Identification of bioactive compounds and encapsulation of bee bread from Heterotrigona itama using a spray dryer with its antioxidant activity
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Sari E, Wardhani DAS, Agustina V, Agussalim, Hakim L, Wulandari R, Wibowo NA, Chua LS. 2024. Identification of bioactive compounds and encapsulation of bee bread from Heterotrigona itama using a spray dryer with its antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 25: 2857-2865. Stingless bee produces honey, propolis, and bee bread. Bee bread is known to have a high antioxidant. This study uses a spray dryer and its antioxidant activity, phytochemical, and bioactive compounds; therefore, it aims to encapsulate bee bread from Heterotrigona itama Cockerell 1918. The encapsulation of bee bread used several encapsulants, such as starch, lactose, and maltodextrin, in several formulas. The physical characterization was performed by analysis of hygroscopic properties by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and DPPH antioxidant. The results showed that bee bread contains bioactive compounds, such as saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, quinones, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and ninhydrin. The best encapsulant was a combination of starch and lactose with the formula 50:50 (% w/w), which has low hygroscopic properties. SEM analysis shows that bee bread does not bond well with filler at a 10.817 to 20.244 µm diameter. XRD analysis obtained a product crystallinity level of 71.0819%. FTIR analysis shows that bee bread has the most complex functional group, which was characterized by the presence of a wave at the point of 1,115.68 cm-1, which indicates the presence of a group (C?O?C) that shows the spectrum of flavonoid group compounds with antioxidant activity of 588.402 ppm.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Agus A, Agussalim, Nurliyani, Umami N, Budisatria IGS. 2019a. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid and Vitamin C content of several honeys produced by the Indonesian stingless bee: Tetragonula laeviceps. Livest Res Rural Dev 31 (10): 152. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd31/10/aguss31152.html.
Agus A, Agussalim, Sahlan M, Sabir A. 2021. Honey sugars profile of stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Meliponinae). Biodiversitas 22 (11): 5205-5210. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221159.
Agus A, Agussalim, Nurliyani, Umami N, Budisatria IGS. 2019b. Effect of different beehives size and daily activity of stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps on bee-pollen production. Buletin Peternakan 43 (4): 242-246. DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v43i4.47865.
Agussalim, Agus A. 2022. Production of honey, pot-pollen and propolis production from Indonesian stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps and the physicochemical properties of honey: A review. Livest Res Rural Dev 34 (8): 66. https://www.lrrd.org/lrrd34/8/3466alia.html.
Agussalim, Agus A, Nurliyani, Umami N. 2019. The sugar content profile of honey produced by the Indonesian Stingless bee, Tetragonula laeviceps, from different regions. Livest Res Rural Dev 31 (6): 91. https://www.lrrd.org/lrrd31/6/aguss31091.html.
Agussalim, Agus A, Nurliyani, Umami N, Budisatria IGS. 2019b. Physicochemical properties of honey produced by the Indonesian stingless bee: Tetragonula laeviceps. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 387 (1): 012084. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/387/1/012084
Agussalim, Agus A, Umami N, Budisatria IGS. 2018. The type of honeybees forages in district of Pakem Sleman and Nglipar Gunungkidul Yogyakarta. Buletin Peternakan 42 (1): 50-56. DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v42i1.28294.
Agussalim, Agus A, Umami N, Budisatria IGS. 2017. Variation of honeybees forages as source of nectar and pollen based on altitude in Yogyakarta. Buletin Peternakan 41 (4): 448-460. DOI: 10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i4.13593.
Agussalim, Nurliyani, Umami N, Agus A. 2020. The honey and propolis production from Indonesian stingless bee: Tetragonula laeviceps. Livest Res Rural Dev 32 (8): 121. https://www.lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd32/8/agus32121.html.
Agussalim, Sabir A, Sahlan M, Agus A. 2023. Evaluation of stingless bee honey quality (Tetragonula laeviceps) based on their physicochemical from different origins. Biodiversitas 24 (4): 2134-2142. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240424.
Agussalim, Umami N, Nurliyani, Agus A. 2022. Stingless bee honey (Tetragonula laeviceps): Chemical composition and their potential roles as an immunomodulator in malnourished rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 29 (10): 103404. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103404.
Agussalim, Umami N, Nurliyani, Agus A. 2021. The physicochemical composition of honey from Indonesian stingless bee (Tetragonula laeviceps). Biodiversitas 22 (8): 3257-3263. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220820.
Anugrah SM, Kusnanik NW, Wahjuni ES, Zubaida I, Triprayogo R, Dhani PD, Resmana D, Ayubi N, Sari E, Mulyawan R. 2024. Investigating the impact of varied dosages of royal jelly consumption on creatine kinase and Interleukin-6 levels post high-intensity resistance training. Retos 55: 428-435.
