First chromosome analysis of Thai pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866)
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Abstract. Pissaparn M, Phimphan S, Chaiyasan P, Tanoamtong A, Liehr T, Suwannapoom C, Reungsing M, Supiwong W. 2020. First chromosome analysis of Thai pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866). Biodiversitas 21: 4309-4316. Here first analysis of chromosomes and nucleolar organizer region (NOR) pattern in pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866) was undertaken. Chromosomal preparations were obtained from kidney of P. cochinchinensis from Chi River basin in Thailand. Chromosomal characteristics were analyzed by Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using microsatellites d(CA)15 and d(CGG)10 probes. P. cochinchinensis had 2n = 40 with the fundamental number (NF) 74, both in male and female. The karyotype exhibited 12 metacentric (m), 10 submetacentric (sm), 12 acrocentric (a) and 6 telocentric (t) chromosomes. No differentiated heteromorphic sex chromosomes were observed. NORs were located on short arms adjacent to telomere of the metacentric chromosome pair 4, which coincide with signals of d(CGG)10 probe. FISH with d(CGG)10 sequences were also displayed at the telomeres of most other chromosomes, whereas d(CA)15 repeats highly accumulated throughout almost all entire chromosomes except for centromeric regions. The results of conventional Giemsa staining presented the differentiation even the same genus. The localization of NORs on one pair of chromosomes only is a common characteristic found in many fish groups as well as other vertebrates. Mapping of two distinct microsatellites demonstrated the remarkable chromosomal diversification that characterizes evolution in the genus Pao. Both, conventional and molecular cytogenetics are excellent tools to study, and better understand chromosomal evolution, as well as to uncover biodiversity among fishes.
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References
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Brum MJI, Oliveira CC, Galetti Jr PM. 1995. Cytogenetic studies of two puffer species (Sphoeroides, Tetraodontidae) from Rio de Janeiro Coast, Brazil. Cytologia 60: 369-374.
Choudhury RC, Prasad R, Das CC. 1982. Karyological studies in five tetraodontiform fishes from the Indian Ocean. Copeia 1982: 728-732.
Cioffi MB, Bertollo LAC. 2012. Distribution and evolution of repetitive DNAs in fish. In: Garrido- Ramos MA (ed) Repetitive DNA Karger Genome Dyn 7: 197-221.
Cioffi MB, Bertollo LAC, Villa MA, Oliveira EA, Tanomtong A, Yano CF, Supiwong W, Chaveerach A. 2015. Genomic organization of repetitive DNA elements and its implications for the chromosomal evolution of channid fishes (Actinopterygii, Perciformes). PLOS ONE 12: 1-13 http://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130199
Cioffi MB, Kejnovsky E, Bertollo LAC. 2011. The chromosomal distribution of microsatellite repeats in the wolf fish genome Hoplias malabaricus, focusing on the sex chromosomes. Cytogenet Genome Res 132: 289-96.
Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, Van der Laan R. 2017. Catalog of Fishes. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp
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Hardie DC, Hebert PDN. 2003. The nucleotypic effects of cellular DNA content in cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes. Genome 46: 683-706.
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Kubat Z, Hobza R, Vyskot B, Kejnovsky E. 2008. Microsatellite accumulation in the Y chromosome of Silene latifolia. Genome 51: 350-356.
Lakra WS, Rishi KK. 1991. Chromosomes of Indian fishes: an annotated list. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 61: 342-349.
Mabuchi K, Arai R, Nishida M. 2002. Karyotypes and nuclear DNA contents of two Pseudolabrus species from the southern coast of Japan. Japan Journal of Ichthyology 49: 87-95.
Maneechot N, Yano CF, Bertollo LAC, Getlekha N, Molina WF, Ditcharoen S. 2016. Genomic organization of repetitive DNAs highlights chromosomal evolution in the genus Clarias (Clariidae, Siluriformes). Molecular Cytogenetics 9: 4
Martinez AP, Araujo CW, Molina FW. 2010. Derived cytogenetic traits, multiple NORs and B chromosomes in the compact karyotype of Canthigaster figueiredoi (Tetraodontiformes). Marine Genomics 3: 85-89.
