Amphibian and reptile diversity of Peleng Island, Banggai Kepulauan, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Abstract. Riyanto A, Rahmadi C. 2021. Amphibian and reptile diversity of Peleng Island, Banggai Kepulauan, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2930-2939. Indonesia is an archipelagic country and is known as one of the world’s megadiverse countries and has three zoogeographic zones. Therefore, proper conservation efforts to face extinction threats are very important, and the fundamental steps to better understanding it’s biodiversity provide valuable baseline information. Amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna) are main biodiversity components that experience extinction threats but, at the same time, provide an important role in ecosystems and community life. This paper is the first to provide a checklist of the herpetofauna of Peleng Island, Banggai Kepulauan, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data was gathered by field surveys and supplemented by references. Visual Encounter Surveys (VES) were undertaken in 8 sites. A total of 34 species are listed herein, 29 (85%) of them revealed from this fieldwork, and 21 (62%) new for the island. At least two candidate new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus were confirmed by molecular data and one frog of the genus Kaloula also suspected new species.
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References
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Luu V, Bonkowski M, Nguyen T, Le M, Schneider N, Ngo H, Ziegler T. 2016. Evolution in karst massifs: cryptic diversity among bent-toed geckos along the Truong Son Range with descriptions of three new species and one new country record from Laos. Zootaxa 4107, 101–140. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.2.1.
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Oliver PM, Travers SL, Richmond JQ, Pikacha P, Fisher RN, 2018. At the end of the line: independent overwater colonizations of the Solomon Islands by a hyperdiverse trans-Wallacean lizard lineage (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkota: Squamata). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 182, 681–694. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx047.
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Putri AA, Fahri, Annawaty, Hamidy A. 2019. Ecological investigations and diversity of amphibians in Lake Kalimpa’a, Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. J Nat Hist 53(41–42): 2503–2516. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1705930.
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Alves RRN, Pereira Filho GA, Silva Vieira K, Souto WMS, Mendonças LET, Montenegro PFGP, Almeida WO, Vieira WLS. 2012b. A zoological catalogue of hunted reptiles in the semiarid region of Brazil. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 8(1): 27.
Alves RRN, Vieira KS, Santana GG, Vieira WLS, Almeida WO, Souto WMS,Montenegro PFGP, Pezzuti JCB. 2012c. A review on human attitudes towards reptiles in Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 184(11): 6877–6901.
Alves RRN, Silva VN, Trovão DMBM, Oliveira JV, Mourão JS, Dias TLP, Alves AGC, Lucena RFP, Barboza RDR, Montenegro PFGP, Washington LS Vieira WLS, Souto WMS. 2014. Students’ attitudes toward and knowledge about snakes in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 10:30
Burlibasa L, Gavrila L. 2011. Amphibians as model organisms for study environtmental genetoxicity. Appl. ecol. environ. res. 9(1): 1-15.
Burton, T. M., and G. E. Likens. 1975. Energy flow and nutrient cycling in salamander populations in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 56: 1068–1080.
Bosch HAJIN. 1985. Snake of Sulawesi: checklist, key, and additional biogeographical remarks. Zool Verh 217 (7): 1 – 50.
Boulenger GA. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. 2nd edition. Londong. Taylor and Francis.
Chanard T, Parr JWK, Nabhitabhata. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp.
Davis HR, Bauer AM, Jackman TR, Nashriq I, Das I. 2019. Uncovering karst endemism within Borneo: two new Cyrtodactylus species from Sarawak, Malaysia. Zootaxa 4614, 331–352. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4614.2.4.
De Lang R, Vogel G. 2005. The Snake of Sulawesi, A Field Guide to the land Snake of Sulawesi with Identification Keys. Edition Chaimaira.
Devi SR, Septiadi L, Erfanda MP et al. 2019. Struktur komunitas ordo anura di lokasi Wisata Bedengan, Desa Selorejo, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya 1 (2): 71-79. [Indonesian]
Dharmananda S. 1997. The medicinal use of snakes in China. Http://www.itmonline.org/arts/snakes.htm [accessed January ????].
Frost, Darrel R. 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1 (Date of access). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001
Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Thura MK, Oaks JR, Lin A. 2019. A new species of Benttoed Gecko (Squamata, Gekkonidae, Cyrtodactylus) from the Shan Plateau in eastern Myanmar (Burma). Zootaxa 4624, 301–321. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa. 4624.3.1.
Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Anuar S, Grismer MS, Quah E, Murdoch M, Muin M, Davis H, Puntriano C, Klabacka R, Cobos A, Aowphol A, Sites J, Jack. 2016. Two new Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex from Peninsular Malaysia and multiple instances of convergent adaptation to limestone forest ecosystems. Zootaxa 4105, 401–429. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4105.5.1.
Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Anuar S, Quah ESH, Muin MA, Mohamed M, Onn CK, Sumarli AX, Loredo AI, Heinz HM. 2014. The phylogenetic relationships of three new species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from poorly explored regions in northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 3786, 359–381. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3786.3.6.
Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Quah ESH, Muin MA, Sumontha M, Ahmad N, Bauer AM, Wangkulangkul S, Grismer JL, Pauwels OSG. 2012. A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa, 3520, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3520.1.1.
Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Thura MK, Zin T, Quah ESH, Murdoch ML, Grismer MS, Lin A, Kyaw H, Lwin N. 2018. Twelve new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from isolated limestone habitats in east-central and southern Myanmar demonstrate high localized diversity and unprecedented microendemism. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 182, 862–959. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx057.