AOAC.2005. Official Method of Association of Official Analytical Chemist. 18th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington D.C.
Bakour M, Laaroussi H, Ousaaid D, El Ghouizi A, Es-Safi I, Mechchate H, Lyoussi B. 2022. Bee bread as a promising source of bioactive molecules and functional properties: An up-to-date review. Antibiotics 11: 203. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020203.
Barta, D.G., Cornea-Cipcigan, M., Margaoan, R., Vodnar, D.C., 2022. Biotechnologicalprocesses simulating the natural fermentation process of bee bread and therapeutic properties – An overview. Front Nutr 9: 871896. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871896.
Belina-Aldemita M.D, Opper C, Schreiner M, D’Amico S. 2019. Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidative potential of pot-pollen produced by stingless bees (Tetragonula biroi Friese) from the Philippines. J Food Biochem 82: 103215. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13102
Bogdanov S. 2017. Pollen: Production, nutrition and health: A Review. www.bee-hexagon.net. pp. 1-36.
Castiglioni S, Astolfi P, Conti C, Monaci E, Stefano M, Carloni P. 2019. Morphological, physicochemical and FTIR spectroscopic properties of bee pollen loads from different botanical origin. Molecules 24: 3974. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213974.
Chegini GR, Ghobadian B. 2005. Effect of spray-drying conditions on physical properties of orange juice powder. Dry Technol 23 (3): 657-668. DOI: 10.1081/DRT-200054161.
Chuttong B, Phongphisutthinant R, Sringarm K, Burgett M, Barth OM. 2018. Nutritional composition of pot-pollen from four species of stingless bees (Meliponini) in Southeast Asia. In: Vit P, Pedro SRM, Roubik DW. (Eds.), Pot-Pollen in Stingless Bee Melittology. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 313-324. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61839-5_22.
Dewi LK, Sahlan M, Pratami DK, Agus A, Agussalim, SabirA. 2021. Identifying propolis compounds potential to be Covid-19 therapies by targeting sars-cov-2 main protease. Intl J Appl Pharm 13 (Special issue 2): 103-110. DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s2.20.
Du Y, Feng M, Wang Y-N, Cheng L, Wang M, Zhao C-J. 2014. Simultaneous determination of reserpine, yohimbine and ajmalicine in the extract of rauvolfia rootstocks, branches and leaves by HPLC. Asian J Chem 26 (21): 7245-7248. DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2014.16584.
Erwan, Agussalim. 2022. Honey quality from the bee Apis cerana, honey potency produced by coconut and sugar palm saps. Biodiversitas 23 (11): 5854-5861. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231139.
Erwan, Astuti M, Syamsuhaidi, Muhsinin M, Agussalim. 2020. The effect of different beehives on the activity of foragers, honey pots number and honey production from stingless bee Tetragonula sp. Livest Res Rural Dev 32 (10): 158. https://www.lrrd.org/lrrd32/10/apise32158.html.
Erwan, Habiburrohman, Wiryawan IKG, Muhsinin M, Supeno B, Agussalim. 2023. Comparison of productivity from three stingless bees: Tetragonula sapiens, T. clypearis and T. biroi managed under same feed sources for meliponiculture. Biodiversitas 24 (5): 2988-2994. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240553.
Erwan, Muhsinin M, Agussalim. 2021a. Enhancing honey and bee bread cells number from Indonesian honeybee Apis cerana by feeding modification. Livest Res Rural Dev 33 (10): 121. https://www.lrrd.org/lrrd33/10/33121apist.html.
Erwan, Suhardin, Syamsuhaidi, Purnamasari D K, Muhsinin M, Agussalim. 2021. Propolis mixture production and foragers daily activity of stingless bee Tetragonula sp. in bamboo and box hives. Livest Res Rural Dev 33 (6): 82. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd33/6/3382apis.html.
Erwan, Supeno B, Agussalim. 2022. Improving the productivity of local honeybee (Apis cerana) by using feeds coconut sap and sugar palm (sap and pollen) in West Lombok, Indonesia. Livest Res Rural Dev 34 (4): 25. https://lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd34/4/3425apis.html.
Fan Q, Chen C, Lin Y, Zhang C, Liu B, Zhao S. 2013. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for discrimination of Rhizoma gastrodiae (Tianma) from different producing areas. J Mol Struct 1051: 66-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.07.039.
Fiana N, Oktaria D. 2016. The effect of saponin in mahkota dewa mesocarp fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) to decrease blood glucose levels. Majority 5 (4): 128-132.
Ibrahim N, Zakaria AJ, Ismail Z, Ahmad Y, Mohd KS. 2018. Application of GCMS and FTIR fingerprinting in discriminating two species of Malaysian stingless bees propolis. Int J Eng Technol 7 (4): 106-112.
