The dynamics of the plankton community on Lake Siombak, a tropical tidal lake in North Sumatra, Indonesia
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Abstract. Muhtadi A, Pulungan A, Nurmaiyah, Fadlhin A, Melati P, Sinaga RZ, Uliya R, Rizki M, Rohim N, Ifanda D, Leidonald R, Wahyuningsih H, Hasani Q. 2020. The dynamics of the plankton community on Lake Siombak, a tropical tidal lake in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3707-3719. The tidal lake is a very dynamic estuary ecosystem and very vulnerable to environmental stresses and disturbances. Plankton is an aquatic organism that is very easily affected by environmental pressures and disturbances. This study aimed to reveal the phenomenon of plankton dynamics in tropical tidal lakes in Indonesia. The study was conducted at Siombak Lake from September 2018 to August 2019. Data were collected at high and low tides every month during the full month. The data analysis included plankton abundance, diversity index, and the relationship between water quality and plankton with PCA and succession analysis. The results showed that in Siombak Lake was found 66 genera which consisted of 54 phytoplankton genera and 12 zooplankton genera. Plankton abundance is higher in parts of the lake (stations 1-8) than in the river (stations 9-11) at both high and low tide. Temporally it shows that plankton abundance is higher in the rainy season (Feb-Aug, outside May) than in the rainy season (Sep-Jan, and May). Spatially, plankton in Siombak Lake at high tide is more influenced by TSS, phosphate, and salinity, while at low tide, it is influenced by TSS, Water transparency, BOD, silicate, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Temporally, plankton in Siombak Lake at high tide is more influenced by salinity, conductivity, Debit, TSS, and salinity, while at low tide, it is influenced by salinity, conductivity, turbidity, TSS, TDS, DO, BOD, and COD. Based on the plankton Frontier succession graph, it shows that Siombak Lake is included in stage 1 and stage 2. Stage 1 occurs before the rainy season (August-September) and the peak of the dry season (March-April).
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Medina-Gómez I, Kjerfve B, Mariño I, Herrera-Silveira J. 2014. Sources of Salinity Variation in a Coastal Lagoon in a Karst Landscape. Estuaries and Coasts 37: 1329–1342. DOI 10.1007/s12237-014-9774-9
Mentzafou A and Dimitriou E. 2019. Nitrogen loading and natural pressures on the water quality of a shallow Mediterranean lake. Science of the Total Environment 646 (2019) 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.249
Mirón MIBD, Castellanos-Páez ME, Garza-Mouriño G, Ferrara-Guerrero MJ, Pagano M. 2014. Spatiotemporal variations of zooplankton community in a shallow tropical brackish lagoon (Sontecomapan, Veracruz, Mexico). Theoretical Chemistry Accounts 53(1) : 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40555-014-0059-6
Muhtadi A, Yunasfi, Rais FF, Azmi N, Ariska, D. 2015. Biological community structure of Danau Pondok Lapan Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province. Acta Aquatica 2(2) : 83–89. https://doi.org/10.29103/aa.v1i1.299
Muhtadi A, Yunasfi, Leidonald R, Sandy SD, Junaidy A, Daulay AT. 2016. Limnological Status of Lake Siombak, Medan, North Sumatra. Oseanologi Dan Limnologi Di Indonesia, 1(1): 39–55. https://doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2016.v1i1.16
Muhtadi A, Harahap ZA, Leidonald R. 2017a. Morphometry dynamical of siombak lake, Medan Indonesia. Omni akuatika 13 (2) : 48-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2017.13.2.174
Muhtadi A, Dhuha OR, Desrita, Siregar T, Muammar M. 2017b. Habitat conditions and diversity of necton in catchman area of Batangtoru river, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. Depik 6(2) : 90–99. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.6.2.5982
Muhtadi A, Yulianda F, Boer M, Krisanti M, Ramadya A, Santoso. 2020. Hydrodynamics of Tropical Tidal Lake Waters , Lake Siombak , Medan Indonesia. ACCL Bioflux, (in press).
Mukherjee M, Suresh VR, Manna RK. 2018. Microplankton dynamics of a coastal lagoon, Chilika: interactive effect of environmental parameters on microplankton groups. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190 (11) : 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7049-9
Nassar MZA, and Gharib SM. 2014. Spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton composition in Burullus Lagoon, Southern Mediterranean Coast, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 40 (2) : 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2014.06.004
Obolewski K, Gli?ska-Lewczuk K, B?kowska M, Szyma?ska M, Mrozi?ska N. 2018. Patterns of phytoplankton composition in coastal lakes differed by connectivity with the Baltic Sea. Science of the Total Environment 631–632 : 951–961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.112
Odum EP, and Barrett GW. 2005. Fundamental of Ecology (5th ed.). Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
Onyema IC. 2008. A checklist of phytoplankton species of the Iyagbe Lagoon, Lagos. Fisheries and Aquatic Science 3(3) : 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120220
Öterler B. 2018. Daily Vertical Variation in Phytoplankton Composition of a Drinking Water Reservoir (Kadiköy ReservoirEdi?rne) During Su-mmer Stratification. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 19 (1) : 21–31. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.356711
Paturej E, Gutkowska A, Kosza?ka J, Bowszys M. 2017. Effect of physicochemical parameters on zooplankton in the brackish, coastal Vistula Lagoon. Oceanologia, 59 (1): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceano.2016.08.001
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