Hamidy A, Munir M, Mumpuni, Rahmania M, Kholik AA. 2018. Detection of cryptic taxa in the genus Leptophryne (Fitzinger, 1843) (Amphibia; Bufonidae) and the description of a new species from Java, Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4450: 427–444.
Hasanah A, Supriatna, Indrawan M. 2020. Assessment of tropical forest degradation on a small island using the enhanced vegetation index. Earth and Environmental Science, 481: 012061. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/481/1/012061.
Koch A. 2011. F.E. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Sulawesi: Underestimated Diversity in a Dynamic EnvironmentZachos and J.C. Habel (eds.), Biodiversity Hotspots. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_20.
Koch A, Arida E, McGuire JA, Iskandar DT. 2009. A new species of Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae) similar to C. ceramensis de Rooij, 1913, from the Banggai Islands, east of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Zootaxa 2196: 19–30.
Köhler F, Schultze KJ, Günther R, Plötner J. 2008. On the genetic diversity in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of Platymantis frogs from Western New Guinea (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae). J Zool Syst and Evol Res 46: 177–185.
Linkem CW, Brown RM, Siler CD, Evans BJ, Austin CC, Iskandar DT, Diesmos AC, Supriatna J, Andayani N, McGuire JA. 2013. Stochastic faunal exchanges drive diversification in widespread Wallacean and Pacific island lizards (Squamata: Scincidae: Lamprolepis smaragdina). Journal of Biogeography. 40, 507–520. https://doi:10.1111/jbi.12022.
Luu V, Bonkowski M, Nguyen T, Le M, Schneider N, Ngo H, Ziegler T. 2016. Evolution in karst massifs: cryptic diversity among bent-toed geckos along the Truong Son Range with descriptions of three new species and one new country record from Laos. Zootaxa 4107, 101–140. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.2.1.
McLeod DS. 2010. Of Least Concern? Systematics of a cryptic species complex: Limnonectes kuhlii (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 56: 991–1000.
McGuire JA, Brown RM, Mumpuni, Riyanto A, Andayani N. 2007. The flying lizards of the Draco lineatus group (Squamata: Iguana: Agamidae): a taxonomic revision with description of two new species. Herpetoogical Monograph 21: 179–212.
Munir M, Hamidy A, Farajallah A, Smith EN. 2018. A New Megophrys Kuhl and Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from southwestern Sumatra, Indonesia. Zootaxa 4442 (3): 389–412. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.3.3
Munir M, Hamidy A, Matsui M, Iskandar DT, Sidik I, Shimada T. 2019. A new species of Megrophrys Kuhl & van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophyidae) from Borneo allied to M. nasuta (Schlegel, 1858). Zootaxa, 4679 (1): 001–024. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.1.
Munir M, Hamidy A, Matsui M, Kusrini MD, Nishikawa K. 2020. New Species of Micryletta (Amphibia: Anura) from Sumatra, Indonesia. Zoological Science, 37: 1–7. doi:10.2108/zs200006
Murdoch ML, Grismer LL, Wood JrPL, Neang T, Poyarkov NA, Tri NV, Nazarov RA, Aowphol A, Pauwels OSG, Nguyen HN, Grismer JL. 2019. Six new species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Cardamom Mountains and associated highlands of Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4554, 1–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4554.1.1.
Murphy JC, Voris HK, Karns DR. 2012. The dog-faced water snakes, a revision of the genus Cerberus Cuvier, (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3484: 1–34.
Musser GG, Carleton MD. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1481–1482. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
Musters. 1983. Taxonomy of the genus Draco L. (Agamidae, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Zool. Verh. 199: 1–120.
Nazarov RA, Pauwels OSG, Konstantinov EL, Chulisov AS, Orlov NL, Poyarkov NA. 2018. A new karst-dwelling bent-toed gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Xiangkhoang Province, northeastern Laos. Zool. Res. 39, 202–219. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.010.
Oliver PM, Richards SJ, Sistrom M. 2012. Phylogeny and systematics of Melanesia’s most diverse gecko lineage (Cyrtodactylus, Gekkonidae, Squamata). Zool. Scr. 41, 437–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00545.x.
Oliver PM, Travers SL, Richmond JQ, Pikacha P, Fisher RN, 2018. At the end of the line: independent overwater colonizations of the Solomon Islands by a hyperdiverse trans-Wallacean lizard lineage (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkota: Squamata). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 182, 681–694. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx047.
Pham AV, Le MD, Ziegler T, Nguyen TQ. 2019. A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northwestern Vietnam. Zootaxa 4544, 360–380. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4544.3.3.
Putri AA, Fahri, Annawaty, Hamidy A. 2019. Ecological investigations and diversity of amphibians in Lake Kalimpa’a, Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. J Nat Hist 53(41–42): 2503–2516. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1705930.
Rheindt FE, Prawiradilaga DM, Ashari H, Suparno, Gwee CY, Lee GWX, Wu MY, Ng NSR. 2020. A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna. Science 367: 167–170. https:// doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3608758.
Riyanto A, Grismer LL, Wood PLJ. 2015. The fourth Bent-toed Gecko of the genus Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Java, Indonesia. Zootaxa 4059, 351–363. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4059.2.6.
Riyanto A, Mumpuni, McGuire JA. 2011. Morphometry of striped tree frogs, Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Indonesia with description of a new species. Russ. J. Herpetol. 18, 29–35.
Riyanto A, Munir M, Martamenggala AIS, Fitriana YS, Hamidy A. 2019. Hiding in plain sight on Gunung Muria: A new species and first record of rock gecko (Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887; Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Java, Indonesia. Zootaxa 4608 (1): 155–173. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.9.
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