Indonesia Health Ministry, 2018. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Jakarta.
Isopescu RD, Spulber R, Josceanu AM, Mihaiescu DE, Popa O. 2020. Romanian bee pollen classification and property modelling. J Apic Res 59 (4): 443-451. DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2019.1708594.
Jeong S, Jeon Y, Mun J, Jeong SM, Liang H, Chung K, Yi PI, An BS, Seo S. 2023. Ninhydrin loaded microcapsules for detection of natural free amino acid. Chemosensors 11: 49. DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11010049.
Kalayc?o?lu Z, Kaygusuz H, Döker S, Kolayl? S, Erim FB. 2017. Characterization of Turkish honeybee pollens by principal component analysis based on their individual organic acids, sugars, minerals, and antioxidant activities. LWT - Food Sci Technol 84: 402-408. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.06.003.
Khalifa SAM, Elashal MH, Yosri N, Du M, Musharraf SG, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Guo Z, Cao W, Zou X, Abd El-Wahed AA, Xiao J, Omar HA, Hegazy MEF, El-Seedi HR. 2021. Bee pollen: Current status and therapeutic potential. Nutrients 13: 1876. DOI: 10.3390/nu13061876.
Khutami C, Sumiwi SA, Ikram NKK, Muchtaridi M. 2022. The effects of antioxidants from natural products on obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes and their molecular signaling mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 23: 2056. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042056.
Liolios V, Tananaki C, Papaioannou A, Kanelis D, Rodopoulou M-A, Argena N. 2019. Mineral content in monofloral bee pollen: Investigation of the effect of the botanical and geographical origin. J Food Meas Charact 13: 1674-1682. DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00084-w.
Maqsoudlou A, Mahoonak AS, Mohebodini H, Koushki V. 2020. Stability and structural properties of bee pollen protein hydrolysate microencapsulated using maltodextrin and whey protein concentrate. Heliyon 6: e03731. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03731.
Masrukan, Mindhayani I. 2019. Nanoenkapsulation of specialty coffee oil with a variety of encipulations using the freeze drying method. Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian 12 (1): 47-53.
Mohammad SM, Mahmud-Ab-Rashid NK, Zawawi N. 2021. Stingless bee-collected pollen (bee bread): Chemical and microbiology properties and health benefits. Molecules 26: 957. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040957.
Molyneux P. 2004. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 26 (2): 211-219. DOI: 10.1287/isre.6.2.144.
Ningrum R, Purwanti E, Sukarsono. 2016. Alkaloid compound identification of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa stem as biology instructional material for senior high school X grade. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia 2 (3): 231-236.
Okoye EI, Onyekweli AO, Kunle OO. 2014. Lacagpregs-a group of novel multifunctional excipients: development and solid state characterization. West African J Pharm 25 (2): 54-75.
Pant K, Thakur M, Chopra HK, Nanda V. 2022. Encapsulated bee propolis powder: Drying process optimization and physicochemical characterization. LWT - Food Sci Technol 155: 112956. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112956.
Pavia DL, Lampman GM, Kriz GS. 2001. Introduction To Spectroscopy: A Guide For Students of Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed. Thomson Learning Inc. United States of America.
Pérez-Masiá R, López-Nicolás R, Periago MJ, Ros G, Lagaron JM, López-Rubio A. 2015. Encapsulation of folic acid in food hydrocolloids through nanospray drying and electrospraying for nutraceutical applications. Food Chem 168: 124-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.051
Petrakis EA, Polissiou MG. 2017. Assessing saffron (Crocus sativus L.) adulteration with plant-derived adulterants by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. Talanta 162: 558-566. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.072
Pitriyana, Widiyantoro A, Susanti R. 2017. Karakterisasi senyawa flavonoid dari fraksi etil asetat bunga nusa indah (Mussaenda erythrophylla) dan aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa 6 (2): 83-88.
Pratama MN, Agus A, Umami N, Agussalim, Purwanto H. 2023. Morphometric and molecular identification, domestication, and potentials of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in Mount Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24 (11): 6107-6118. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241132.
Rachmawati RD, Agus A, Umami N, Agussalim, Purwanto H. 2022. Diversity, distribution, and nest characteristics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23(8): 3890-3901. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230805
Rebelo KS, Ferreira AG, Carvalho-Zilse GA, 2016. Physicochemical characteristics of pollen collected by Amazonian stingless bees. Cienc. Rural 46 (5): 927-932. DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20150999.
Sabir A, Agus A, Sahlan M, Agussalim. 2021. The minerals content of honey from stingless bee Tetragonula laevicepsfrom different regions in Indonesia. Livest Res Rural Dev 33 (2): 22. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd33/2/aguss3322.html.
