017. A Preliminary Survey of Species Composition of Termite (Insecta:Isoptera) in Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak. Tropical Life Science Research 28(2):201-213.
Jones D.T, Eggleton P., 2000. Sampling termite assemblages in tropical forest; testing a rapid biodiversity assessment protocol. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37:191-203.
Jones, D.T, Prasetyo A.H, 2002. A Survey of the termites (Insecta: Isoptera) of Tabalong Distric, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 50 (1): 117-128.
Jones, D.T., Susilo, F.X, Bignell, D.E., Hardiwinoto S., Gilison A.S., Eggleton P., 2003. Termite assemblage collapse along a land-use intensification gradient in lowland central Sumatera, Indonesia. J. Appl. Ecol. 40: 380-391.
Jouquet P, Traore S, Choosai C, Hartmann C, Bignell D, 2011. Influence of termites on ecosystem function. Ecosystem services provided by termites. European Journal of Soil Biology.47:215-222.
Junguiera L.K, and Florencio D.F, 2018. Termite damage in agricultural areas and implanted forest. An Ecological Approach. In: Termite and Sustainable Management. Volume 2. Economic losses and management sustainability in plant and crop protection. Springer. Switzerland.
Kissi, A, Tenon T, Kouassi D, Koua, 2019. Termite assemblages and infestation in rubber plantations of M’Brimbo in southern Cote d’Ivore. International Journa; of Advance Research in Biological Science 6(4):21-29.
Keng,W.M and Rahman H, 2012. Logistic Regresion to Predict Termite Occurences with Environmental Variables in Primary Forest and Oil Palm Ecosystem. The Case Study in Sabah, Malaysia. Asia Pasific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Sosciety. Procedia 4: 53-57.
Kon T.W, Bong C. F. J, King J. H. P, Leng C. T. S, 2012. Biodiversity of Termites (Insecta: Isoptera) in Tropical Peat Land Cultivated with Oil Palms. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 15 (3): 108-120.
Krishna K, Grimaldi D A, Krishna V, Engel M S, 2013. Treatise on the Isoptera of the World. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 377:1–2704
Lukmandaru,G, Zumaini, U.M, Soeprijadi D, Nugroho W.D, 2016. Chemichal properties amd fiber dimension the 2nd Generation of progeny test in Pelaihari, South Borneo, Indonesia. J Korean Wood Sci. Technol 44(4):571-588.
Magguran A E, 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Publishing Company. Australia
Miranda C.S, Vasconcelos A, Aldemar G.B, 2004. Termites in sugar cane in northeast Brazil. Ecological Aspects and pest status. Neotropical Entomology 33(2)
Morais, W, Oliviera L, Tjahjono B, 2018. Microcerotermes sp (Termitidae) attack on Eucaliptus pellita in Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. 12th Pasific Rim Termite Research Group Conference.Yogyakarta, 21-22 March 2018 [Indonesian]
Pardeshi M K, Kumar D, Bhattacharya A K, 2010. Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) Fauna of Some Agricultural Crops of Vadodara, Gujarat (India). Zoological Survey of India 110:47-59.
Payn. T, Jean M.C, Peter F.S, Mark K, Water K, Shirong L, Christophe O, Luiz R, Luis N.S, Michael J.W, 2015. Changes in planted forest and future global implications. Forest Ecology and Management. 352: 57-67.
Phillips RB (2013) Global dynamics of the pulp and paper industry 2013. New Zeal J For 58:34–42.
Prasetyo A, Also H, Ishiguri F, Wahyudi I, Wijaya I P G, Oshima J, Yokota S, 2017. Variation of growth characteristic and wood property of three Eucaliptus species planted for pulp wood in Indonesia. Tropics 26(2):59-69.
Sutiyasa B, 2002. Kandungan Kimia Kayu Acacia crasicarpa Cunn ex bent pada berbagai umur. Bulletin Kehutanan 50:23-30.
Tho, Y.P., 1992. Termites of Penisular Malaysia (Kirton, L.G. Ed). Malayan Forest Records. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong. 36: 1-224.
Yamada A, Inoue T, Wiwatwiyata, Ohkuma M, 2003. Abundance and biomass of termites (Insecta:Isoptera) in deadwood in a dry evergrees foret in Thailand. Sociobiology 42:569-585
Akbar O.T, Aprianis Y, Ruspandi, 2019. Pulp and Paper Rawa Material Characteristics Comparison of 1 to 4 Krasikarpa (Acacia cracicarpa A. Cunn). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 37(2):93-104.
