Identification Michelia alba barks extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and its antifungal properties to inhibit microbial growth
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Abstract. Swantara IMD, Bawa IGAG, Suprapta DN, Agustina KK, Temaja IGRM. 2020. Identification Michelia alba barks extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and its antifungal properties to inhibit microbial growth. Biodiversitas 21: 1541-1550. Fungicides are substances that inhibit the growth or kill the pathogenic fungi. A substance can be categorized as a fungicide if it shows antifungal activity. This activity is resulting from bioactive compounds derived from the secondary metabolites. Michelia alba bark’s extract could inhibit the growth of Curvularia verruculosa, the cause of leaf spot disease on rice. The purpose of this study was to analyze chemical compounds of bark extract which inhibit the growth of C. verruculosa. The extraction of bark metabolites of M. alba was done using methanol as the solvent. The inhibitory test of the extract was carried out by the diffusion well method on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. Analysis of chemical compounds of the M. alba extract was carried out in Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The results of inhibitory test found that the M alba bark extract inhibits the C. verruculosa with the inhibition zone as wide as 36 mm in diameter. The majority of chemical compounds identified from the M. alba extract consisted of 10 compounds, namely: Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 4H-tomentosine; 4H-tomentosine (compound isomer 2); 3-hydroxy pregn-4-ene-20-one; Tomentosine; 2-hydroxy tomentosine; Tert-butyl-2-aminophenylcarbamol; 2H-cyclohepta [b] furan-2-one, 3,3a, 4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-6-(2-formil-3-oxobutyl)-; Isoxanthanol and Xanthanol. To conclude, this extract is useful to treat C. verruculosa that causes leaf spot disease on rice.
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References
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Ivanescu, B., Miron, A. and Corciova, A. 2015. Sesquiterpene Lactones from Artemisia Genus: Biological Activities and Methods of Analysis, J. Anal. Methods Chem. 2015: 1-21.
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Marx, C. E., Bradford, D. W., Hamer, R. M. 2011. Pregnenolone as a novel therapeutic candidate in schizophrenia: emerging preclinical and clinical evidence. Neurosci. 191: 78-90.
Mustapha, N., Abubakar and Runner R. T. M. 2016. GC-MS Analysis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Albiziaadianthifolia (Schumach) and Pterocarpusangolensis (DC). Medicines. 3(3): 3-9.
Pawar, B. T. 2015. Antifungal Activity of Some Latex Against Seed-Borne Pathogenic Fungi. J. Biol. Chem. Research. 32(1): 183-187.
Picman, A. K. 1986. Biological activities of sesquiterpene lactones. Biochem. System. Ecol. 14(3): 255-281.
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Rozenblat, S., Grossman, S., Bergman, M., Gottlieb, H., Cohen, Y. and Dovrat, S. 2008. Induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis by sesquiterpene lactones in human melanoma cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol. 75(2):369-82.
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Sokovic, M., Ciric A., Glamoclija, J. and Skaltsa, H. 2017. Biological Activities of Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from the Genus Centaurea L. (Asteraceae). Cur. Pharm.l Des. 23(19): 2767-2786.
Subcharoen, P. 1999. Herbal and Thai Culture: Part III, Aromatic Plants, The Institute of Thai Traditional Medicine Printing, Bangkok.
Sudha T., Chidambarampillai S. and Mohan V. R. 2013. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Components of Aerial parts of FluggealeucopyrusWilld. (Euphorbiaceae). J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 3(05): 126-130.
Tyagi, T. and Agarwal, M. 2017. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive constituents in the ethanolic extract of Pistia stratiotes. L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms. J. Pharm. Phytochem. 6(1): 195-206.
Venkatesan, G. and Sarada, N. C. 2017. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Bark and Leaf of Boswelliaovalifoliolata. Asian J. Chem. 30(1): 15-19.
Youn, U. J., Miklossy, G., Chai, X., Wongwiwatthananukit, S., Toyama, O., Songsak, T., Turkson, J. and Chang, L. C. 2014. Bioactive sesquiterpene lactones and other compounds isolated from Vernonia cinerea. Fitoterapia. 93: 194-200.
Chandrasekaran, M., Kannathasan K. and Venkatesalu, V. Antimicrobial activity of fatty acid methyl esters of some members of Chenopodiaceae. Z. Naturforsch C. 63(5-6): 331-336.
Chepkirui, C., Sum, W. C., Cheng, T., Matasyoh, J. C., Decock, C. and Stadler, M. 2018. Aethiopinolones A–E, New Pregnenolone Type Steroids from the East African Basidiomycete Fomitiporiaaethiopica. Molecules. 23: 369-378.
Henderson, E., Weinberg, M., Wright, W. A. 1950. Pregnenolone. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.10(4): 455-474.
