Mitochondrial DNA suggests the existence of two distinct species in Moluccas and New Guinea within Nyctimystes infrafrenatus (Günther, 1867)
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Abstract. Sulaeman TN, Hamidy A, Farajallah A, Fouquet A, Riyanto A, Arida E, Mulyadi, Trilaksono W, Munir M. 2021. Mitochondrial DNA suggests the existence of two distinct species in Moluccas and New Guinea within Nyctimystes infrafrenatus (Günther, 1867). Biodiversitas 22: 3287-3297. Nyctimystes infrafrenatus is a widespread frog species distributed across northern Australia, New Guinea, Bismarck archipelago and in the eastern part of Indonesian archipelago. The species thus encompasses two biogeographic regions, Papua and Wallacea. We evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among the populations from Papua and Moluccas based on two mitochondrial loci (16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I). Two major subclades are recovered within Nyctimystes infrafrenatus with subclade A being represented by populations from New Guinea and northern Australia and subclade B by Moluccan populations (Halmahera and Tidore). Genetic distances (2.3-4.2% in 16S rRNA) between these subclades suggest they could belong to distinct species. Since New Guinea populations correspond to the nominal species and that Nyctimystes tennuigranulatus (Boettger 1895), currently considered as a junior synonym of Nyctimystes infrafrenatus, is available for the northern Moluccan populations, we proposed to remove this taxon from synonymy. However, samples used in this study come from northern Moluccas, further studies including samples from Ambon (where another synonym was described i.e. Calamita dolichopsis) is needed to determine the taxonomic status of the southern Moluccan population whether they are conspecific with northern Moluccan population or not.
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References
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Karin BK, Stubss AL, Arifin U, Bloch LM, Ramadhan G, Iskandar DT, Arida E, Reilly SB, Kusnadi A, Mcguire JA. 2018. The herpetofauna of the Kei Islands (Maluku, Indonesia): Comprehensive report on new and historical collections, biogeographic patterns, conservation concerns, and an annotated checklist of species from Kei Kecil, Kei Besar, Tam, and Kur. Raffles Bull. Zool. 66: 704-738.
Karin BK, Stubss AL, Arifin U, Iskandar DT, Arida E, Austin CC, McGuire JA. 2020. Crossing Lydekker’s Line: Northern water dragons (Tropicagama temporalis) colonized the Mollucan Islands of Indonesia from New Guinea. Herpetologica 76(3): 344-350.
Koch A, Arida E, Riyanto A., BÖhme W. 2007. Islands Between the Realms: A Revised Checklist of the Herpetofauna of the Talaud Archipelago, Indonesia, with a Discussion About its Biogeographic Affinities. Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 56: 107-129.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35:1547-1549.
Leaché AD, Reeder TW. 2002. Molecular systematics of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus): a comparison of parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Syst. Biol. 51: 44–68
Liem DSS. 1974. A review of the Litoria nannotis species group, and a description of a new species of Litoria from northern Queensland, Australia (Anura: Hylidae). Mem. Queensl. Mus.17: 151–168.
Lohman DJ, de Bruyn M, Page T, von Rintelen K, Hall R, Ng PKL, Shih H, Carvalho GR, von Rintelen T. 2011. Biogeography of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 42: 205-226
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Macleay WJ. 1878. The batrachians of the "Chevert" Expedition. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 2: 135–138. [Australian]
Mahony M, Knowles R, Foster R, Donnellan S. 2001. Systematics of the Litoria citropa (Anura: Hylidae) Complex in Northern New South Wales and Southern Queensland, Australia, With the Description of a New Species. Rec. Aust. Mus. 53: 37–48.
McDonald KR, Rowley JJ, Richards SJ, Frankham GJ. 2016 A new species of treefrog (Litoria) from Cape York Peninsula, Australia. Zootaxa 4171: 153-169.
Menzies JI, Tyler MJ. 2004. Litoria gracilenta (Anura: Hylidae) and related species in New Guinea. Aust. J. Zool. 52: 191–214.
Menzies JI. 2006. The Frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Pensoft, Sofia, 127-128 pp.
Michaux B. 2010. Biogeology of Wallacea: geotectonic models, areas of endemism and natural biogeographical units. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 101: 193-212.
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–45
Nei M, Kumar S. (2000). Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, New York.
Nugroho H, Riyanto A, Wiantoro S, Santika Y, Irham M. 2000. Ekspedisi Tambrauw; Sepotong Surga di Tanah Papua. LIPI Press, Jakarta, 126 pp.
Oliver PM, Richards SJ, Tjaturadi B, Iskandar DT. 2007. A new large green species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from western New Guinea. Zootaxa 1519: 17–26.
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