The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Putro GS, Marsoem SN, Sulistyo J, Hardiwinoto S. 2020. The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties. Biodiversitas 21: 2814-2820. Various clones of superior teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) trees have recently been introduced in several land conditions. A study was conducted on three different clones of superior teak known as Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) growing in Paliyan, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Two different ages of those clones were observed their growth rate and its wood properties. Strip plot design was applied to the treatment of tree age (five and eight-year-old) and clone types (D14, F35, and F21 clones). Tree growth was measured on 300 trees, meanwhile, annual growth rate and wood properties were measured on 18 trees. The result showed that at five-year-old as well as eight-year-old, the D14 clone has the best growth performance with diameter of 14.6 ± 1.80 cm and 20.5 ± 2.54 cm and height of 9.8 ± 1.72 m and 15.2 ± 2.13 m respectively. The growth rate negatively correlated with temperature and had no significant correlation to the precipitation. Different clones and tree age significantly affect the variability of fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion. The clone of D14 produced the highest-fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion (1.111mm; 0.50 and17.7%) at five-year-old trees and (1.156 mm; 0.54 and 49.0%) at eight-years-old.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Adi DS, Sudarmanto, Notowiharjo I, Gopar M, Darmawan T, Amin Y, Dwianto W, Witjaksono. 2016. Evaluation of the wood quality of platinum teak wood. Jurnal Teknologi Indonesia 39 (1): 36–44
Anish MC, Anoop EV, Vishnu R, Sreejith B, Jijeesh CM. 2015. Effect of growth rate on wood quality of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.): a comparative study of teak grown under differing site quality conditions. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 12(1):81-88
Arce N, Moya R. 2015. Wood characterization of adult clones of Tectona grandis growing in Costa Rica. Cerne vol.21 (3) doi:10.1590/01047760201521031751
Basri E, Wahyudi I. 2013. Wood basic properties of Jati Plus Perhutani from different ages and their relationships to drying properties and qualities. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 31 (2): 93-102. DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2013.31.2.93-102
Begum S, Nakaba S, Yamagishi Y, Oribe Y, Funada R. 2013. Regulation of cambial activity in relation to environmental conditions: understanding the role of temperature in wood formation of trees. Physiol Plant. 147(1):46-54
British Standard. 1957. Methods of testing small clear specimens of timber. British Standards Institution. London
Bustomi S, Yulianti M. 2013. The relationship model of height and diameter of Acacia trees (Acacia auriculiformis) as a wood energy source in Purwokerto Central Java. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman Vol.10 (3): 155 – 160
Castagneri D, Fonti P, Arx G, Carrer M. 2017. How does climate influence xylem morphogenesis over the growing season? Insights from long-term intra-ring anatomy in Picea abies. Annals of Botany Journal Vol. 119(6): 1011-1020
Chaix G, Monteuuis O, Garcia C, Alloysius D, Gidiman J, Bacilieri R, Goh DKS. 2011. Genetic variation in major phenotypic traits among diverse genetic origins of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) planted in Taliwas, Sabah, East Malaysia. Annals of Forest Science Vol. 68 (5):1015-1026.
Darmawan W, Nandika D, Kartikasari R, Sitompul A, Rahayu I, Gardner D. 2013. Juvenile and mature wood characteristics of short and long rotation teak in Java. IAWA Journal Vol. 36(4): 429-443
Damayanti R, Ilic J, Ozarska B, Pari G, Vinden P. 2019. Effect of clone and sites for wood properties of fast grown teak and determination of the best clone for next cultivation in teak plantation industries. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 359. 012002. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/359/1/012002.
