Potential of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from peat soils as inoculant biofertilizer
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Abstract. Elfiati D, Delvian, Hanum H, Susilowati A, Rachmat HH. 2021. Potential of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from peat soils as inoculant biofertilizer. Biodiversitas 22: 3042-3048. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi are the microbes that have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate and made it available for plants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to obtain the phosphate-solubilizing fungi from peat soils. Peat soil samples were taken in a composite at a depth 0-20 cm from the peat ecosystem in Nagasaribu Village, Lintong Nihuta Sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil samples were isolated to obtain phosphate-solubilizing fungi using the Pikovskaya selective medium. The obtained isolates were tested for their ability to dissolve phosphate qualitatively by calculating the dissolution index values and quantitatively by calculating the available phosphorus on Pikovskaya medium by using four phosphate sources, namely Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4, FePO4, and phosphate rock. Total of 12 isolates of phosphate-solubilizing fungi was obtained during the present study. Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative testing, all 12 isolates have the ability to release phosphate from the four tasted phosphate sources. The qualitative test obtains dissolution index values that vary from 2.55 to 4.25, while quantitatively, the isolates were able to dissolve phosphate in the value range from 17.77 ppm to 69.86 ppm. The top five fungal isolates with highest phosphate-solubilizing potential were FG5, FG8, FG9, FG11, and FG12. Based on molecular identification, these five isolates were identified as Aspergillus niger.
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References
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Alam S, Khalil S, Ayub N, Rashid M. 2002. In vitro solubilization of inorganic phosphate by phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSM) from maize rhizosphere. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 4: 454–458
Anand K., Kumari B, Mallick MA. 2016. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: An effective and alternative approach as biofertilizers. Int.J.Pharm Pharm, Sci. 8(2): 37-40
Baker E. 2006. Aspergillus niger genomics : Past, present and into the future. Medical Micology 44: S17-S21.
Bashan E, de-Bashan L E, Prabhu S R, Hernandez J B. 2013. Advances in plant growth promoting bacterial inoculant technology : formulations and practical perspectives (1998-2013) (1998-2013). Plant Soil 378:1-33
Chang CH, Yang SS. 2009. Thermo-tolerant phosphate solubilizing microbes for multi-functiononal biofertilizer preparation. Bioresource Technology 100: 1648-1658
Chatli AS, Beri V, Sidhu BS. 2008. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from the cold desert habitat of Salix alba Linn. In trans Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Microbial., 48:267-273
Das A, Dutta B, Barooah AK. 2013. In Vitro Solubilization of Inorganik Phosphate by Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi Isolated From Tea Agroecosystem Soil of Barak Valley, Southern Assam. Intl. J. Microbiol. Res. 4(3):336-341
Deepa A, Prasanna A, Balakrisna MP, Sridhar R. 2010. Efficient phosphate solubilization by fungal strains isolated from Rice-rizhosphere soils for the phosphorus release. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(4): 487-492
Dos Santos TC, Cavalcanti IS, Bonomo RCF, Santana NV, Franco M. 2011. Optimization of production of cellulolytic enzymes by Aspergillus niger using residue of mango a substrate. CienciaRural, Santa Maria 41(12): 2210-2216
El-Azouni IM. 2008. Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of soyben (Glycine max L.) plants. J.Applied Sci.Res.,4:592-598
Elias F, Woyessa D, Muleta D. 2016. Phosphate solubilization potential of rhizosphere fungi isolated from plants in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiophia. International Jurnal of Microbiology 2016:1-11
Gao L. Kong F, Feng C, Wang J, Gao J, Shen G, Zhang C. 2016. Isolation, characterization, and growth promotion of phosphate solubilizing bacteria associated with Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco). Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 25(3):993-1003
Gaur AC, Mathur RS, Sadasivam KV. 1980. Effect of organic material and phosphate-dissolving culture on the yield of wheat and greengram. Indian J. Agron. 25: 501-503
Gilman JC. 1971. A manual of soil fungi. The Low a State University Press, USA
Gizaw B, Tsegay Z, Tefera G, Aynalem E, Wassie M, Abatneh E. 2017. Phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated and characterized from Teff Rhizosphere Soil Collected from North Showa and Gojam, Ethiopia. J Fertil Pestic 8: 180. doi:10.4172/2471-2728.1000180
Goenadi D, Siswanto H, Sugiarto Y. 2000. Bioactivation of poorly soluble phosphate rocks with a phosphorus solubilizing fungus. Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J., 64:927-932
Gupta N, Sabat J, Parida R, Kerkatta D. 2007. Solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate by microbes isolated from chromite, iron, and manganese mines. Acta Bot.Croat., 66:197-204
Gyaneshwar P, Kumar GN, Parekh LJ, Poole PS. 2002. Role of soil microorganism in improving P nutrition of Plants. Plant soil 245: 83-93
Havlin JL, Beaton JD, Tisdale SL, Nelson WL. 1999. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. An Introduction to Nutrient Management. Sixth ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Hou E, Tang S, Kuang Y, Lu X, Heenan M, Wen D. 2018. Solubility of phosphorus in subtropical forest soil as influenced by low molecular organic acids and key soil properties. Geoderma 313: 172-180
Hue NV, Craddock GR, Adamet F. 1986. Effect of organic acids on aluminium toxicity in subsoils. Soil.Sci.Am.J.50:28-34
Illmer P, Schinner F. 1995. Solubilization on inorganic calcium phosphate: Solubilization mechanisms. Soil Bio. Biochem. 27:257-263.
