Effects of supplementation with phosphorus, calcium and manganese during oil palm frond fermentation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium on ligninase enzyme activity
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Abstract. Pazla R, Jamarun N, Agustin F, Zain M, Cahyani NO. 2020. Effects of supplementation with phosphorus, calcium and manganese during oil palm frond fermentation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium on ligninase enzyme activity. Biodiversitas 21: 1833-1838. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with phosphorus (P) in combination with calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) during oil palm frond (OPF) fermentation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium on ligninase enzyme activity and lignin degradation. This study was carried out using a randomized complete design with 3 treatments (addition of P, Ca and Mn) and 5 replicates. The following treatments were performed: T1 (P 1000 + Ca 2000 + Mn 150 ppm), T2 (P 1500 + Ca 2000 + Mn 150 ppm), and T3 (P 2000 + Ca 2000 +Mn 150 ppm). The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between treatment means were tested using Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The parameters measured were as follows: lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity (U/mL), manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity (U/mL), crude protein (CP) content (%), crude fiber (CF) content (%) and the decrease in lignin (%). The results revealed a significant increase in LiP activity and CP content and a decrease in the lignin content (p<0.05) by the addition of P in the T3 treatment. However, the treatment nonsignificantly increased (p>0.05) MnP activity and significantly decreased (P<0.05) the CF content. In conclusion, supplementation of the OPF fermentation process with P 2000, Ca 2000, and Mn 150 ppm resulted in the highest ligninase enzyme activity and in decreased lignin content.
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References
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Singh. D. and Chen S. 2008. The White-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium conditions for the productions if lignin degrading enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 81.: 399-417.
Subagiyo., S, Margino dan Triyanto. 2015. Pengaruh Penambahan Berbagai Jenis Sumber Karbon, Nitrogen dan Fosfor pada medium deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Asam Laktat Terpilih Yang Diisolasi Dari Istestinum Udang Penaeid. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis. Vol. 18(3): 127-132.
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Suryani, H, M. Zain, R.W.S. Ningrat and N. Jamarun. 2016. Supplementation of Direct Fed Microbial (DFM) on in vitro Fermentability and Degradability of Ammoniated Palm Frond. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 15 (1): 89-94, 2016
Tuomela M, Vikman M, Hattaka A, Itavaara M. 2000. Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: A review. Biosresour Technol 72:169-183.
Van Soest, P.J., J.B. Robertson and B.A. Lewis, 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597.
Yoshida, S., S. Yonehara, Saori Yonehara., Shigemi Minami., cheol Ha., Kenji Iwahara.,Takashi Watanabe.,Yoichi Honda and Masaaki Kuwahara 1996. Production and characterization of ligninolytic enzymes of Bjerkandera adusta grown on wood meal/wheat bran culture and production of these enzymes using a rotary-solid fermenter. Mycoscience 37: 9.
Zain, M., N. Jamarun and A.S. Tjakradidjaja. 2010. Phosphorus Supplementation of Ammoniated Rice Straw on Rumen Fermentability, Synthesised Microbial Protein and Degradability In Vitro. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 4: 357-359.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2015. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (Indonesian Oil Palm Statistics) 2015. BPS Indonesia.
Bonnen, A. M., Anton. L. H and Orth. A. B. 1994. Lignin-Degrading Enzymes of The Commercial Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Appl. Environ.Microbiol. 60(3): 960-965.
Brook, E.J., W.R. Stanton and A. Wall-Bridge, 1969. Fermentation methods for protein enrichment of cassava. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 11: 1271-1284.
Fadilah., S. Distantina., S.R. Dwiningsih dan D.S. Ma’rifah. 2009. Pengaruh penambahan glukosa dan ekstrak yeast terhadap biodelignifikasi ampas batang aren. Ekuilibrium 8 (1) :29-33.
Febrina, D. 2016. Pemanfataan Biodelignifikasi Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Kapang Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Sebagai Pakan Utama Ternak Ruminansia. [Disertasi]. Padang. Program Pasca Sarjana. Fakultas Peternakan. Universitas Andalas
Gassara, F., S.K. Brar., R.D. Tyagi., M. Verma and R.Y. Surampalli. 2010. Screening of Agro-Industrial Wastes to Produce Ligninolytic Enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochem. Eng. J. 49: 388-394.