Goh Dr, Japarudin Y, Alwi A, Lapammu M, Flori A, Monteuuis O. 2013. Growth differences and genetic parameter estimates of 15 teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) genotypes of various ages clonally propagated by microcuttings and planted under humid tropical conditions. Silvae Genetica. 62 (4-5) : 196-206
Goh Dr, Bacilieri R, Chaix G, Monteuuis O. 2013. Growth variations and heritabilities of teak CSO-derived families and provenances planted in two humid tropical sites. Tree Genetics & Genomes 9(5):1329–1341
Gryc V, Vavrcik H, Horn K. 2011. Density of juvenile and mature wood of selected coniferous species. J. For. Sci. 57: 123–130
Hidayati F, Ishiguri F, Iizuka K, Makino K, Marsoem SN, Yokota S. 2014. Among-clone variations of anatomical characteristics and wood properties in Tectona grandis planted in Indonesia. Wood and Fiber Science Journal 46(3): 385–393
Hidayati F, Fajrin IT, Ridho MR, Nugroho WD, Marsoem SN, Na'iem M. 2016. Sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu Jati Unggul "Mega" dan kayu jati konvensional yang ditanam di Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 10(2): 98-107.
Hlaing ZC, Teplyakov VK, Thant NML. 2014. Influence of climate factors on tree-ring growth in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations in the Bago Yoma Range, Myanmar. Forest Science and Technology 10(1):40-45 DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2013.834275
Husch B, Miller CI, Beers TW. 1972. Forest Mensuration. Second Edition. The Ronald Press Company. New York.
IAWA. 2008. IAWA list of microscope features for hardwood identification. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan. Bogor
Jayawardana D, Amarasekera H. 2009. Effect of growth rate on wood quality of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations at Malsiripura, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Vidyodaya Journal. Golden Jubilee Issue: 149-170
Kaosa-Ard A. 1979. Physiological studies of sprouting of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) planting stumps. Teak Seed Centre. Annual Report No.1. Teak Seed Centre, Ngao, Lampang, Thailand, 35 pp.
Kaosa-Ard A. 1981. Teak – its natural distribution and related factors. Natural History Bulletin of Siam Society. 29:55?74.
Kojima M, Yamamoto H, Ojio KOY, Yoshida M, Ona TOT, Matsune K, Ide KY, Marsoem S N, Hadi MHSYS. 2009a. Effect of the lateral growth rate on wood properties in fast-growing hardwood species. Journal Wood Science 55: 417-424
Kojima M, Yamamoto H, Marsoem SN, Okuyama T, Yoshida M, Nakai T, Yamashita S, Saegusa K, Matsune K, Nakamura, K, Inoue Y, Arizono T. 2009b. Effects of the lateral growth rate on wood quality of Gmelina arborea from 3.5-, 7- and 12-year-old plantations. Annal of Forest Science Vol. 66 (507): 502-507.
Lachenbruch B, Moore JR, Evans R. 2011. Radial variation in wood structure and function in woody plants, and hypotheses for its occurrence. In: Meinzer FC, Lachenbruch B & Dawson TE (eds.), Size and age-related changes in tree structure and function. Tree Physiol. 4: 121–164.
Lacret R, Varela RM, Molinillo JMG, Nogueiras C, Macias FA. 2012. Tectonoelins, ew or lignans from a bioactive extract of Tectona grandis. Phytochemistry Letter 5: 382?386.
Lukmandaru G. 2011. Variability in the natural termite resistance of plantation teak wood and its relations with wood extractive content and color properties. Journal of Forestry Research 8 (1): 1817-31
Malik MFE, Abdelgadir AY. 2015. Effect of growth rate on wood density of Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood of coppice origin grown in White Nile State Sudan. Journal of Forest Product and Industries 4(3): 86-93
Marsoem SN. 2013. Studi mutu kayu jati di hutan rakyat gunungkidul: pengukuran laju pertumbuhan. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol. 7 (2): 108-122
