Some botanical aspects of Etlingera flexuosa (Zingiberaceae) from Central Sulawesi (Indonesia) and its antifungal activity
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RAMADANIL PITOPANG
♥
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-9053
UMRAH
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-750X
WAHYU HARSO
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-2699
NURAINAS
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-2976
MUHAMMAD SULAIMAN ZUBAIR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3065-0480
Abstract
Abstract. Pitopang R, Umrah, Harso W, Nurainas, Zubair MS. 2020. Some botanical aspects and antifungal activity of Etlingera flexuosa (Zingiberaceae) from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3547-3553. Etlingera flexuosa is a species of Etlingera endemic to the island of Sulawesi and its natural distribution is restricted to Central and South Sulawesi, where it has been utilized for different purposes. Despite the limited knowledge in the aspects of botany and its antimicrobial activities, the use of plants as a source of alternative solutions to health problems is on the rise. The objectives of this study were to obtain some information about the several botanical aspects of E. flexuosa and its antifungal activity. This research was conducted from March to December 2019 and samples were collected from the montane forest of Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) near Sedoa Village, Lore Utara Sub-district, Poso District, Indonesia. The identification of plant specimens and extractions was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Biosystematics, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia. The antifungal activity was tested using agar diffusion methods. The results showed that E. flexuosa is a perennial herb naturally distributed in Sulawesi island. It usually grows in the pristine submontane and montane forests, sometimes in light and open condition or on the slope of natural disturbed forest at the altitude of 1500 -1700 m a.s.l. The forest is dominated by Fagaceae family, of which E. flexuosa has been utilized extensively by local community of Topo Baria ethnic for various purposes such as flavor enhancer in food, vegetable, traditional medicine, and as roofing materials. It contains some secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids, and also shows antioxidant activity. Conclusively, the extract of E. flexuosa could be used as inhibiting agent for the growth of Candida albicans yeast.
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References
REFERENCES
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Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. 2017. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation,and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts, Plants 6 (42): 1-23
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Alzoreky NS, Nakahara K. Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia. Int J Food Microbiol 80: 223–30
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. 2016. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: J Pharmaceutical Analysis 6: 71–79
Bona E, Cantamessa S, Pavan M, Novello G, Massa N, Rocchetti A, Berta G, Gamalero E. 2016. Sensitivity of Candida albicans to essential oils : are they an alternative to antifungal agents. J appl Microb 121: 1530-1545
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Cannon C, Summer HM, Hartig JR, Kessler PJA, 2007. Developing conservation priorities based on forest type, condition, and threats in a poorly known ecoregion : Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biotropica 39 :747-759
Chan, E.W.C. Lim Y.Y and M Omar. 2007. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves of Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Food Chemistry 104: 1586–1593
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Kessler M, Keßler PJA, Gradstein SR, Bach K, Schmul M, Pitopang R. 2005. Tree diversity in different land use systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiv and Conserv 14: 547–560
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Newman M, Lhuillier A, Poulsen AD. 2004. Checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Malesia. J.Blum Supplement 16. 1-165
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Poulsen AD. 2012. Etlingera of Sulawesi. Natural History Publications in association with Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Natural History Museum, University of Oslo. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Poulsen AD, Docot RVA. 2018. How many species of Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) are there in the Phillipines. Edinburg Journal of Botany 76 (1): 33-44
Putri AE, Fahri F, Annawaty A, Hamidy A. 2019. Ecological investigations and diversity of amphibians in Lake Kalimpa’a, Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. J of Nat History. 53 (41–42): 2503–2516
Pitopang R, Damry, Rusdi, Hamzah B, Zubair MS, Amar AL, Fathurrahman F, Basri Z, Poulsen AD. 2019. Diversity of Zingiberaceae and Traditional uses by three indigenous groub at Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. IOP Conf. Series: J of Phys: Conf. Series 1242 . 012039
Ramadanil, Damry, Rusdi, Hamzah B, Zubair MS. 2019. Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pharmacogn J. 11(3): 505-510
Sabilu Y. Sahidin, Mukaddin A, Bittikaka Y, Tawa RA, Paddo J, Saptaputra SK. 2017. The Utilization of Sikala (Etlingera elatior) As Traditional Medicine in Porehu District, North Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Advances in Environmental Biology 11(9): 5-9
Silalahi M and Nisyawati. 2018. The ethnobotanical study of edible and medicinal plants in the home garden of Batak Karo sub-ethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 229-238
Theis N and M Lerdau. 2003. The evolution of function in plant secondary metabolite. Int. J. Plant Sci. 164 (3 Suppl.): S93–S102
Trimanto, Hapsari L. 2018. A new record of Etlingera megalocheilos (Griff) A.D Poulsen (Zingiberaceae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia . Biodiversitas 19 (4): 1227-1235
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Alabri THA, Al Musalami AHS, Hossain MA, Weli AM, Al-Riyami Q. 2014. Comparative study of phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of fresh and dry leaves crude plant extracts of Datura metel L. J. King Saud Univ Sci 26 (3); 237-243
Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. 2017. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation,and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts, Plants 6 (42): 1-23
Ardiyani M, Poulsen AD, 2019. An update of the genus Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) in Sulawesi including the description of a new species. Reinwardtia 18 (1): 31-42
Alzoreky NS, Nakahara K. Antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in Asia. Int J Food Microbiol 80: 223–30
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. 2016. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: J Pharmaceutical Analysis 6: 71–79
Bona E, Cantamessa S, Pavan M, Novello G, Massa N, Rocchetti A, Berta G, Gamalero E. 2016. Sensitivity of Candida albicans to essential oils : are they an alternative to antifungal agents. J appl Microb 121: 1530-1545
Bridson D, Forman L. 1999. The Herbarium Handbook. 3rd editon (London, Royal Botanic Gardens). p 334.