Kang SC, Ha CG, Lee TG, Maheshwari DK. 2002. Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphate by a soil-inhabiting fungus Fomitopsis sp. PS 102. Curr., Sci.82:439-441
Khan AA, Jilani G, Akhtar MS, Nagvi SM, Rasheed M. 2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria : Occurrence, mechanisms, and their role in crop production. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 1(1):48-58
Mahidi SS, Hassan GI, Hussain A, Faisul-ur-Rasool. 2011. Phosphorus availability issue-Its fixation and role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in phosphate solubilization-Case study. Res. J. Agric. Sci. 2:174-179.
Malviya J, Singh K, Joshi V. 2011. Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) plants. Advances in Bioresearch 2( 2) : 110-113
Mardad I, Serrano A, Soukri A. 2014. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate and production of organic acids by bacteria isolated from a Moroccan mineral phosphate deposit. Afr. J. Microbial. Res. 7(8):626-635
Nahas E. 1996. Factors determining rock phosphate solubilization by microorganism isolated from soil. World J.Microb.Biotechnol., 12:18-23
Nurulita Y, Adetutu E M, Gunawan H, Zul D, Ball A S. 2016. Restoration of tropical peat soil: The application of soil microbiology for monitoring the success of the restoration process. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 216 : 293-303
Omar SA. 1998. The role of rock phosphate solubilizing fungi and Vesicular arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) in growth of wheat plants fertilized with rock phosphate. World J. Microbial. Biotechnol., 14:211-218
Oliveira CA, Alves VMC, Mariel IE, Gomes EA, Scotti MR, Carneiro NP, Gumaires CT, Scaffert RE, Sa NMH. 2009. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere of maize cultivated in an Oxisol of Brazilian Cerrado Biome. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 1782-1787.
Panda B, Rahman H, Panda J. 2016. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the acidic soils of Eastern Himalayan region and their antagonistic effect on fungal pathogen. Rhizosphere 2:62-71
Pradhan N, Sukla LB. 2005. Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by fungi isolated from agriculture soil. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(10):850-854
Rodriguez H, Fraga R. 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnol. Adv. 17:319-339
Ruangsanka S. 2014. Identification of phosphate solubilizing fungi from the asparagus rhizosphere as antagonist of the rootand crown rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporium. Science Asia 40: 16-20
Ryan PR, Delhaize E, Jones DL. 2001. Function and mechanisms of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annl. Rev.Plant Physiol.Plant Mol. Biol. 52:527-560
Sharma BC, Rao S, Saha A. 2012. In vitro solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and production of IAA by phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from tea rizhosphere of Darjeling Himalaya. Plant Sciences Feed 2(6): 96-99
Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes : sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springerplus 2: 587
Soekardi M, Hidayat A. 1988. Extent and distribution of peatsoils of Indonesia. Third meeting cooperative resarch on problem soils. CRIFC. Bogor.
Tallapragada P, Seshachala U. 2012. Phosphate solubilizing microbes and their occurrence in the rhizosphere of Piper betle in Karnataka, India. Turk J Biol 36 : 25-25
Vassileva MN, Vassilev N, Azcon R. 1998. Rock phosphate solubilizing by Aspergillus niger on olive cake-based medium and its further application in a soil-plant system. World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14:281-284
Walpola BC, Yoon MH. 2012. Prospectus of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus availability in agricultural soils : A review. Afr.J.Microbial.Res.6(37):6600-6605
Wang GH, Zhou K Q, Jin J, Pan X W, Zhao Y. 2004. Effect of different C sources on the solubilization of rock phosphate by three phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF). Chinese. J. Ecol. 23: 32-36
Wei Y, Zhao Y, Shi M, Cao Z, Lu Q, Yang T, Fan Y, Wei Z, 2018. Effect of organic acids production and bacterial community on the possible mechanism of phosphorus solubilization during composting with enriched phosphate solubilizing bacteria inoculation. Bioresource Tehcnology 247: 190-199
Whitelaw MA. 2000. Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate solubilizing fungi. Adv.Agron. 69:99-151
Yadav J, Verma JP, Tiwari KN. 2011a. Solubilization of tricalcium phosphate by fungus Aspergillus niger at different carbon source and salinity. Trends Applied Sci.Res., 6(6):606-613
Yadav J, Verma JP, Tiwari KN. 2011b. Plant growth promoting activities of fungi and their effecton chickpea plant growth. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences 4(3) : 291-299
Yasmin H, Bano A. 2011. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil of weeds of Khewra salt range and Attock. Pak. J. Bot. 43(3):1663-1668
Yasser MM, Mousa ASS, Massoud ON, Nash SH. 2014. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate by phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from Egyptian Soils. J. Biol. Earth Sci. 4(1):B83-B90
Alam S, Khalil S, Ayub N, Rashid M. 2002. In vitro solubilization of inorganic phosphate by phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSM) from maize rhizosphere. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 4: 454–458
Anand K., Kumari B, Mallick MA. 2016. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: An effective and alternative approach as biofertilizers. Int.J.Pharm Pharm, Sci. 8(2): 37-40
Baker E. 2006. Aspergillus niger genomics : Past, present and into the future. Medical Micology 44: S17-S21.