Miyaki K, Tabeta O, Kayano H. 1995. Karyotypes in six species of pufferfishes genus Takifugu (Tetraodontidae, Tetraodontiformes). Fish Sci 61: 594-598.
Ojima Y, Yamamoto K. 1990. Cellular DNA contents of fishes determined by flow cytometry. La Kromosom II 57: 1871-1888.
Pinkel D, Straume T, Gray J. 1986. Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative, high sensitivity, ?uorescence hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 2934-2938.
Rao SR, Trivedi S, Emmanue D, Merita K, Hynniewta M. 2010. DNA repetitive sequences–types, distribution and function: A review. Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology 7 (2) & 8 (1): 1-11.
Saenjundaeng P, Cioffi M de B, Oliveira EA, Tanomtong A, Supiwong W, Phimphan S, Collares-Pereira MJ, Sember A, Bertollo LAC, Liehr T, Yano CF, Hatanaka T, Ráb P. 2018. Chromosomes of Asian cyprinid fishes: cytogenetic analysis of two representatives of small paleotetraploid tribe Probarbini. Molecular Cytogenetics 11: 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13039-018-0399-8
Sá-Gabriel LG, Molina WF. 2005. Karyotype diversification in fishes of the Balistidae, Diodontidae and Tetraodontidae (Tetraodontiformes). Caryologia 58: 229-237.
Sangpakdee W. 2013. Karyotype and Idiogram of Longhorn Cowfish (Lactoria cornuta Linnaeus, 1758) by Conventional Stainingand Ag-NORs Banding Techniques. Journal of Fisheries Technology Research 7 (1): 70-78. [Thai]
Supiwong W, Jiwyam W, Sreeputhorn K, Maneechot N, Bertollo LAC, Cioffi MB, Getlekha N, Tanomtong A. 2017. First reports on classical and molecular cytogenetics of archerfish, Toxotes chatareus (Perciformes: Toxotidae). Nucleus 60 (3): 3493–359. http://doi10.1007/s13237-017-0216-5
Supiwong W, Liehr T, Cioffi MB, Chaveerach A, Kosyakova N, Pinthong K, Tanee T, Tanomtong A. 2013a. Karyotype description and cytogenetic mapping of 9 classes of repetitive DNAs on the Thailand catfish Mystus bocourti. Molecular Cytogenetics 6: 51.
Supiwong W, Liehr T, Cioffi MB, Chaveerach A, Kosyakova N, Fan X, Tanee T, Tanomtong A. 2014a. Comparative cytogenetic mapping of rRNA genes among naked catfishes: Implications for genomic evolution in the Bagridae family. Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (4): 9533-9542.
Supiwong W, Liehr T, Cioffi MB, Chaveerach A, Kosyakova N, Pinthong K, Tanee T, Tanomtong A. 2014b. Chromosomal evolution in naked catfishes (Bagridae, Siluriformes). A comparative chromosome mapping study. Zoologischer Anzeiger 253: 316-320.
Supiwong W, Tanomtong A, Chaveerach A, Tanee T, Khakhong S, Sanoamuang L. 2013b. Interpopulational variation of NOR positions and karyotypic analysis of Siamese catfish (Pseudomystus siamensis) in Thailand. Cytologia 78 (2): 25-34.
Supiwong W, Tanomtong A, Jumrusthanasan S, Khakhong S, Leelarasamee K, Sanoamuang L. 2012. A first karyotype analysis and chromosomal characteristic of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the common sheathfish, Micronema apogon (Siluriformes, Siluridae) in Thailand. Cytologia 77 (1): 53-58.
Vanzela ALL, Swarça AC, Dias AL, Stolf R, Ruas PM, Ruas CF, Sbalqueiro IJ, Giuliano-Caetano L. 2002. Differential distribution of (GA)9+C microsatellite on chromosomes of some animal and plant species. Cytologia 67: 9-13.
Vinogradov AE. 1998. Genome size and GC-percent in vertebrates as determined by flow cytometry: the triangular relationship. Cytometry 31: 100-109.