Marsoem SN, Setiaji F, Kim NH, Sulistyo J, Irawati D, Nugroho WD, Pertiwi YB. 2015. Fiber Morphology and Physical Characteristics of Gigantochloa atter at Three Different Ages and Heights of Culms for Better Utilization. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology Vol. 43(2):145-155. DOI: 10.5658/WOOD.2015.43.2.145
Missanjo E, Matsumura J. 2016. Radial variation in tracheid length and growth ring width of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Malawi. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 3 (1): 13-21
Mohamad S, Marsoem SN, 2007. Karakteristik dan variasi sifat fisik kayu Acacia mangium Wild. pada beberapa jarak tanam dan kedudukan aksial-radial. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 1(1):1-13
Moya R, Munoz F. 2010. Physical and mechanical properties of eight fast-growing plantation species in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 22(3): 317–328
Mugasha WA, Bollandsas OM, Eid T. 2013. Relationships between diameter and height of trees in natural tropical forest in Tanzania. Journal of Forest Science 75(4): 221-237
Murtinah V, Marjenah, Ruchaemi A, Ruhiyat D. 2015. Pertumbuhan hutan tanaman jati (Tectona Grandis Linn.F.) di Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal AGRIFOR 14(2): 287-292
Muslich M, Hadjib N, Rulliaty S. 2010. Karakteristik Kayu Jati Cepat Tumbuh dan Jati Lokal. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Inovasi Teknologi Pengolahan Jati Cepat Tumbuh dan Kayu Pertukangan Lainnya. Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan, Bogor
Naji HR, Sahri MH, Nobuchi1 T, Bakar ES. 2012. The effect of growth rate on wood density and anatomical characteristics of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. arg.) in two different clonal trails. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resources 1 (2): 71-80
Nelson CD, Johnsen KH. 2008. Genomic and physiological approaches to advancing forest tree improvement. Tree Physiology Journal 28: 1135 –1143
Olivar J, Rathgeber C, Bravo F. 2015. Climate change, tree-ring width and wood density of Pines in mediterranean environments. IAWA Journal 36 (3): 257-269
Palanisamy K, Gireesan K, Nagarajan V, Hegde M. 2009. Selection and clonal multiplication of superior trees of teak (Tectona grandis) and preliminary evaluation of clones. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 21(2): 168-174.
Perhutani. 2016. Statistik Perhutani Tahun 2011-2015. Perum Perhutani, Jakarta
Perhutani. 2019a. Statistik Perum Perhutani Tahun 2014-2018. Perum Perhutani, Jakarta
Perhutani. 2019b. Perhutani Memacu Tanaman Biomassa. https://perhutani.co.id
Pertiwi YAB, Aiso H, Ishiguri F, Wedatama S, Marsoem SN, Ohshima J, Iizuka K, Yokota S. 2017. Effect of radial growth rate on wood properties of Neolamarckia cadamba. Journal of Tropical Forest Science Vol. 29, No. 1 pp. 30-36
Rahmadwiati R, Sadono R, Supriyatno N. 2012. Preliminary stand table for average dominant trees of Jati Plus Perhutani in Saradan, Madiun, and Ngawi Forest Districs. JMHT Vol. 22, (1): 57-64
Rachmawati Y, Daryono BS, Ariestya GR 2018. Phenotipical characters of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in response to karst critical land. The Journal of Tropical Biology 2(1): 1-11
Rizanti DE, Darmawan W, George B, Merlin A, Dumarcay S, Chapuis H, Gerardin C, Gelhaye E. Raharivelomanana P, Sari RK, Syafii W, Mohamed R, Gerardin P. 2018. Comparison of teak wood properties according to forest management:short versus long rotation. Annals of Forest Science Vol. 75(39). DOI: 10.1007/s13595-018-0716-8
Rocha MFV, Veiga TRLA, Soares BD, Araujo ACC, Carvalho AMM, Hein PRG. 2019. Do the growing conditions of trees influence the wood properties ? Floresta e Ambiente 26(3) doi:10.1590/2179-8087.035318
Shamaki SB, Akindele SO, Isah AD, Mohammed I. 2016. Height-diameter relationship models for teak (Tectona grandis) plantation in Nimbia Forest Reserve, Nigeria Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 1 (1): 1-7
Shmulsky R, and Jones PD. 2019. Forest Products and Wood Science. An Introduction. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., UK.