Sari E, Mahira KF, Patel DN, Chua LS, Pratami DK, Sahlan M. 2021. Metabolome analysis and chemical profiling of Indonesian royal jellies as the raw material for cosmetic and bio-supplement products. Heliyon 7: e06912. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06912.
Schuck P, Ouest A. 2011. Milk powder: Physical and functional properties of milk powders. In: Fuquay JW, Fox PF, McSweeney PLH (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Academic Press, San Diego, USA, pp. 117-124.
Siregar NS. 2014. Carbohydrate. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 13 (2): 38-44.
Subari N, Saleh JM, Shakaff AY, Zakaria A. 2012. A hybrid sensing approach for pure and adulterated honey classification. Sensors 12: 14022-14040. DOI: 10.3390/s121014022.
Supeno B, Erwan, Agussalim. 2022. The production of honey and pot-pollen from stingless bee Tetragonula clypearis and their contribution to increase the farmers income in West Lombok, Indonesia. Livest Res Rural Dev 34 (5): 42. https://www.lrrd.org/lrrd34/5/3442bsup.html.
Supeno B, Erwan, Agussalim.2021. Enhances production of coffee (Coffea robusta): The role of pollinator, forages potency, and honey production from Tetragonula sp. (Meliponinae) in central Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22:4687-4693. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221062.
Tan SP, Kha TC, Parks SE, Stathopoulos CE, Roach PD. 2015. Effects of the spray-drying temperatures on the physiochemical properties of an encapsulated bitter melon aqueous extract powder. Powder Technol 281: 65-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.04.074.
Thakur M, Nanda V. 2019. Process optimization of polyphenol-rich milk powder using beepollen based on physicochemical and functional properties. J Food Process Eng e13148. DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13148.
Vit P, Santiago B, Peña-Vera M, Pérez-Pérez E. 2018. Chemical characterization and bioactivity of Tetragonisca angustula pot-pollen from Mérida, Venezuela. In: Vit P, Pedro SRM, Roubik DW (Eds.). Pot-Pollen in Stingless Bee Melittology. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. pp. 339-347.
Wink M. 2015. Modes of action of herbal medicines and plant secondary metabolites. Medicines 2: 251-286. DOI: 10.3390/medicines2030251.
Zakaria AJ, Ismail Z, Ahmad Y, Mohd KS. 2018. Application of GCMS and FTIR fingerprinting in discriminating two species of Malaysian stingless bees propolis. Artic Int J Eng Technol 7 (4): 106-112.
Zhang L, Zhang G, Xu S, Song Y. 2021. Recent advances of quinones as a privileged structure in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 223: 113632. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113632.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- NENDYO ADHI WIBOWO, WIBOWO MANGUNWARDOYO, YASMAN, TRI JOKO SANTOSO, Effect of fermentation on sensory quality of Liberica coffee beans inoculated with bacteria from saliva Arctictis binturong Raffles, 1821 , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
- AGUSSALIM, NAFIATUL UMAMI, NURLIYANI, ALI AGUS, The physicochemical composition of honey from Indonesian stingless bee (Tetragonula laeviceps) , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
- BAMBANG SUPENO, ERWAN, AGUSSALIM, Enhances production of coffee (Coffea robusta): The role of pollinator, forages potency, and honey production from Tetragonula sp. (Meliponinae) in Central Lombok, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 10 (2021)
- ALI AGUS, AGUSSALIM, MUHAMAD SAHLAN, ARDO SABIR, Honey sugars profile of stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Meliponinae) , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
- REGINA DIAH RACHMAWATI, ALI AGUS, NAFIATUL UMAMI, AGUSSALIM, HARI PURWANTO, Diversity, distribution, and nest characteristics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
- ERWAN, HABIBURROHMAN, I KETUT GEDE WIRYAWAN, MUHAMMAD MUHSININ, BAMBANG SUPENO, AGUSSALIM, Comparison of productivity from three stingless bees: Tetragonula sapiens, T. clypearis and T. biroi managed under same feed sources for meliponiculture , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
- ERWAN, AGUSSALIM, Honey quality from the bee Apis cerana, honey potency produced by coconut and sugar palm saps , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
- AGUSSALIM, ARDO SABIR, MUHAMAD SAHLAN, ALI AGUS, Evaluation of stingless bee honey quality (Tetragonula laeviceps) based on their physicochemical from different origins , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
- DEWI MASYITHOH, INGGIT KENTJONOWATY, SURAYA MOHAMAD SALLEH, USTADI, AGUSSALIM, FIQIH SHOLINA NASTAIN, Evaluation of body weight and morphometric characteristics of the young queen of Apis cerana javana at different queen cup cell sizes , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)