Agronomic characters, genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, and heritability of 12 genotypes of rice
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Abstract. Kartahadimaja J, Utomo SD, Yuliadi E, Salam AK, Warsono, Wahyudi A. 2021. Agronomic characters, genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, and heritability of 12 genotypes of rice. Biodiversitas 22: 1091-1097. The achievement of national rice production is always below the target. One of the causes is the low productivity of the varieties grown due to the stagnant genetic capacity of these varieties. The assembly of new lines through breeding is one solution that can increase the genetic capacity of new varieties. Genetic diversity is one of the factors that influence the success of plant breeding. Ten new F9 rice lines were successfully assembled showing various phenotypes. The identification of the specific advantages of each of these new rice lines was based largely on the phenotypic response. The research objective was to identify the genetic advantages of each line through the analysis approach of genetic diversity coefficient (GDC), Phenotific Diversity Coefficient (PDC), and broad-sense heritability. The research was designed on a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with ten new F9 rice lines and two comparison varieties as treatments, repeated three times. The variables observed were plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering time, harvesting time, panicle length, number of grain per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grain per panicle, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, and grain yield per hectare. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there was a difference between the mean values, it was continued with a 5% LSD test. The results showed that (i) the genotypes tested showed wide genetic and phenotypic diversity, (ii) based on the analysis of GDC, PDC, and broad sense heritability, the appearance of phenotypes of several agronomic characters was controlled by genetic factors.
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References
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Qosim WA, Rachmadi M, Hamdani JS, and Nuri I. 2013. Phenotific appearance, variability, and heritability of 32 high yield red chili genotypes. J. Agron. Indonesia 41 (2): 140 - 146.
Singh RK and Chaudhary BD. 1985. Biometrical methods in Quantitative Genetic analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi India pp 253-260
Sobir. 2013. "Optimization of Suboptimal land for strengthening indonesian food security". Proceedings of the national seminar on suboptimal land "Intensification of suboptimal land management in the framework of supporting national food independence", Palembang 20 - 21 September 2013: 23 - 27.
Sofiari E and Kirana R. 2009. Analysis of segregation patterns and distribution of some chili characters. Journal of horticulture Vol 19 (3): 255 - 263.
Yasinda AA, Sutjahjo SH, Marwiyah S. 2015. Characterization and evaluation of local watermelon genotype diversity. Bul. Agrohorti 3 (1): 47-58 (2015).
Yoshida S. 1981. Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. International Rice Research Institute. Los Banos, Laguna, Philipine.
Zhang P, Li J, Li X, Liu X, Zhao X, Lu Y. 2011. Population Structure and Genetic Diversity in a Rice Core Collection (Oryza sativa L.) Investigated with SSR Markers.
Barmawi M., Yushardi A, and Sa'diyah N. 2013. Inheritance and expectations for the advancement of soybean agronomic character selection for generation F2 from crosses between yellow bean and taichung. J. Tropical Agrotech. Vol. 1, No. 1: 20 - 4.
Central Bureau of Statistics of Riau Islands Province. 2015. Official News Statistics
No. 55/07/21 / Th.X, 01 July 2015.
Constantino KP, Gonzales EJ, Lazaro LM, Serrano EC, Samson BP. 2015. Plant height measurement and tiller segmentation of rice crops using image processing. Proceeding of DLSU Research Congress 3: 1-6.
Daradjat A.A., Silitonga S., and Nafsiah. 2009. Availability of germplasm for improvement of rice varieties. Center for Rice Research. Agricultural Research and Development Agency.
Agriculture Department. 2003. Guidelines for rice characterization and evaluation systems. Agricultural Research and Development Agency, National Commission on Germplasm.
Diptaningsari D. 2013. analysis of diversity of agronomic characteristics and stability of the expectant line of upland rice, buru island local rice derived from antera culture. Thesis. Postgraduate Program, Bogor Agricultural University.
Fehr WR. 1987. Principles of Cultivar Development. Theory and Technique. Macmillan Publishing Company.
Gupta SK, Verma SR. 2000. variability, heritability, and genetic advance under normal and rainfed conditions in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf). Indian J Agric Res. 34(2):122–125.
Hapsari RT, and Adie M M.. 2010. Estimation of genetic parameters and relationship between soybean yield components. Journal of Food Crops Research Vol. 29 No. 1.
Hermanto R, Syukur M, and Widodo. 2017. Estimation of genetic variety and heritability of yield character and components of tomato yield (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) in two locations. J. Hort. Indonesia 8 (1): 31-38.