Sousa VB, Cardoso S, Quilho T, Pereira H. 2012. Growth rate and ring width variability of teak, Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae) in an unmanaged forest in East Timor. Revista de Biologia Tropical. 60(1): 83-94
Sugiyono. 2013. Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. CV Alfabeta, Bandung
Marwati. 2011. Inferior wood dominates plantation forest’s products. https://ugm.ac.id
Supriono B, Setyaningsih L. 2012. Growth of superior teak plant nusantara with agroforestry pattern at five years old. Jurnal Sains Natural Universitas Nusa Bangsa Vol. 2 (2) :179 – 185
Tardieu F, Parent B, Caldeira CF, Welcker C. 2014. Genetic and Physiological Controls of Growth under Water Deficit. Plant Physiology Journal 164(4): 1628–1635
Toledo M, Poorter L, Claros M, Alarcón A, Balcazar J, Leano C, Licona JC, Llanque O, Vrooman V, Zuidema P, Bongers F. 2011. Climate is a stronger driver of tree and forest growth rates than soil and disturbance. Journal of Ecology 99: 254–264
Thulasidas P, Bailleres H. 2017. Wood quality for advanced uses of teak from natural and planted forests. IUFRO World Series 36: 73-81
Wahyudi I, Arifien AF. 2005. Perbandingan struktur anatomis, sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis kayu jati unggul dan kayu jati konvensional. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis 3 (2): 53-59.
Weiman NC. 2010. Characteristics and availability of commercially important woods. In Wood Handbook: Wood as an engineering material. Centennial Edition. Forest Products Laboratory. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Madison, Wisconsin
Widiatmaka W, Mediranto A, Widjaja H. 2015. Karakteristik, klasifikasi tanah, dan pertumbuhan tanaman jati (Tectona grandis Linn f.) Var. Unggul Nusantara Di Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan 5 (1): 87-97.
Yulianti AD, Wahyudi I, Siregar IZ, Pari G. 2011. Wood quality of clones teak with different planting distance. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis 9(1): 93-100
Zahabu E, Raphael T, Chamshama SAO, Iddi S, Malimbwi RE. 2015. Effect of spacing regimes on growth, yield, and wood properties of Tectona grandis at Longuza Forest Plantation, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/469760
Anish MC, Anoop EV, Vishnu R, Sreejith B, Jijeesh CM. 2015. Effect of growth rate on wood quality of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.): a comparative study of teak grown under differing site quality conditions. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 12(1):81-88
Arce N, Moya R. 2015. Wood characterization of adult clones of Tectona grandis growing in Costa Rica. Cerne vol.21 (3) doi:10.1590/01047760201521031751
Basri E, Wahyudi I. 2013. Wood basic properties of Jati Plus Perhutani from different ages and their relationships to drying properties and qualities. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 31 (2): 93-102. DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2013.31.2.93-102
Begum S, Nakaba S, Yamagishi Y, Oribe Y, Funada R. 2013. Regulation of cambial activity in relation to environmental conditions: understanding the role of temperature in wood formation of trees. Physiol Plant. 147(1):46-54
British Standard. 1957. Methods of testing small clear specimens of timber. British Standards Institution. London
Bustomi S, Yulianti M. 2013. The relationship model of height and diameter of Acacia trees (Acacia auriculiformis) as a wood energy source in Purwokerto Central Java. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman Vol.10 (3): 155 – 160
Castagneri D, Fonti P, Arx G, Carrer M. 2017. How does climate influence xylem morphogenesis over the growing season? Insights from long-term intra-ring anatomy in Picea abies. Annals of Botany Journal Vol. 119(6): 1011-1020
Chaix G, Monteuuis O, Garcia C, Alloysius D, Gidiman J, Bacilieri R, Goh DKS. 2011. Genetic variation in major phenotypic traits among diverse genetic origins of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) planted in Taliwas, Sabah, East Malaysia. Annals of Forest Science Vol. 68 (5):1015-1026.
Darmawan W, Nandika D, Kartikasari R, Sitompul A, Rahayu I, Gardner D. 2013. Juvenile and mature wood characteristics of short and long rotation teak in Java. IAWA Journal Vol. 36(4): 429-443
Damayanti R, Ilic J, Ozarska B, Pari G, Vinden P. 2019. Effect of clone and sites for wood properties of fast grown teak and determination of the best clone for next cultivation in teak plantation industries. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 359. 012002. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/359/1/012002.
