Ecological sustainability of rice farms in Siak District, Riau, Indonesia
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Abstract. Yusuf R, Tang UM, Karnila R, Fuadi I, Pato U. 2020. Ecological sustainability of rice farms in Siak District, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3797-3804. The research was conducted in Siak District, Riau Province, Indonesia from January to July 2018 in the four subdistricts of rice production centers. The purpose of this study was to identify the ecological conditions of rice farming, analyze the index and ecological sustainability status of lowland rice farming, and analyze the role of each ecological attribute that will have sensitivity to the management of wetland rice in the development of rice farming in the Siak District in the near future. There were 203 sample farmers selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was done by interview and field observation. The sustainability was analyzed using the Rap-Rice method with Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). The results of the Rap-Rice analysis of eight ecological attributes were analyzed; five attributes provided high sensitivity for Sungai Mandau, and three attributes provided high sensitivity for the subdistricts of Bunga Raya, Sabak Auh, and Sungai Apit. Attributes that provided high sensitivity for all subdistricts were attributes of land suitability with land use plans and land conversion rates. The average attributes of ownership of the farm area provided high sensitivity for only three subdistricts (Sabak Auh, Sungai Apit, Sungai Mandau). Based on ecological conditions, analysis of wetland rice farming in Siak District showed a sustainable category for Bunga Raya (56.10%), Sabak Auh (52.80%), and Sungai Mandau (54.90%) and less sustainability for Sungai Apit (48.80%).
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References
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Widjanarko SW, Moshedayan P, Bambang R, Putu S. 2006. The Agrarian Aspect in Controlling the Conversion of Agricultural (Paddy Field) Lands. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Multifunctional Rice Fields: 19-28. Research and Development Center, National Agrarian Agency. Jakarta.
Andrianto, Bintoro A, Yuwono SB. 2015. Production and Decomposition rate of Mangrove (Rhizophora sp) Litter Leaf in Durian Village and Batu Menyan Village Padang Cermin Subdistrict Pesawan Regency. Sylva Lestari J 3(1): 9-20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl139-20
Soil Research Center. 2015. Technical Guidelines for Analysis of Soil Chemistry, Plants, Water and Fertilizers. Soil Research Center. Bogor, 136 p.
Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Riau Province, 2016. Annual Report. Pekanbaru, Riau.
Fauzi A, Anna Z. 2005. Modeling fisheries and marine resources for policy analysis. Jakarta, Gramedia.
FAO. 2015. Statistical Pocketbook World Food and Agriculture 2015. Rome.
Fisheries Centre. 2002. Attributes of Rapfish Analysis for Ecological, Technological, Economic, Social and Ethical Evaluation Fields. Institute of Social and Ethical Evaluation Fields. Institute of Social and Economic Research Press. St John’s Canada.
Isyanto YA. 2012. Influential Factors Against Production in Rice Farming in Ciamis Regency. Cakrawala Galuh J 1 (8): 1-6.
Kavanagh P. 2001. Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries(RAPFISH) Project.University of British Columbia. Fisheries Centre.
Kavanagh P, Pitcher TJ. 2004. Implementing Microsoft Excel Software for Rapfish: A. Technique for the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Status. University of British Colombia, Fisheries Centre.
Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. 2016. Technical Pedestal of Land Optimization Development. Directorate General of Agricultural Infrastructure and Facilities. Jakarta.
Latiri K, L’homme JP, Annabi M, Setter TL. 2010. Wheat production in Tunisia. Progress. Inter-Annual Variability and Relation to Rainfall. Eur J Agron 33: 33-42. DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2010.02.004
Liu F, Zhang H. 2013. Novel Methods to Assess Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability of Main Agricultural Regions in China. Agron Sust Dev 16 (3) :621-633. DOI: 10.1007/s13593-012-0131-8
Mardikanto T. 2009. Agricultural Development. Tri Tunggal Tata Fajar. Surakarta.
Marimin. 2004. Technique and application of decision making for multiple criteria. Jakarta (ID): Grasindo.
Murniningtyas E. 2007. Strategy for Controlling the Function of Agricultural Land. Jakarta: Directorate of Food and Agriculture, Ministry of National Development Planning.
Nababan S, Hermawan. 2008. Overview economic aspect of sustainability small scale fisheries in Tegal district, Central Java. Fish Econ Bul 8 (2). http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/43689
Nagavallemma KP, Wani SP, Lacroix S, Padmaja VV, Vineela C, Rao MB, Sahrawat KL. 2004. Vermicomposting: Recycling Wastes into Valuable Organic Fertilizer. Open Access J 2(1): 2342-2347. http://ejournal.icrisat.org/agroecosystem/v2i1/v2i1vermi.pdf 2004.
Nurmalina. 2008. Analysis of Sustainability Index and Status of Rice Availability Systems in several regions in Indonesia. Agroecon J 26(1): 47-79. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jae.v26n1.2008.47-79
Pitcher TJ, Preikshot DB. 2001. Rapfish:A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate the Sustainability Status of Fisheries. Fish Res 49(3): 255-270. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00205-8
Rao N, Rogers P. 2006. Assessment of Agricultural Sustainability. Curr Sci 91(41): 439-448. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24093944
Rouw A. 2008. Analyzing of Rainfall Variability Impact toward Rice Field Production (Case study at Merauke Papua). Agric Technol Assess Dev J 11(2): 145-154. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v11n2.2008.p%25p
Ryan T. 2013. Sample Size Determination and Power. John Wiley and Sons.
Sennang NR, Elkawakib S, Amirullah D. 2012. Rice Growth and Production Applied by Organic Fertilizers and Biofertilizers. Agrivigor J 11(2): 161-170.
Serageldin I, Steer A. 1994. Making Development Sustainable : From Consept to Action Enviromentally Sustainable Development Occasional Paper series No. 2. The Word Bank, Washinton D.C.
Suciantini. 2015. Relationship between climate (rainfall) and crop production in Pacitan. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Indonesian Biodiversity Society 1 (2): 358-365. DOI https://doi.org/ 10.13057/psnmbi/m010232
Sumaryanto. 2009. Small Scale Agriculture Existence in the Era of Global Market Competition. Paper at the National Seminar on "Improving Agribusiness Competitiveness Oriented by Farmers Welfare" organized by the Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies , IAARD, Ministry of Agriculture on October 14, 2009 in Bogor.
Suryana A. 2005. Sustainable Agricultural Development Mainstay of National Development. Paper at the Seminar on Sustainable Agriculture Systems to Support National Development February 15, 2005. Sebelas Maret University Solo.
Von Braun J. 2004. Small-Scale Farmers in Liberalised Trade Environment. In Huvio, T., J. Kola, and T. Lundström (Eds.). Small-Scale Farmers in Liberalised Trade Environment. Proceeding of the Seminar on October 2004 in Haiko Finland. Publication No. 38 Agricultural Policy, Department of Economics and Management, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
Widjanarko SW, Moshedayan P, Bambang R, Putu S. 2006. The Agrarian Aspect in Controlling the Conversion of Agricultural (Paddy Field) Lands. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Multifunctional Rice Fields: 19-28. Research and Development Center, National Agrarian Agency. Jakarta.
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