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). 2002. Standard evaluation system for rice (SES).
Irawan B. 2015. The dynamics of rice paddy and upland rice production. implications for the policy to increase rice production. Strengthening the ability of food self-sufficiency. Agricultural Research and Development Agency.
Jalata Z, Ayana A, Zeleke H. 2011. Variability, heritability, and genetic advance for some yield and yield related traits in ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces and crosses. Int J Plant Breeding and Genet. 5(1):44–52.
Kartina N, Wibowo BP, Rumanti IA, and Satoto. 2017. Correlation of grain yields and components of hybrid rice yields. J. Food Crop Agricultural Research Vol. 1 No. 1 2017: 11-19.
Kumar S., Chauhan MP, Tomar A, and Kasana RK. 2018. Coefficient of variation (GCV & PCV), heritability and genetic advance analysis for yield contributing characters in rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(3): 2161-2164
Kushwaha UKS, Khatiwada SP, Upreti HK, Shah US, Thapa DB, Dhami N B, Gupta SR, Singh PK, Mehta KR, Sah SK, Chaudhary B, Tripathi BP. 2015. Modification of Rice Breeding Technology in 21st Century. International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 1, No. 2, 2015, pp. 77-84
Lestari AD, Dewi W, Qosim WA, Rahardja M, Rostini N, Setiamihardja R. 2006. Genetic variability and character heritability of yield and yield components of fifteen red chili genotypes. Zuriat. 17 (1): 94-102.
Liu Y, Yu L, Tong J, Ding J, Wang R, Lu Y, Xiao L. 2013. Tiller number is altered in the ascorbic acid-deficient rice suppressed for lgalactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase. J Plant Physiol 170 (4): 389- 396. DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.11.019.
Lu, CG, Hu N, Yao KM, Xia SJ, Qi QM. 2010. Plant type and its effects on canopy structure at heading stage in various ecological areas for a two-line hybrid rice combination, Liangyoupeijiu. Rice Sci. 17:235- 242.
Makarim AK and Suhartatik E. 2009. Morphology and physiology of rice plants. Center for Rice Research.
Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India. 2011. Biology of Oryza sativa L.(Rice). Department of Biotechnology Ministry of Science Technology and Ministry of Environment and Forests.
Mirza Hasanuzzaman M, Ahamed KU, Rahmatullah N M, Akhter N, Nahar K, and Rahman M L. 2010. Plant growth characters and productivity of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) as affected by application of different manures. Emir. J. Food Agric. 22 (1): 46-58.
Moedjiono and Mejaya M J. 1994. Genetic variability of several characters of corn germplasm collections of Balitan Malang. Zuriat 5 (2): 27-32
Mulyaningsih ES, Perdani AY, Indrayani S., and Suwarno. 2016. Phenotype selection of upland rice populations for high yield, aluminum tolerance and blast resistance in acid soil. J. Food Crop Agricultural Research Vol. 35 No.3 .: 191-197.
Peng S, Khush GS, Virk P, Tang Q, Zou Y. 2008. Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential. Field Crop. Res. 108:32-38.
Poehlman JM, Sleeper DA. 1995. Breeding Field Crops. Iowa State University Press. USA.
Purwati. 2009. Hybrid tomato (F1) yield on medium plains. J. Horticulture. 19 (2): 125 - 130.
Qosim WA, Rachmadi M, Hamdani JS, and Nuri I. 2013. Phenotific appearance, variability, and heritability of 32 high yield red chili genotypes. J. Agron. Indonesia 41 (2): 140 - 146.
Singh RK and Chaudhary BD. 1985. Biometrical methods in Quantitative Genetic analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi India pp 253-260
Sobir. 2013. "Optimization of Suboptimal land for strengthening indonesian food security". Proceedings of the national seminar on suboptimal land "Intensification of suboptimal land management in the framework of supporting national food independence", Palembang 20 - 21 September 2013: 23 - 27.
Sofiari E and Kirana R. 2009. Analysis of segregation patterns and distribution of some chili characters. Journal of horticulture Vol 19 (3): 255 - 263.
Yasinda AA, Sutjahjo SH, Marwiyah S. 2015. Characterization and evaluation of local watermelon genotype diversity. Bul. Agrohorti 3 (1): 47-58 (2015).
Yoshida S. 1981. Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. International Rice Research Institute. Los Banos, Laguna, Philipine.
Zhang P, Li J, Li X, Liu X, Zhao X, Lu Y. 2011. Population Structure and Genetic Diversity in a Rice Core Collection (Oryza sativa L.) Investigated with SSR Markers.
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