Antibacterial activity of Cordyline fruticosa leaf extracts and its endophytic fungi extracts
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Abstract. Elfita, Mardiyanto, Fitrya, Larasati JE, Julinar, Widjajanti H, Muharni. 2019. Antibacterial activity of Cordyline fruticosa leaf extracts and its endophytic fungi extracts. Biodiversitas 20: 3804-3812. Endophytic fungi live by forming colonies in plant tissues without harming the host plant. Cordyline fruticose has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections; therefore, its endophytic fungi are expected to have similar activity. In this study, C. fruticosa leaves were extracted with gradient solvents and evaluated for their antibacterial activity using the Kirby–Bauer method against Gram-negative (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. The extracts of endophytic fungi from C. fruticosa leaves were evaluated for their antibacterial activity, as well. The endophytic fungus with good antibacterial activity was identified by molecular and phylogenetic methods. Chemical compounds from endophytic fungus DB1 were isolated by chromatography and subsequently determined by spectroscopy. The methanol extract of C. fruticosa leaves showed strong antibacterial activity equivalent to the endophytic fungus (DB1). Molecular identification and analysis through the phylogenetic tree showed that the DB1 fungus has a high level of similarity to Neurospora tetrasperma strain APBSDSF108. The antibacterial compounds (compound 1 and 2) isolated from the endophytic fungus DB1 were identified as 4-hydroxy-5-phenylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl acetate and ergosterol, respectively.
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References
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Amin MU, Khurram M, Khattak B, Khan J. 2015.Antibiotic Additive and Synergistic Action of Rutin, Morin and Quercetin Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC. Complement Altern Med 15: 59-70.
Budiono, Elfita, Muharni, Yohandini H, Widjajanti H. 2019. Antioxidant Activity of Syzigium samarangense L. and Their Endophytic Fungi. Molekul 14(1): 48-55.
Bungtongdee N, Sopalun K, Laosripaiboon W, Lamtham S. 2018. The Chemical Composition, Antifungal, Antioxidant and Antimutagenicity Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Fungal Endophytes Associated with Thai Orchids. J Phytopathology. 2019(167): 56-64.
Calcul L, Waterman C, Ma WS, Lebar MD, Harter C, Mutka T, Morton L, Maignan P, Olphen AV, Kyle DE, Vrijmoed L, Pang KL, Pearce C, Baker BJ. 2013. Screening Mangrove Endophytic Fungi for Antimalarial Natural Products. Mar. Drugs 11: 5036-5050.
Chi Wei-Chiung, Pang Ka-Lai, Chen Wei-Ling, Wang Guei-Jane, Lee Tzong-Huei. 2019. Antimicrobial and iNOS Inhibitory Activities of The Endophytic Fungi Isolated from The Mangrove Plant Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis. Bot Stud 60: 4-11.
Cushine TPM, Lamb AJ. 2005. Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids. IJAA 26(5): 343-356.
Deshmukh SK, Verekar SA, Bhave SV. 2015. Endophytic Fungi : A Reservoir of Antibacterials. Frontiers in Microbiology 5(715): 1-43.
Ding Z, Tao T, Wang L, Zhao Y, Huang H, Zhang D, Liu M, Wang Z, Han J. 2019. Bioprospecting of Novel and Bioactive Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Rubber Tree Ficus elastic Leaves. J Microbiol Biotechnol 29(5): 731-738.
Elfita E, Muharni M, Mardiyanto M, Fitrya F, Nurmawati E, Simangungsong R. 2019. Antibacterial activity of Ageratum conyzoides and their endophytic fungi extracts. MBL 47 (3) (In Press).
Fadhillah, Elfita, Muharni, Yohandini H, Widjajanti H. 2019. Chemical Compound Isolated from Antioxidant Active Extract of Endophytic Fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum in Swietenia mahagoni leaf stalks. Biodiversitas 20(9): 2645-2650.