Goh Dr, Japarudin Y, Alwi A, Lapammu M, Flori A, Monteuuis O. 2013. Growth differences and genetic parameter estimates of 15 teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) genotypes of various ages clonally propagated by microcuttings and planted under humid tropical conditions. Silvae Genetica. 62 (4-5) : 196-206
Goh Dr, Bacilieri R, Chaix G, Monteuuis O. 2013. Growth variations and heritabilities of teak CSO-derived families and provenances planted in two humid tropical sites. Tree Genetics & Genomes 9(5):1329–1341
Gryc V, Vavrcik H, Horn K. 2011. Density of juvenile and mature wood of selected coniferous species. J. For. Sci. 57: 123–130
Hidayati F, Ishiguri F, Iizuka K, Makino K, Marsoem SN, Yokota S. 2014. Among-clone variations of anatomical characteristics and wood properties in Tectona grandis planted in Indonesia. Wood and Fiber Science Journal 46(3): 385–393
Hidayati F, Fajrin IT, Ridho MR, Nugroho WD, Marsoem SN, Na'iem M. 2016. Sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu Jati Unggul "Mega" dan kayu jati konvensional yang ditanam di Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 10(2): 98-107.
Hlaing ZC, Teplyakov VK, Thant NML. 2014. Influence of climate factors on tree-ring growth in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations in the Bago Yoma Range, Myanmar. Forest Science and Technology 10(1):40-45 DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2013.834275
Husch B, Miller CI, Beers TW. 1972. Forest Mensuration. Second Edition. The Ronald Press Company. New York.
IAWA. 2008. IAWA list of microscope features for hardwood identification. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan. Bogor
Jayawardana D, Amarasekera H. 2009. Effect of growth rate on wood quality of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations at Malsiripura, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Vidyodaya Journal. Golden Jubilee Issue: 149-170
Kaosa-Ard A. 1979. Physiological studies of sprouting of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) planting stumps. Teak Seed Centre. Annual Report No.1. Teak Seed Centre, Ngao, Lampang, Thailand, 35 pp.
Kaosa-Ard A. 1981. Teak – its natural distribution and related factors. Natural History Bulletin of Siam Society. 29:55?74.
Kojima M, Yamamoto H, Ojio KOY, Yoshida M, Ona TOT, Matsune K, Ide KY, Marsoem S N, Hadi MHSYS. 2009a. Effect of the lateral growth rate on wood properties in fast-growing hardwood species. Journal Wood Science 55: 417-424
Kojima M, Yamamoto H, Marsoem SN, Okuyama T, Yoshida M, Nakai T, Yamashita S, Saegusa K, Matsune K, Nakamura, K, Inoue Y, Arizono T. 2009b. Effects of the lateral growth rate on wood quality of Gmelina arborea from 3.5-, 7- and 12-year-old plantations. Annal of Forest Science Vol. 66 (507): 502-507.
Lachenbruch B, Moore JR, Evans R. 2011. Radial variation in wood structure and function in woody plants, and hypotheses for its occurrence. In: Meinzer FC, Lachenbruch B & Dawson TE (eds.), Size and age-related changes in tree structure and function. Tree Physiol. 4: 121–164.
Lacret R, Varela RM, Molinillo JMG, Nogueiras C, Macias FA. 2012. Tectonoelins, ew or lignans from a bioactive extract of Tectona grandis. Phytochemistry Letter 5: 382?386.