Bashan E, de-Bashan L E, Prabhu S R, Hernandez J B. 2013. Advances in plant growth promoting bacterial inoculant technology : formulations and practical perspectives (1998-2013) (1998-2013). Plant Soil 378:1-33
Chang CH, Yang SS. 2009. Thermo-tolerant phosphate solubilizing microbes for multi-functiononal biofertilizer preparation. Bioresource Technology 100: 1648-1658
Chatli AS, Beri V, Sidhu BS. 2008. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from the cold desert habitat of Salix alba Linn. In trans Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Microbial., 48:267-273
Das A, Dutta B, Barooah AK. 2013. In Vitro Solubilization of Inorganik Phosphate by Phosphate Solubilizing Fungi Isolated From Tea Agroecosystem Soil of Barak Valley, Southern Assam. Intl. J. Microbiol. Res. 4(3):336-341
Deepa A, Prasanna A, Balakrisna MP, Sridhar R. 2010. Efficient phosphate solubilization by fungal strains isolated from Rice-rizhosphere soils for the phosphorus release. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(4): 487-492
Dos Santos TC, Cavalcanti IS, Bonomo RCF, Santana NV, Franco M. 2011. Optimization of production of cellulolytic enzymes by Aspergillus niger using residue of mango a substrate. CienciaRural, Santa Maria 41(12): 2210-2216
El-Azouni IM. 2008. Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of soyben (Glycine max L.) plants. J.Applied Sci.Res.,4:592-598
Elias F, Woyessa D, Muleta D. 2016. Phosphate solubilization potential of rhizosphere fungi isolated from plants in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiophia. International Jurnal of Microbiology 2016:1-11
Gao L. Kong F, Feng C, Wang J, Gao J, Shen G, Zhang C. 2016. Isolation, characterization, and growth promotion of phosphate solubilizing bacteria associated with Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco). Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 25(3):993-1003
Gaur AC, Mathur RS, Sadasivam KV. 1980. Effect of organic material and phosphate-dissolving culture on the yield of wheat and greengram. Indian J. Agron. 25: 501-503
Gilman JC. 1971. A manual of soil fungi. The Low a State University Press, USA
Gizaw B, Tsegay Z, Tefera G, Aynalem E, Wassie M, Abatneh E. 2017. Phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated and characterized from Teff Rhizosphere Soil Collected from North Showa and Gojam, Ethiopia. J Fertil Pestic 8: 180. doi:10.4172/2471-2728.1000180
Goenadi D, Siswanto H, Sugiarto Y. 2000. Bioactivation of poorly soluble phosphate rocks with a phosphorus solubilizing fungus. Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J., 64:927-932
Gupta N, Sabat J, Parida R, Kerkatta D. 2007. Solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate by microbes isolated from chromite, iron, and manganese mines. Acta Bot.Croat., 66:197-204
Gyaneshwar P, Kumar GN, Parekh LJ, Poole PS. 2002. Role of soil microorganism in improving P nutrition of Plants. Plant soil 245: 83-93
Havlin JL, Beaton JD, Tisdale SL, Nelson WL. 1999. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. An Introduction to Nutrient Management. Sixth ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Hou E, Tang S, Kuang Y, Lu X, Heenan M, Wen D. 2018. Solubility of phosphorus in subtropical forest soil as influenced by low molecular organic acids and key soil properties. Geoderma 313: 172-180
Hue NV, Craddock GR, Adamet F. 1986. Effect of organic acids on aluminium toxicity in subsoils. Soil.Sci.Am.J.50:28-34
Illmer P, Schinner F. 1995. Solubilization on inorganic calcium phosphate: Solubilization mechanisms. Soil Bio. Biochem. 27:257-263.