Wang JX, Zhao XF. 1993. Chromosome study of three species of tetraodontiform fishes. Zoological Research 14: 345-346. [Chinese]
Zhao XF, Wang JX, Yang Q, Zhang JL. 1994. Karyotype analysis of five species of marine fishes. Zoological Research 15: 103-106. [Chinese with English abstract]
Arai R. 1983. Karyological and osteological approach to phylogenetic systematics of tetraodontiform fishes. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo (A) 9: 175-210.
Arai R, Nagaiwa K. 1976. Chromosomes of tetraodontiform fishes from Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo (A) 2: 59-72.
Brum MJI. 2000. Cytogenetic studies in tetraodontiforms Sphoeroides tyleri (Tetraodontidae) and Chilomycterus spinosus (Diodontidae) from Rio de Janeiro Coast, Brazil. Chromatographic Science 4: 103-105.
Brum MJI, Oliveira CC, Galetti Jr PM. 1995. Cytogenetic studies of two puffer species (Sphoeroides, Tetraodontidae) from Rio de Janeiro Coast, Brazil. Cytologia 60: 369-374.
Choudhury RC, Prasad R, Das CC. 1982. Karyological studies in five tetraodontiform fishes from the Indian Ocean. Copeia 1982: 728-732.
Cioffi MB, Bertollo LAC. 2012. Distribution and evolution of repetitive DNAs in fish. In: Garrido- Ramos MA (ed) Repetitive DNA Karger Genome Dyn 7: 197-221.
Cioffi MB, Bertollo LAC, Villa MA, Oliveira EA, Tanomtong A, Yano CF, Supiwong W, Chaveerach A. 2015. Genomic organization of repetitive DNA elements and its implications for the chromosomal evolution of channid fishes (Actinopterygii, Perciformes). PLOS ONE 12: 1-13 http://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130199
Cioffi MB, Kejnovsky E, Bertollo LAC. 2011. The chromosomal distribution of microsatellite repeats in the wolf fish genome Hoplias malabaricus, focusing on the sex chromosomes. Cytogenet Genome Res 132: 289-96.
Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, Van der Laan R. 2017. Catalog of Fishes. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp
Fischer C, Ozouf-Costaz C, Crollius HR, Dasilva C, Jailon O, Bonillo C, Weissenbach J, Bernot H. 2000. Karyotype and chromosome location of characteristic tandem repeats in the pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis. Cytogent Cell Genet 88: 50-55.
Gregory TR. 2008. Animal genome size database. http://www.genomesize.com
Hirata J, Urushido T. 2000. Karyotypes and DNA contents in Osteoglossiformes fishes. Science Report of the Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology 9: 83-90. [Japanese with English abstract]
Hardie DC, Hebert PDN. 2003. The nucleotypic effects of cellular DNA content in cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes. Genome 46: 683-706.
Hinegardner R, Rosen DE. 1972. Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Amer Natur 106: 621-644.
Kottelat M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 27: 1-663.
Kubat Z, Hobza R, Vyskot B, Kejnovsky E. 2008. Microsatellite accumulation in the Y chromosome of Silene latifolia. Genome 51: 350-356.
Lakra WS, Rishi KK. 1991. Chromosomes of Indian fishes: an annotated list. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 61: 342-349.
Mabuchi K, Arai R, Nishida M. 2002. Karyotypes and nuclear DNA contents of two Pseudolabrus species from the southern coast of Japan. Japan Journal of Ichthyology 49: 87-95.
Maneechot N, Yano CF, Bertollo LAC, Getlekha N, Molina WF, Ditcharoen S. 2016. Genomic organization of repetitive DNAs highlights chromosomal evolution in the genus Clarias (Clariidae, Siluriformes). Molecular Cytogenetics 9: 4
Martinez AP, Araujo CW, Molina FW. 2010. Derived cytogenetic traits, multiple NORs and B chromosomes in the compact karyotype of Canthigaster figueiredoi (Tetraodontiformes). Marine Genomics 3: 85-89.
Miyaki K, Tabeta O, Kayano H. 1995. Karyotypes in six species of pufferfishes genus Takifugu (Tetraodontidae, Tetraodontiformes). Fish Sci 61: 594-598.
