Aquatic insect communities in headwater streams of Ciliwung River watershed, West Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Wakhid, Rauf A, Krisanti M, Sumertajaya IM, Maryana N. 2021. Aquatic insect communities in headwater streams of Ciliwung River watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 30-41. Ciliwung is one of the major rivers flowing from Cisarua (Bogor) to Jakarta. This study was conducted to assess and compare aquatic insect biodiversity and community structure in various headwater streams with respect to different land-use types. Ten stream reaches of the first and second orders representing three different land-use types in the surrounding area (forest, tea plantation, village) were selected. At each stream reach, the aquatic insects were collected using a D-net (0.4 mm mesh). Physico-chemical properties of water were directly measured in the field. Samples were collected every two months from April until December 2018. A total of 26531 aquatic insect specimens belonging to 75 species/morphospecies, 46 families, and 10 orders were recorded. The order Trichoptera was the most abundant comprising 51.28% of the total collected insects, followed by Diptera (30.5%), Ephemeroptera (7.52%), and Plecoptera (6.25%). The highest proportion of functional feeding group was filtering-collectors (61.34%), followed by shredders (16.29%), gathering-collectors (15.32%), and predators (6.94%). Abundance of Diptera and Plecoptera was significantly higher in forest streams, while Ephemeroptera in plantation streams, and Trichoptera in village streams. The peak population of Diptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera occurred in June (dry period), while Plecoptera in December (wet period). The forest streams exhibited the highest species richness and diversity. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed a low dissimilarity among streams of the three land uses (Global R=0.217; P<0.001). The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that forest streams somewhat separated from plantation and village streams. The study provided important information on aquatic insect biodiversity, and indicated the need for forest area preservation in the headwater streams of Ciliwung River watershed.
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References
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Braun BM, Pires MM, Kotzian CB, Spies MR. 2014. Diversity and ecological aspects of aquatic insect communities from montane streams in Southern Brazil. Acta Limnol Bras 26(2): 186-198.
Bucker A, Sondermann M, Frede HG, Breuer L. 2010. The influence of land use on macroinvertebrate communities in montane tropical streams - A case study from Equador. Fund Appl Limnol 177(4): 267-282.
Che Salmah MR, Al-Shami SA, Madrus MR, Ahmad AH. 2013. Local effects of forest fragmentation on diversity of aquatic insects in tropical forest streams: implications for biological conservation. Aquat Ecol 47: 75-85. doi:10.1007/s10452-012-9426-8.
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doi: 10.3390/insects10040099.
Dijkstra KDB, Monaghan MT, Pauls SU. 2014. Freshwater biodiversity and aquatic insect diversification. Annu Rev Entomol 59(1): 143-163.
do Amaral PHM, da Silveira LS, Rosa BFJV, de Oliveira VC, da Gama Alves R. 2015. Influence of habitat and land use on the assemblages of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera in Neotropical streams. J Insect Sci 15(1): 1-7. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iev042.
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Eckert RA, Halvorson HM, Kuehn KA, Lamp WO. 2020. Macroinvertebrate community patterns in relation to leaf-associated periphyton under contrasting light and nutrient conditions in headwater streams. Freshw Biol 00:1-18. doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13473.
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Hadi UK, Soviana S, Rohmah IL. 2019. Diversity and ecology of black flies in tea plantation area of Puncak Bogor, Indonesia. Acta Trop 199: 104986. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.010.
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Hepp LU, Milesi SV, Biasi C, Restello RM. 2010. Effects of agricultural and urban impacts on macroinvertebrate assemblages in streams (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Zoologica 27(1): 106-113.
Hepp LU, Restello RM, Milesi SV, Biasi C, Molozzi J. 2013. Distribution of aquatic insects in urban headwater streams. Acta Limnol Bras 25(1): 1-9.
Hill MJ, Chadd RP, Morris N, Swaine JD, Wood PJ. 2016. Aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity associated with artificial agricultural ditches. Hydrobiologia 776: 249-260. doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2757-z.