Kang SC, Ha CG, Lee TG, Maheshwari DK. 2002. Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphate by a soil-inhabiting fungus Fomitopsis sp. PS 102. Curr., Sci.82:439-441
Khan AA, Jilani G, Akhtar MS, Nagvi SM, Rasheed M. 2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria : Occurrence, mechanisms, and their role in crop production. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 1(1):48-58
Mahidi SS, Hassan GI, Hussain A, Faisul-ur-Rasool. 2011. Phosphorus availability issue-Its fixation and role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in phosphate solubilization-Case study. Res. J. Agric. Sci. 2:174-179.
Malviya J, Singh K, Joshi V. 2011. Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) plants. Advances in Bioresearch 2( 2) : 110-113
Mardad I, Serrano A, Soukri A. 2014. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate and production of organic acids by bacteria isolated from a Moroccan mineral phosphate deposit. Afr. J. Microbial. Res. 7(8):626-635
Nahas E. 1996. Factors determining rock phosphate solubilization by microorganism isolated from soil. World J.Microb.Biotechnol., 12:18-23
Nurulita Y, Adetutu E M, Gunawan H, Zul D, Ball A S. 2016. Restoration of tropical peat soil: The application of soil microbiology for monitoring the success of the restoration process. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 216 : 293-303
Omar SA. 1998. The role of rock phosphate solubilizing fungi and Vesicular arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) in growth of wheat plants fertilized with rock phosphate. World J. Microbial. Biotechnol., 14:211-218
Oliveira CA, Alves VMC, Mariel IE, Gomes EA, Scotti MR, Carneiro NP, Gumaires CT, Scaffert RE, Sa NMH. 2009. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere of maize cultivated in an Oxisol of Brazilian Cerrado Biome. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41: 1782-1787.
Panda B, Rahman H, Panda J. 2016. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the acidic soils of Eastern Himalayan region and their antagonistic effect on fungal pathogen. Rhizosphere 2:62-71
Pradhan N, Sukla LB. 2005. Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by fungi isolated from agriculture soil. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(10):850-854
Rodriguez H, Fraga R. 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnol. Adv. 17:319-339
Ruangsanka S. 2014. Identification of phosphate solubilizing fungi from the asparagus rhizosphere as antagonist of the rootand crown rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporium. Science Asia 40: 16-20
Ryan PR, Delhaize E, Jones DL. 2001. Function and mechanisms of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annl. Rev.Plant Physiol.Plant Mol. Biol. 52:527-560
Sharma BC, Rao S, Saha A. 2012. In vitro solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and production of IAA by phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from tea rizhosphere of Darjeling Himalaya. Plant Sciences Feed 2(6): 96-99
Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes : sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springerplus 2: 587
Soekardi M, Hidayat A. 1988. Extent and distribution of peatsoils of Indonesia. Third meeting cooperative resarch on problem soils. CRIFC. Bogor.
Tallapragada P, Seshachala U. 2012. Phosphate solubilizing microbes and their occurrence in the rhizosphere of Piper betle in Karnataka, India. Turk J Biol 36 : 25-25
Vassileva MN, Vassilev N, Azcon R. 1998. Rock phosphate solubilizing by Aspergillus niger on olive cake-based medium and its further application in a soil-plant system. World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14:281-284
Walpola BC, Yoon MH. 2012. Prospectus of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus availability in agricultural soils : A review. Afr.J.Microbial.Res.6(37):6600-6605
Wang GH, Zhou K Q, Jin J, Pan X W, Zhao Y. 2004. Effect of different C sources on the solubilization of rock phosphate by three phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF). Chinese. J. Ecol. 23: 32-36
Wei Y, Zhao Y, Shi M, Cao Z, Lu Q, Yang T, Fan Y, Wei Z, 2018. Effect of organic acids production and bacterial community on the possible mechanism of phosphorus solubilization during composting with enriched phosphate solubilizing bacteria inoculation. Bioresource Tehcnology 247: 190-199
Whitelaw MA. 2000. Growth promotion of plants inoculated with phosphate solubilizing fungi. Adv.Agron. 69:99-151
Yadav J, Verma JP, Tiwari KN. 2011a. Solubilization of tricalcium phosphate by fungus Aspergillus niger at different carbon source and salinity. Trends Applied Sci.Res., 6(6):606-613
Yadav J, Verma JP, Tiwari KN. 2011b. Plant growth promoting activities of fungi and their effecton chickpea plant growth. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences 4(3) : 291-299
Yasmin H, Bano A. 2011. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil of weeds of Khewra salt range and Attock. Pak. J. Bot. 43(3):1663-1668
Yasser MM, Mousa ASS, Massoud ON, Nash SH. 2014. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate by phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from Egyptian Soils. J. Biol. Earth Sci. 4(1):B83-B90
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