Lukmandaru G. 2011. Variability in the natural termite resistance of plantation teak wood and its relations with wood extractive content and color properties. Journal of Forestry Research 8 (1): 1817-31
Malik MFE, Abdelgadir AY. 2015. Effect of growth rate on wood density of Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood of coppice origin grown in White Nile State Sudan. Journal of Forest Product and Industries 4(3): 86-93
Marsoem SN. 2013. Studi mutu kayu jati di hutan rakyat gunungkidul: pengukuran laju pertumbuhan. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Vol. 7 (2): 108-122
Marsoem SN, Setiaji F, Kim NH, Sulistyo J, Irawati D, Nugroho WD, Pertiwi YB. 2015. Fiber Morphology and Physical Characteristics of Gigantochloa atter at Three Different Ages and Heights of Culms for Better Utilization. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology Vol. 43(2):145-155. DOI: 10.5658/WOOD.2015.43.2.145
Missanjo E, Matsumura J. 2016. Radial variation in tracheid length and growth ring width of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Malawi. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 3 (1): 13-21
Mohamad S, Marsoem SN, 2007. Karakteristik dan variasi sifat fisik kayu Acacia mangium Wild. pada beberapa jarak tanam dan kedudukan aksial-radial. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 1(1):1-13
Moya R, Munoz F. 2010. Physical and mechanical properties of eight fast-growing plantation species in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 22(3): 317–328
Mugasha WA, Bollandsas OM, Eid T. 2013. Relationships between diameter and height of trees in natural tropical forest in Tanzania. Journal of Forest Science 75(4): 221-237
Murtinah V, Marjenah, Ruchaemi A, Ruhiyat D. 2015. Pertumbuhan hutan tanaman jati (Tectona Grandis Linn.F.) di Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal AGRIFOR 14(2): 287-292
Muslich M, Hadjib N, Rulliaty S. 2010. Karakteristik Kayu Jati Cepat Tumbuh dan Jati Lokal. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Inovasi Teknologi Pengolahan Jati Cepat Tumbuh dan Kayu Pertukangan Lainnya. Puslitbang Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan, Bogor
Naji HR, Sahri MH, Nobuchi1 T, Bakar ES. 2012. The effect of growth rate on wood density and anatomical characteristics of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. arg.) in two different clonal trails. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resources 1 (2): 71-80
Nelson CD, Johnsen KH. 2008. Genomic and physiological approaches to advancing forest tree improvement. Tree Physiology Journal 28: 1135 –1143
Olivar J, Rathgeber C, Bravo F. 2015. Climate change, tree-ring width and wood density of Pines in mediterranean environments. IAWA Journal 36 (3): 257-269
Palanisamy K, Gireesan K, Nagarajan V, Hegde M. 2009. Selection and clonal multiplication of superior trees of teak (Tectona grandis) and preliminary evaluation of clones. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 21(2): 168-174.
Perhutani. 2016. Statistik Perhutani Tahun 2011-2015. Perum Perhutani, Jakarta
Perhutani. 2019a. Statistik Perum Perhutani Tahun 2014-2018. Perum Perhutani, Jakarta
Perhutani. 2019b. Perhutani Memacu Tanaman Biomassa. https://perhutani.co.id
Pertiwi YAB, Aiso H, Ishiguri F, Wedatama S, Marsoem SN, Ohshima J, Iizuka K, Yokota S. 2017. Effect of radial growth rate on wood properties of Neolamarckia cadamba. Journal of Tropical Forest Science Vol. 29, No. 1 pp. 30-36
Rahmadwiati R, Sadono R, Supriyatno N. 2012. Preliminary stand table for average dominant trees of Jati Plus Perhutani in Saradan, Madiun, and Ngawi Forest Districs. JMHT Vol. 22, (1): 57-64
Rachmawati Y, Daryono BS, Ariestya GR 2018. Phenotipical characters of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in response to karst critical land. The Journal of Tropical Biology 2(1): 1-11
Rizanti DE, Darmawan W, George B, Merlin A, Dumarcay S, Chapuis H, Gerardin C, Gelhaye E. Raharivelomanana P, Sari RK, Syafii W, Mohamed R, Gerardin P. 2018. Comparison of teak wood properties according to forest management:short versus long rotation. Annals of Forest Science Vol. 75(39). DOI: 10.1007/s13595-018-0716-8
Rocha MFV, Veiga TRLA, Soares BD, Araujo ACC, Carvalho AMM, Hein PRG. 2019. Do the growing conditions of trees influence the wood properties ? Floresta e Ambiente 26(3) doi:10.1590/2179-8087.035318
Shamaki SB, Akindele SO, Isah AD, Mohammed I. 2016. Height-diameter relationship models for teak (Tectona grandis) plantation in Nimbia Forest Reserve, Nigeria Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 1 (1): 1-7
Shmulsky R, and Jones PD. 2019. Forest Products and Wood Science. An Introduction. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., UK.