Cannon C, Summer HM, Hartig JR, Kessler PJA, 2007. Developing conservation priorities based on forest type, condition, and threats in a poorly known ecoregion : Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biotropica 39 :747-759
Chan, E.W.C. Lim Y.Y and M Omar. 2007. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves of Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Food Chemistry 104: 1586–1593
Chan EWC, Ng VP, Tan VV, Low YY. 2011. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Alpinia galanga, Curcuma longa, and Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae). J Pharmacog 8 (22): 54-61
Culmsee H, Pitopang R. 2009 Tree diversity in sub montane and lower montane primary rain forest in Central Sulawesi. J. Blum 54: 119-23
Culmsee H, Pitopang R, Mangopo H, Sabir S. 2011. Tree diversity and phytogeographical patterns of tropical high mountain rain forests in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. J. Biodiv.conserv. 20:1103–23
De Gusman CC, Siemonsma JS. 1999. Plant Resources of Southeast Asia. No.13. Spices. Prosea Foundation. Bogor, Indonesia
Fahri F, Amaliah R, Suryobroto B, Atmowidi T, Nguyen AD. 2018. Three new “caecate” earthworm species from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). ZooKeys. 805: 1–14.
Fathurrahman, Nursanto J, Madjid A, Ramadanil R. 2016. Ethnobotanical study of Kaili Inde Tribe in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Emirate Journal of Food and Agriculture 28 (5): 337- 47
Fauzan DM, Sulaiman S, Pitopang R. 2018. Autecological study of Impatien mamasensis Utami and Wiryadinata. Biocelebes 12 (2): 1-12
Harborne JB. 1973. Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, Chapman and Hall. Newyork
Heyne K. 1987. Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia. Jilid 1. Diterjemahkan oleh Badan Litbang Kehutanan Jakarta. Penerbit Yayasan Sarana Wana Jaya , Jakarta.
Kessler M, Keßler PJA, Gradstein SR, Bach K, Schmul M, Pitopang R. 2005. Tree diversity in different land use systems in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiv and Conserv 14: 547–560
Khaw, SH. 2001. The genus Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia including a new species. Gard Bull Singap 53: 191-239
Kress WJ, Liu AZ, Newman MF and Li QJ. 2005. The Molecular Phillogeny of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): a Complex and Polyphilletic Genus of Zingers. Am. J. of Bot. 92: 167–78.
Kumar A, Ilavarasan R, Jayachandran, Decaraman M, Aravindhan P. Phytochemicals Investigation on a tropical plant in South India. Pak J Nutr 8: 83–95
Larsen K, Ibrahim H, Khaw SH, Saw LG. 1999. Gingers of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Edited by KM. Wong. Natural History Publications (Borneo). Kota Kinabalu.
Milliken W. 1998. Structure and Composition of one hectare of Central Amazonian Tire Firma Forest. Biotropica 30 (4) 530-537
McCracken WA, Cowsan RA. 1983. Clinical and Oral Microbiology, Hemispher Publishing Corporation New York
Newman M, Lhuillier A, Poulsen AD. 2004. Checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Malesia. J.Blum Supplement 16. 1-165
Nobile CJ, Johnson AD. 2015. Candida albicans biofilm and human disease. Ann Rev of Microbio 69: 71-92
Paik JH, Lee J, Choi S, Marwoto B, Juniarti F, Irawan D, Pitopang R. 2013. Medicinal of Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi Indonesia. PT Alimindo Sejati Indonesia KRIBB-BPPT-Tadulako University, Bekasi
Poulsen AD. 2006. Etlingera of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo). Kota Kinabalu
Poulsen AD. 2012. Etlingera of Sulawesi. Natural History Publications in association with Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Natural History Museum, University of Oslo. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Poulsen AD, Docot RVA. 2018. How many species of Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) are there in the Phillipines. Edinburg Journal of Botany 76 (1): 33-44
Putri AE, Fahri F, Annawaty A, Hamidy A. 2019. Ecological investigations and diversity of amphibians in Lake Kalimpa’a, Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. J of Nat History. 53 (41–42): 2503–2516
Pitopang R, Damry, Rusdi, Hamzah B, Zubair MS, Amar AL, Fathurrahman F, Basri Z, Poulsen AD. 2019. Diversity of Zingiberaceae and Traditional uses by three indigenous groub at Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. IOP Conf. Series: J of Phys: Conf. Series 1242 . 012039
Ramadanil, Damry, Rusdi, Hamzah B, Zubair MS. 2019. Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pharmacogn J. 11(3): 505-510
Sabilu Y. Sahidin, Mukaddin A, Bittikaka Y, Tawa RA, Paddo J, Saptaputra SK. 2017. The Utilization of Sikala (Etlingera elatior) As Traditional Medicine in Porehu District, North Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Advances in Environmental Biology 11(9): 5-9
Silalahi M and Nisyawati. 2018. The ethnobotanical study of edible and medicinal plants in the home garden of Batak Karo sub-ethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 229-238
Theis N and M Lerdau. 2003. The evolution of function in plant secondary metabolite. Int. J. Plant Sci. 164 (3 Suppl.): S93–S102
Trimanto, Hapsari L. 2018. A new record of Etlingera megalocheilos (Griff) A.D Poulsen (Zingiberaceae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia . Biodiversitas 19 (4): 1227-1235
.
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