Alamu, O.T, Ewete, F.K, Jimoh,S.O, 2018. Occurence and diversity of termite species in Eucaliptus plantations in Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment. 1 (2): 33-38
Asmaliyah, Imanullah A, Darwiati W, 2012. Identifikasi dan potensi kerusakan rayap pada tanaman Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans) di Kebun Percobaan Way Hanakau, Lampung Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman 9(4):187-194
Bignell D.E, Roisin Y, Lo N, 2010. Biology of Termites: A modern synthesis. Springer, London.
Bong, J.C.F., King P.J.H, Ong K.H, Mahadi N.M, 2012. Termites Assemblages in Oil Palm Palntation in Sarawak, Malaysia.Journal of Entomology. 9 (2) :68-78.
BPS Statistic of Pelalawan Regency, 2017. Pelalawan Regency in Figure. Pelalawan, Provinsi Riau.
Calderon R.A and Constantino R, 2007. A survey of the Termite Fauna (Isoptera) of an Eucalipt Plantation in Central Brazil. Neotropical Entomology 36(3):391-395.
Calderon-Cortes N, Escalera V.L.H, Pyama K, 2018. Occurrence of termite (Isoptera) on living and standing dead trees in a tropical dry forest in Mexico. Peer J 6:471-473.
Cheng S, Kirton LG, Gurmit S, 2008. Termite Attack on Oil Palm Grown on Peat Soil. Identification of Pest Species and Factors Contributing to The Problem. The Planter Kuala Lumpur. 84 (991):200-210.
Choosai, Mathieu J, Hanboonsong Y, Jouquet, 2009. Termite mounds and dykes are biodiversity refuges in paddy fieldsin north-eastern Thailand. Foundation for Environmental Conservation. Environmental Conservation 36(1);71-79.
Cowie, R. H., Logan, J. W. M., & Wood, T. G. 1989. Termite (Isoptera) damage and control in tropical forestry with special reference to Africa and Indo-Malaysia: a review. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 79(02), 173-184.
Cuong T, Chinh T T Q, Zhang Y, Xie Y, 2020. Economic Performace of Forest Plantation in Vietnam: Eucalyptus, Acacia mangium and Manglietia conifera. Forest. MDPI. Switzerland. 11 (3): 284.
Daviez R G,Hernandez L M, Eggleton P, Didham R K, Fagan L L, Winchester N N, 2003. Environmental and spatial influences upon species composition of a termite asemblages acros Neotropical Foret Insland Forest Island. Journal Tropical Ecology 19: 509-542.
Donovan S.E, Eggleton P, Bignell D.E, 2001. Gut content analysis and new feeding group classification of termites. Ecological Entomology 26:356-366.
Elsiddig F.I, 2019. Effect of Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity on Foraging Activity of Termite Microtermes thoracalis (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae)in Sinnar State, Sudan. Nile Journal for Agricultural Sciences (NJAS) 4(2):48-60.
Eggleton O, Bignel D.E, Sand N.A, Maddsley, Lawton H.W, Wood T.G, Bignell N.C, 1996. The diversity, abundance and biomass of termites under differing levels of disturbance in the Mbalmayo Forest Reverse, southern Cameroon. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences 351:51-68.
Eggleton P, Rahman H, Jeeva D, Jones D T, Davies R G, Maryati M, 1997. The species richness and composition of termites (Isoptera) in primary and regenerating lowland dipterocarp forest in Sabah, East Malaysia. Ecotropica 3:319-128.
Felicitas A.C, Herve B.D.B, Ekesi S, Akutse K.S, Djuideu C.T.C. L. Meupla M..J, Babalola O, 2018. Consequences of shade management on the taxonomic pattern and functional diversity of termites (Blattodea:Termitidae) in cocoa agroforestry systems. Ecology and Evolution 8:11582-11589.
Govorushko S, 2019. Economic and ecological importance of termites. In: A global review. Entomological Science. 22:21-35.
Hardwood C E, 1998. Eucaliptus pellita. An Annotated Bibliography. CSIRO Publishing. Victoria. Australia.
Hardwood C E and Nambiar E K S, 2014. Productivity of acacia and eucalypt plantations in South-East Asia. 2. Trends and Variations. International Forestry Review. 16(2): 225.