Sousa VB, Cardoso S, Quilho T, Pereira H. 2012. Growth rate and ring width variability of teak, Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae) in an unmanaged forest in East Timor. Revista de Biologia Tropical. 60(1): 83-94
Sugiyono. 2013. Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. CV Alfabeta, Bandung
Marwati. 2011. Inferior wood dominates plantation forest’s products. https://ugm.ac.id
Supriono B, Setyaningsih L. 2012. Growth of superior teak plant nusantara with agroforestry pattern at five years old. Jurnal Sains Natural Universitas Nusa Bangsa Vol. 2 (2) :179 – 185
Tardieu F, Parent B, Caldeira CF, Welcker C. 2014. Genetic and Physiological Controls of Growth under Water Deficit. Plant Physiology Journal 164(4): 1628–1635
Toledo M, Poorter L, Claros M, Alarcón A, Balcazar J, Leano C, Licona JC, Llanque O, Vrooman V, Zuidema P, Bongers F. 2011. Climate is a stronger driver of tree and forest growth rates than soil and disturbance. Journal of Ecology 99: 254–264
Thulasidas P, Bailleres H. 2017. Wood quality for advanced uses of teak from natural and planted forests. IUFRO World Series 36: 73-81
Wahyudi I, Arifien AF. 2005. Perbandingan struktur anatomis, sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis kayu jati unggul dan kayu jati konvensional. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis 3 (2): 53-59.
Weiman NC. 2010. Characteristics and availability of commercially important woods. In Wood Handbook: Wood as an engineering material. Centennial Edition. Forest Products Laboratory. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. Madison, Wisconsin
Widiatmaka W, Mediranto A, Widjaja H. 2015. Karakteristik, klasifikasi tanah, dan pertumbuhan tanaman jati (Tectona grandis Linn f.) Var. Unggul Nusantara Di Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan 5 (1): 87-97.
Yulianti AD, Wahyudi I, Siregar IZ, Pari G. 2011. Wood quality of clones teak with different planting distance. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis 9(1): 93-100
Zahabu E, Raphael T, Chamshama SAO, Iddi S, Malimbwi RE. 2015. Effect of spacing regimes on growth, yield, and wood properties of Tectona grandis at Longuza Forest Plantation, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/469760
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- RINI HANDAYANI, JOKO SULISTYO, RITA DWI RAHAYU, Extraction of Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera L.) through Fermentation System , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 10 No. 3 (2009)
- AMILDA AURI, ENY FARIDAH, SUMARDI, SURYO HARDIWINOTO, The effect of crown pruning and induction of Acremonium sp. on agarwood formation in Gyrinops caudata in West Papua, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
- SRI RAHAYU PRASTYANINGSIH, SURYO HARDIWINOTO, MUSYAFA, CAHYONO AGUS DWI KORANTO, Diversity of termites (Isoptera) on industrial forest plantation of Eucalyptus pellita stands of tropical ecosystem in Riau, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
- FRANCISCUS XAVERIUS SUSILO, INDRIYATI INDRIYATI, SURYO HARDIWINOTO, Diversity and Abundance of Beetle (Coleoptera) Functional Groups in a Range of Land Use System in Jambi, Sumatra , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 10 No. 4 (2009)
- SURYO HARDIWINOTO, FIQRI ARDIANSYAH, WIDIYATNO, Application of selected teak clone and organic fertilizer to accelerate rehabilitation of lowland forest in Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
- RINI HANDAYANI, JOKO SULISTYO, Synthesis of flavonoid-α-glicoside through transglycosylation by enzyme and its activities as antioxidant , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
- YATI SUDARYATI SOEKA, JOKO SULISTYO, ELIDAR NAIOLA, Biochemical analysis of extracting fermented coconut oil , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 9 No. 2 (2008)
- RINI HANDAYANI, JOKO SULISTYO, Lipase Application of lipase technology for transesterification of fatty acid ester , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 6 No. 3 (2005)
- RIKA BELA RAHMAWATI, WIDIYATNO WIDIYATNO, SURYO HARDIWINOTO, BUDIADI BUDIADI, WIDYANTO DWI NUGROHO, ARIS WIBOWO, DIAN RODIANA, Effect of spacing on growth, carbon sequestration, and wood quality of 8-year-old clonal teak plantation for sustainable forest teak management in Java Monsoon Forest, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)