Fouedjou RT, Teponno RB, Quassinti L, Bramucci M, Petrelli D, Vitali LA, Fiorini D, Tapondjou LA, Barboni L. 2014. Steroidal Saponins from The Leaves of Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. and Their Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activity. Phytochemistry Letters 7: 62-68.
Fuedjaou RT, Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Ponou BK, Nguelefack TB, Barboni L, Tapondjou LA. 2016. Antioxidant Activities and Chemical Constituents of Extracts from Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. (Agavaceae) and Eriobotrya Japonica (Thunb) Lindl, (Rosaceae). Pharmacologia 7 (2-3): 103-113.
Gallo MBC, Chagas FO, Almeida MO, Macedo CC, Cavalcanti BC, Barros FWA, Moraes MO, Lotufo LCC, Pessoa C, Bastos JK, and Pupo MT. 2009. Endophytic fungi found in association with Smallanthus sonchifolius (Asteraceae) as resourceful producers of cytotoxic bioactive natural products. Journal of Basic Microbiology 49: 142-151.
Garyali S, Kumar A, Reddy MS. 2013. Taxol Production By An Endophytic Fungus, Fusarium redolens, Isolated from Himalayan Yew. J Microbiol Biotechnol 23(10): 1372-1380.
Hermansyah, Adhiyanti N, Julinar, Rahadiyanto KY, Susilawati.2017. Identification of Candida Species By Assimilation and Multiplex-PCR Methode. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 52(6): 1070-1078.
Hussain H, Kliche-Spory C, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Abbas G, Green IR, Schulz B, Krohn K, Shah A. 2014. Antimicrobial Constituents from Three Endophytic Fungi. Asian Pac J Trop Med 7(Suppl 1): S224-S227.
Kalyanasundaram I, Nagamuthu J, Muthukumaraswamy S. 2015. Antimicrobial Activityof Endophytic Fungi Isolated and Identified from Salt Marsh Plant in Vellar Estuary. J Microbiol Antimicrob 7(2): 13-20.
Liang H, Xing Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Guo S, Wang C. 2012. Antimicrobial Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ophiopongon japanicus (Liliaceae). BMC. Complement Altern Med 12: 238-244.
Marcellano JP, Collanto AS, Fuentes RG. 2017. Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from The Bark of Cinnnamomum mercadoi. Pharmacogn J 9(3): 405-409.
Nwakanma C, EN Njoku, T Pharamat. 2016. Antimicrobial Activity of Secondary Metabolites of Fungi Isolated from Leaves of Bush Mango. Next Generat Sequenc & Applic 3(3): 1-6.
Pinheiro EAA, Pina JRS, Feitosa AO, Carvalho JM, Borges FC, Marinho PSB, Marinho AMR. Bioprospecting of Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Endophtic Fungi from Bauhinia guianensis. Rev. Argent. Microbiol 49(1): 3-6.
Praptiwi, Raunsai M, Wulansari D, Fathoni A, Agusta A. 2018. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Endophytic Fungi Extracts of Medicinal Plants from Central Sulawesi. JAPS 8(08): 069-074.
Qiu J, Xiang H, Hu C, Wang Q, Dong J, Li H, Luo M, Wang J, Deng X. 2010. Subinhibitory Concentration of Farrerol Reduce ?-toxin Expression in Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 315 (2011): 129-133.
Wang Y, Liu Hong-Xin, Chen Yu-Chen, Sun Zhang-Hua, Li Hao-Hua, Li Sai-Ni, Yan Ming-Li, Zhang Wei-Min.Two New Metabolites from The Endophytic Fungus Alternaria sp. A744 Derived from Morinda officinalis. Molecules 22: 765-771.
Yohandini H, Julinar J, Muharni M. 2015. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of thermophile community within Tanjung Sakti hot spring, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Hayati J. Biosci. 22: 143-148.
Zhao J, Zhou L, Wang J, Shan T, Zhong L, Liu X, Gao X. 2010. Endophytic fungi for producing bioactive compounds originally from their host plants. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology A. Mendez-Vilas(Ed), 567-576.
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