Hidayat M R, Endris W M, Dwiyanti Y, 2018. Effect of a rubber plantation on termite diversity in Melawi, West Kalimantan. Agriculture and Natural Resources 52: 439-444
Jamil N, Ismail W N, Abidin S S, Amaran M A, Hazali R, 2017. A Preliminary Survey of Species Composition of Termite (Insecta:Isoptera) in Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak. Tropical Life Science Research 28(2):201-213.
Jones D.T, Eggleton P., 2000. Sampling termite assemblages in tropical forest; testing a rapid biodiversity assessment protocol. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37:191-203.
Jones, D.T, Prasetyo A.H, 2002. A Survey of the termites (Insecta: Isoptera) of Tabalong Distric, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 50 (1): 117-128.
Jones, D.T., Susilo, F.X, Bignell, D.E., Hardiwinoto S., Gilison A.S., Eggleton P., 2003. Termite assemblage collapse along a land-use intensification gradient in lowland central Sumatera, Indonesia. J. Appl. Ecol. 40: 380-391.
Jouquet P, Traore S, Choosai C, Hartmann C, Bignell D, 2011. Influence of termites on ecosystem function. Ecosystem services provided by termites. European Journal of Soil Biology.47:215-222.
Junguiera L.K, and Florencio D.F, 2018. Termite damage in agricultural areas and implanted forest. An Ecological Approach. In: Termite and Sustainable Management. Volume 2. Economic losses and management sustainability in plant and crop protection. Springer. Switzerland.
Kissi, A, Tenon T, Kouassi D, Koua, 2019. Termite assemblages and infestation in rubber plantations of M’Brimbo in southern Cote d’Ivore. International Journa; of Advance Research in Biological Science 6(4):21-29.
Keng,W.M and Rahman H, 2012. Logistic Regresion to Predict Termite Occurences with Environmental Variables in Primary Forest and Oil Palm Ecosystem. The Case Study in Sabah, Malaysia. Asia Pasific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Sosciety. Procedia 4: 53-57.
Kon T.W, Bong C. F. J, King J. H. P, Leng C. T. S, 2012. Biodiversity of Termites (Insecta: Isoptera) in Tropical Peat Land Cultivated with Oil Palms. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 15 (3): 108-120.
Krishna K, Grimaldi D A, Krishna V, Engel M S, 2013. Treatise on the Isoptera of the World. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 377:1–2704
Lukmandaru,G, Zumaini, U.M, Soeprijadi D, Nugroho W.D, 2016. Chemichal properties amd fiber dimension the 2nd Generation of progeny test in Pelaihari, South Borneo, Indonesia. J Korean Wood Sci. Technol 44(4):571-588.
Magguran A E, 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Publishing Company. Australia
Miranda C.S, Vasconcelos A, Aldemar G.B, 2004. Termites in sugar cane in northeast Brazil. Ecological Aspects and pest status. Neotropical Entomology 33(2)
Morais, W, Oliviera L, Tjahjono B, 2018. Microcerotermes sp (Termitidae) attack on Eucaliptus pellita in Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. 12th Pasific Rim Termite Research Group Conference.Yogyakarta, 21-22 March 2018 [Indonesian]
Pardeshi M K, Kumar D, Bhattacharya A K, 2010. Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) Fauna of Some Agricultural Crops of Vadodara, Gujarat (India). Zoological Survey of India 110:47-59.
Payn. T, Jean M.C, Peter F.S, Mark K, Water K, Shirong L, Christophe O, Luiz R, Luis N.S, Michael J.W, 2015. Changes in planted forest and future global implications. Forest Ecology and Management. 352: 57-67.
Phillips RB (2013) Global dynamics of the pulp and paper industry 2013. New Zeal J For 58:34–42.
Prasetyo A, Also H, Ishiguri F, Wahyudi I, Wijaya I P G, Oshima J, Yokota S, 2017. Variation of growth characteristic and wood property of three Eucaliptus species planted for pulp wood in Indonesia. Tropics 26(2):59-69.
Sutiyasa B, 2002. Kandungan Kimia Kayu Acacia crasicarpa Cunn ex bent pada berbagai umur. Bulletin Kehutanan 50:23-30.
Tho, Y.P., 1992. Termites of Penisular Malaysia (Kirton, L.G. Ed). Malayan Forest Records. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong. 36: 1-224.
Yamada A, Inoue T, Wiwatwiyata, Ohkuma M, 2003. Abundance and biomass of termites (Insecta:Isoptera) in deadwood in a dry evergrees foret in Thailand. Sociobiology 42:569-585
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