Hoang DH, Bae YJ. 2006. Aquatic insect diversity in a tropical Vietnamese stream in comparison with that in a temperate Korean stream. Limnology 7: 45-55.
Houghton DC. 2004. Utility of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) as indicators of habitat disturbance in Minnesota. J Freshw Ecol 19(1): 97-108.
Jung SW, Nguyen VV, Nguyen QH, Bae YJ. 2008. Aquatic insect faunas and communities of a mountain stream in Sapa Highland, northern Vietnam. Limnology 9(3): 219-229.
Kluge NJ, Sivarakrishnan KG, Selvakumar C, Kubendran T. 2013. Notes about Acentrella (Liebebiella) vera (Muller-Libenau, 1982) (=Pseudocloeon difficilum Muller-Liebenau, 1982 syn. N = Platybaetis arunachalae Selvakumar, Sundar, and Sivaramakrishnan, 2012 syn. n.) (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Aquat Insect 35(3-4): 63-70.
Koroiva R, Pepinelli M. 2019. Distribution and habitats of aquatic insects. In: Del-Claro K, Guillermo R (eds) Aquatic Insects: Behavior and Ecology. Springer, Switzerland.
Li L, Zheng B, Liu L. 2010. Biomonitoring and bioindicators used for river ecosystems: Definition, approach and trends. Procedia Environ Sci 2: 1510-1524. doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.164.
Lisboa LK, Lemes-Silva AL, Siegloch AE, Goncalvez-Junior JF, Petrucio MM. 2015. Temporal dynamics of allochthonous coarse particulate organis matter in a subtropical Atlantic rainforest Brazilian stream. Mar Freshw Res 66(8): 674-680.
Lundquist MJ, Zhu W. 2019. Aquatic insect diversity in streams across a rural-urban land-use discontinuum. Hydrobiologia 837: 15-30. doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-3955-2
Malicky H, Ivanov VD, Melnitsky SI. 2014. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) from Lombok, Bali and Java (Indonesia), with a discussion of Wallace’s line. Dtsch Entomol Z 61(1): 3-14. doi: 10.3897/dez.61.7046.
Maneechan W, Prommi TO. 2015. Diversity and distribution of aquatic insects in streams of the Mae Klong Watershed, Western Thailand. Psyche 2015: 1-7. doi: 10.1155/2015/912451.
Mekong River Commission. 2006. Identification of Freshwater Invertebrates of The Mekong River and Its Tributaries. Mekong River Commission, Vientiane.
Melo ALU, Ono ER, Uieda VS. 2020. Benthic invertebrate communities structure in headwater streams with different states of the riparian vegetation conservation. Community Ecol 21: 43-53. doi.org/10.1007/s42974-020-00011-w.
Meyer JD, Strayer DL, Wallace JB, Eggert SL, Helfman GS, Leonard NE. 2007. The contribution of headwater streams to biodiversity in river networks. J Am Water Resour Assoc 43(1): 86-103.
Morse JC. 2017. Biodiversity of aquatic insects. In: Footit RG, Adler PH (eds) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society Vol. 1 2nd eds. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New Jersey.
Morse JC, Frandsen PB, Graf W, Thomas JA. 2019. Diversity and ecosystem services of Trichoptera. Insects 10(5): 125. doi: 10.3390/insects10050125.
Morse JC, Yang L, Lixin T. 1994. Aquatic Insects of China Useful for Monitoring Water Quality. Nanjing University Press, Hohai Nanjing.
Muli A, Lee N, Ling TY, Sim SF, Grinang J. 2019. Macroinvertebrates of the tributaries of upper Baleh river, Sarawak. BJSRT 9(1): 26-35.
Narangarvuu D, Oyunbileg J, Yang P-S, Boldgiv B. 2014. Distribution of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera assemblages in relation to environmental variables in headwater streams of Mongolia. Environ Earth Sci 73(2): 835-847. doi: 10.1007/s12665-013-2968-9.
Naser MN, Roy D. 2012. Feeding ecology of Chironomus larvae (Insecta: Diptera) collected from different habitat of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Zool 40(1): 129-133.
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