Imsya, A. 2013.Hasil Biodegradasi Lignoselulosa Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Quineensis) oleh Phanerochaete chrysosporium sebagai Antioksidan dan Bahan Pakan Ternak Ruminansia. Disertasi. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Jamarun, N., Arief dan B. satria. 2016. Pemanfaatan Limbah Kebun dan Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit Supplementasi Probiotik pada Ransum Kambing Peranakan Etawa Menunjang Program Swasembada Susu 2020. Laporan MP3EI.
Jamarun, N., M. Zein, Arief and R. Pazla, 2018. Populations of rumen microbes and the in vitro digestibility of fermented oil palm fronds in combination with Tithonia ( Tithonia diversifolia ) and elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ). Pak. J. Nutr., 17: 39-45.
Jamarun,N., F.Agustin, R.Pazla and Oktia Cahyani,N. Effects of Phosphor (P) Supplementation in combination with Calcim (Ca) and Manganese (mn) During Oil Palm Frond Fermentatation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium on Fiber Fraction Content. 2017. Proceedings of The 5th International Seminar of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science 7-9 Nopember. Mataram, Indonesia. P :435-443.
Jonathan SG., I.O. Fasidi., A.O. Ajayi., A.Adegeye. 2008. Biodegradation ofNigerian wood waste by Pleurotustuber-regium (Fries) Singer.Bioresource and Technology 99: 807-811.
Martínez, A.T., M. Speranza, F.J. Ruiz- Dueñas, P. Ferreira, S. Camarero, F. Guillén.2005. Biodegradation of lignocellulosics: microbial, chemical, and enzymatic aspects ofthe fungal attack of lignin. Int Microbiol. 8:195–204.
Murray, Robert K.,. 2006. Biokimia Harper edition 27. Jakarta: EGC
Musnandar, E. 2003. Pengaruh dosisinokulum marasmius sp. dan lama inkubasi terhadap kandungan komponen serat dan protein murni pada sabut kelapa sawit untuk bahan pakan ternak.Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Nopember, 2006, Vol. IX. No.4.
Nelson. dan Suparjo. 2011. Penentuan lama fermentasi kulit buah kakao dengan Phanerochaete chrysosporium : Evaluasi Kualitas Nutrisi secara Kimiawi. Agrinak 1(1) 1-10.
Pasaribu, T., N. Arini, T. Purwadaria and A.P. Sinurat. 2003. Evaluasi nilai gizi fermentasi lumpur sawit dengan penambahan fosfor dari sumber yang berbeda. JITV 8(3): 157-163.
Pazla, R., M. Zain., I,Ryanti and A.Dona. 2018. Supplementation of Minerals (Phosphorus and Sulfur) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a Sheep Diet Based on a Cocoa By-product. Pak. J. Nutr., 17: 329-335.
Singh. D. and Chen S. 2008. The White-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium conditions for the productions if lignin degrading enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 81.: 399-417.
Subagiyo., S, Margino dan Triyanto. 2015. Pengaruh Penambahan Berbagai Jenis Sumber Karbon, Nitrogen dan Fosfor pada medium deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Asam Laktat Terpilih Yang Diisolasi Dari Istestinum Udang Penaeid. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis. Vol. 18(3): 127-132.
Suparjo dan Nelson. 2012. Fraksi serat dan kecernaan in vitro kulit buah kakao yangdifermentasi dengan Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Agrinak Vol.02(01):41-48.
Suparjo. 2008. Degradasi Komponen Lignoselulosa oleh Kapang Pelapuk Putih. Diakses dari jajo66.wordpress.com.
Suryani, H, M. Zain, R.W.S. Ningrat and N. Jamarun. 2016. Supplementation of Direct Fed Microbial (DFM) on in vitro Fermentability and Degradability of Ammoniated Palm Frond. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 15 (1): 89-94, 2016
Tuomela M, Vikman M, Hattaka A, Itavaara M. 2000. Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: A review. Biosresour Technol 72:169-183.
Van Soest, P.J., J.B. Robertson and B.A. Lewis, 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597.
Yoshida, S., S. Yonehara, Saori Yonehara., Shigemi Minami., cheol Ha., Kenji Iwahara.,Takashi Watanabe.,Yoichi Honda and Masaaki Kuwahara 1996. Production and characterization of ligninolytic enzymes of Bjerkandera adusta grown on wood meal/wheat bran culture and production of these enzymes using a rotary-solid fermenter. Mycoscience 37: 9.
Zain, M., N. Jamarun and A.S. Tjakradidjaja. 2010. Phosphorus Supplementation of Ammoniated Rice Straw on Rumen Fermentability, Synthesised Microbial Protein and Degradability In Vitro. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 4: 357-359.
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