Huang, L. Y. 2008. Magnolia Chemical Composition and Cytotoxicity Studies. [cited 2010 June 5] Available from: URL: http://fedetd.mis.nsysu.edu.tw/FED-db/cgi-bin/FED-search.
Ivanescu, B., Miron, A. and Corciova, A. 2015. Sesquiterpene Lactones from Artemisia Genus: Biological Activities and Methods of Analysis, J. Anal. Methods Chem. 2015: 1-21.
Krisdiana, D. 2010. Isolation, Characterization, Identification of Components and Test of Essential Oil Activity of Michelia Alba flowers Against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus. [cited 2010 June 7]. Available from URL: http://karya-ilmiah.um.ac.id/index.php/kimia /article/view/6168.
Kumar, V. R., Kumar, S., Shashidhara, S., Anitha, S. and Manjula, M. 2011. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts of Michelia champaca Linn Flowers. Deccan J. Pharmacol. 2(1): 28-39.
Lee, C. H., Chen, H. L., Li, H. T., Chao, W. Y., Chen, C. Y. 2014. Review on Pharmacological Activities of Michelia alba. Int. J. Pharm. Therapeutics. 5(4): 289-292.
Mangang, H. C. and Chetry, G. K. N. 2012. Antifungal Properties of Certain Plant Extracts Against Rhizoctoniasolani Causing Root Rot of French Bean in Organic Soil of Manipur, Int. J. Sci. Reas. Pub. 2(5): 1-4.
Marx, C. E., Bradford, D. W., Hamer, R. M. 2011. Pregnenolone as a novel therapeutic candidate in schizophrenia: emerging preclinical and clinical evidence. Neurosci. 191: 78-90.
Mustapha, N., Abubakar and Runner R. T. M. 2016. GC-MS Analysis and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Albiziaadianthifolia (Schumach) and Pterocarpusangolensis (DC). Medicines. 3(3): 3-9.
Pawar, B. T. 2015. Antifungal Activity of Some Latex Against Seed-Borne Pathogenic Fungi. J. Biol. Chem. Research. 32(1): 183-187.
Picman, A. K. 1986. Biological activities of sesquiterpene lactones. Biochem. System. Ecol. 14(3): 255-281.
Punjee, P., Dilokkunanant, U., Sukkatta, U., Vajrodaya, S., Haruethaitanasan, V., Pitpiangchan, P. and Rakthaworn, P. 2009. Scented Extracts and Essential Oil Extraction from Michelia alba D. C. Kasetsart J. Nat. Sci. 43: 197-203.
Rozenblat, S., Grossman, S., Bergman, M., Gottlieb, H., Cohen, Y. and Dovrat, S. 2008. Induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis by sesquiterpene lactones in human melanoma cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol. 75(2):369-82.
Sanimah, S., Suri, R., Nor-Azizun, R., Hazniza, A., Radzali, M., Rusli, I. and Hassan, M. D. 2008. Volatile Compounds of Essential Oil from Different Stages of Michelia alba Flower Development. J. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc. 36(1)(2008): 109-119.
Semangun, H. 2006. Food Crop Diseases in Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Shang, C., Hu, Y., Deng, C. and Hu, K. 2002. Rapid Determination of Volatile Constituents of MicheliaalbaFlowers by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Solid-Phase Microextraction. J. Chromatography. 942: 283–288.
Sinha, R. and Varma, R. 2016. Michelia champaca L. (Swarna Champa): A Review. Int. J. Enh. Res. Sci. Technol. Eng. 5(8): 78-82.
Sokovic, M., Ciric A., Glamoclija, J. and Skaltsa, H. 2017. Biological Activities of Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from the Genus Centaurea L. (Asteraceae). Cur. Pharm.l Des. 23(19): 2767-2786.
Subcharoen, P. 1999. Herbal and Thai Culture: Part III, Aromatic Plants, The Institute of Thai Traditional Medicine Printing, Bangkok.
Sudha T., Chidambarampillai S. and Mohan V. R. 2013. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Components of Aerial parts of FluggealeucopyrusWilld. (Euphorbiaceae). J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 3(05): 126-130.
Tyagi, T. and Agarwal, M. 2017. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive constituents in the ethanolic extract of Pistia stratiotes. L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms. J. Pharm. Phytochem. 6(1): 195-206.
Venkatesan, G. and Sarada, N. C. 2017. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Bark and Leaf of Boswelliaovalifoliolata. Asian J. Chem. 30(1): 15-19.
Youn, U. J., Miklossy, G., Chai, X., Wongwiwatthananukit, S., Toyama, O., Songsak, T., Turkson, J. and Chang, L. C. 2014. Bioactive sesquiterpene lactones and other compounds isolated from Vernonia cinerea. Fitoterapia. 93: 194-200.
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