Ojima Y, Yamamoto K. 1990. Cellular DNA contents of fishes determined by flow cytometry. La Kromosom II 57: 1871-1888.
Pinkel D, Straume T, Gray J. 1986. Cytogenetic analysis using quantitative, high sensitivity, ?uorescence hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 2934-2938.
Rao SR, Trivedi S, Emmanue D, Merita K, Hynniewta M. 2010. DNA repetitive sequences–types, distribution and function: A review. Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology 7 (2) & 8 (1): 1-11.
Saenjundaeng P, Cioffi M de B, Oliveira EA, Tanomtong A, Supiwong W, Phimphan S, Collares-Pereira MJ, Sember A, Bertollo LAC, Liehr T, Yano CF, Hatanaka T, Ráb P. 2018. Chromosomes of Asian cyprinid fishes: cytogenetic analysis of two representatives of small paleotetraploid tribe Probarbini. Molecular Cytogenetics 11: 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13039-018-0399-8
Sá-Gabriel LG, Molina WF. 2005. Karyotype diversification in fishes of the Balistidae, Diodontidae and Tetraodontidae (Tetraodontiformes). Caryologia 58: 229-237.
Sangpakdee W. 2013. Karyotype and Idiogram of Longhorn Cowfish (Lactoria cornuta Linnaeus, 1758) by Conventional Stainingand Ag-NORs Banding Techniques. Journal of Fisheries Technology Research 7 (1): 70-78. [Thai]
Supiwong W, Jiwyam W, Sreeputhorn K, Maneechot N, Bertollo LAC, Cioffi MB, Getlekha N, Tanomtong A. 2017. First reports on classical and molecular cytogenetics of archerfish, Toxotes chatareus (Perciformes: Toxotidae). Nucleus 60 (3): 3493–359. http://doi10.1007/s13237-017-0216-5
Supiwong W, Liehr T, Cioffi MB, Chaveerach A, Kosyakova N, Pinthong K, Tanee T, Tanomtong A. 2013a. Karyotype description and cytogenetic mapping of 9 classes of repetitive DNAs on the Thailand catfish Mystus bocourti. Molecular Cytogenetics 6: 51.
Supiwong W, Liehr T, Cioffi MB, Chaveerach A, Kosyakova N, Fan X, Tanee T, Tanomtong A. 2014a. Comparative cytogenetic mapping of rRNA genes among naked catfishes: Implications for genomic evolution in the Bagridae family. Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (4): 9533-9542.
Supiwong W, Liehr T, Cioffi MB, Chaveerach A, Kosyakova N, Pinthong K, Tanee T, Tanomtong A. 2014b. Chromosomal evolution in naked catfishes (Bagridae, Siluriformes). A comparative chromosome mapping study. Zoologischer Anzeiger 253: 316-320.
Supiwong W, Tanomtong A, Chaveerach A, Tanee T, Khakhong S, Sanoamuang L. 2013b. Interpopulational variation of NOR positions and karyotypic analysis of Siamese catfish (Pseudomystus siamensis) in Thailand. Cytologia 78 (2): 25-34.
Supiwong W, Tanomtong A, Jumrusthanasan S, Khakhong S, Leelarasamee K, Sanoamuang L. 2012. A first karyotype analysis and chromosomal characteristic of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the common sheathfish, Micronema apogon (Siluriformes, Siluridae) in Thailand. Cytologia 77 (1): 53-58.
Vanzela ALL, Swarça AC, Dias AL, Stolf R, Ruas PM, Ruas CF, Sbalqueiro IJ, Giuliano-Caetano L. 2002. Differential distribution of (GA)9+C microsatellite on chromosomes of some animal and plant species. Cytologia 67: 9-13.
Vinogradov AE. 1998. Genome size and GC-percent in vertebrates as determined by flow cytometry: the triangular relationship. Cytometry 31: 100-109.
Wang JX, Zhao XF. 1993. Chromosome study of three species of tetraodontiform fishes. Zoological Research 14: 345-346. [Chinese]
Zhao XF, Wang JX, Yang Q, Zhang JL. 1994. Karyotype analysis of five species of marine fishes. Zoological Research 15: 103-106. [Chinese with English abstract]
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