Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus paramycoides from Xiem duck against poultry pathogens
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 382
File Views: 222
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Thuy NP, Tuu NT. 2025. Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus paramycoides from Xiem duck against poultry pathogens. Biodiversitas 26: 5567-5573. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in poultry production poses a significant threat, demanding the development of effective antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to isolate and identify native Bacillus strains from the gastrointestinal tract of Vietnamese Xiem ducks (Cairina moschata) and screen them for antagonistic activity against key poultry pathogens. Using heat-shock isolation and agar well diffusion assays, 30 different Bacillus species were obtained from 50 healthy ducks. In vitro screening via an agar well diffusion assay showed that over 93% of these isolates possessed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among 30, isolate B10 exhibited the highest efficacy, creating significant inhibition zones against E. coli (?10 mm), S. enterica (6-9 mm), and S. aureus (6-9 mm). Molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene identified isolate B10 as Bacillus paramycoides. This study reports the first identification of B. paramycoides from Xiem ducks, highlighting the importance of indigenous poultry as a reservoir for novel, host-derived probiotics. However, given its taxonomic affiliation with the B. cereus group, a rigorous safety evaluation, including genomic screening for virulence factors, is an essential prerequisite for its future development and application in sustainable poultry farming.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
AbdelRahman MAA, Amer F. 2021. Characterization of toxin gene profiles and antibiotic resistance genes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ducks. Adv Anim Vet Sci 9 (8): 1150-1158. DOI: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.8.1150.1158.
Aguidissou ONC, Akpo Y, Adoko AMJ, Adoligbéa CM, Koutinhouin BG, Boko CK, Farougou S. 2022. Avian salmonellosis and colibacillosis: Risk factors, antibiotic resistance, public health impact and biological control. Intl J Poult Sci 21: 90-106. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2022.90.106.
Ainyakou-Sanga M, Goualie B, Kipre R, Bolou E, Sylla A, Yavo A, Kra D, Kakou-Ngazoa S, Karou G. 2025. Sustainable valorization of poultry slaughterhouse waste using Bacillus strains isolated from poultry manure. Am J BioScience 13: 88-95. DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20251303.12.
Al Azad S, Hossain KM, Rahman SMM, Al Mazid MF, Barai P, Gazi MS. 2020. In ovo inoculation of duck embryos with different strains of Bacillus cereus to analyse their synergistic post-hatch anti-allergic potentialities. Vet Med Sci 6 (4): 992-999. DOI: 10.1002/vms3.279.
Azizi MN, Zahir A, Mahaq O, Aminullah N. 2024. The alternatives of antibiotics in poultry production for reducing antimicrobial resistance. World Vet J 14 (2): 270-283. DOI: 10.54203/scil.2024.wvj34.
De S, Kaur G, Roy A, Dogra G, Kaushik R, Yadav P, Singh R, Datta TK, Goswami SL. 2010. A simple method for the efficient isolation of genomic DNA from lactobacilli isolated from traditional indian fermented milk (dahi). Indian J Microbiol 50 (4): 412-418. DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0079-4.
Duraisamy S, Husain F, Balakrishnan S, Sathyan A, Subramani P, Chidambaram P, Arokiyaraj S, Al-Qahtani WH, Rajabathar J, Kumarasamy A. 2022. phenotypic assessment of probiotic and bacteriocinogenic efficacy of indigenous LAB strains from human breast milk. Curr Issues Mol Biol 44 (2): 731-749. DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020051.
El-Banna N, Qaddoumi SS. 2016. Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus cereus: Isolation, identification and the effect of carbon and nitrogen source on its antagonistic activity. J Microbiol Antimicrob 8 (2): 7-13. DOI: 10.5897/jma2015.0340.
Evangelista AG, de Melo Nazareth T, Luz C, Dopazo V, Moreno A, Riolo M, Meca G, Luciano FB. 2024. The probiotic potential and metabolite characterization of bioprotective Bacillus and Streptomyces for applications in animal production. Animals 14 (3): 388. DOI: 10.3390/ani14030388.
Fatma HI, Abdelkhalek A, Elsherbini M. 2023. Prevalence of Bacillus cereus virulence genes in some dairy desserts. Mansoura Vet Med J 24 (3): 109-116. DOI: 10.35943/2682-2512.1004.
Firmani U, Nurdiani R, Ekawati AW, Nursyam H. 2023. Molecular identification of amylolytic bacteria isolated from digestive tract of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Pak J Zool 55: 2941-2949. DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220216070257.
Fitri L, Aulia TB, Fauzi A, Kamil GA. 2023. Characterization and screening of urease activity of ureolytic bacteria from landfills soil in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24 (2): 910-915. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240229.
Golnari M, Bahrami N, Milanian Z, Khorasgani MR, Asadollahi MA, Shafiei R, Fatemi SS-A. 2024. Isolation and characterization of novel Bacillus strains with superior probiotic potential: Comparative analysis and safety evaluation. Sci Rep 14 (1): 1457. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51823-z.
Hamed RI, Nabil NM, Tawakol MM, AbouKhadra SH. 2024. An overview of current status of salmonellosis in duck farms in Egypt. Egypt J Anim Health 4: 182-189. DOI: 10.21608/ejah.2024.374425.
Hanim C, Cahya VA, Yusiati LM, Kurniawati A. 2021. Isolation and identification of bacteriocin-producing Bacillus strain isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of Indonesian native chicken (Gallus domesticus). In: 10th International Seminar and 12th Congress of Indonesian Society for Microbiology (ISISM 2019). Advances in Biological Sciences Research. DOI: 10.2991/absr.k.210810.007.
Hatem EA, Hashad NA, Bayomi EB, Kamal AA. 2024. Antimicrobial effect of isolated lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. Sci J Fac Sci Menoufia Univ 28: 49-67. DOI: 10.21608/sjfsmu.2024.326749.1009.
Hellany H, Assaf JC, Barada S, El-Badan D, El Hajj R, Najem SA, Fayad AGA, Khalil MI. 2024. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis BSP1 from soil: Antimicrobial activity and optimization of fermentation conditions. Processes 12: 1621. DOI: 10.3390/pr12081621.
Hu J, Chen L, Li G, Pan Y, Lu Y, Chen J, Xiong W, Zeng Z. 2023. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of fosB-positive Staphylococcus aureus in duck farms in Guangdong, China in 2020. J Antimicrob Chemother 78 (3): 802-809. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad014.
Jovanovic J, Ornelis VFM, Madder A, Rajkovic A. 2021. Bacillus cereus food intoxication and toxicoinfection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 20 (4): 3719-3761. DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12785.
Khushboo, Karnwal A, Malik T. 2023. Characterization and selection of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from different dietary sources for development of functional foods. Front Microbiol 14: 1170725. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1170725.
Krysiak K, Konkol D, Korczy?ski M. 2021. Overview of the use of probiotics in poultry production. Animals 11 (6): 1620. DOI: 10.3390/ani11061620.
Li X, Li W, Zhao L, Li Y, He W, Ding K, Cao P. 2024. Characterization and assessment of native lactic acid bacteria from broiler intestines for potential probiotic properties. Microorganisms 12 (4): 749. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040749.
Magome TG, Surleac M, Hassim A, Bezuidenhout CC, Van Heerden H, Lekota KE. 2025. Decoding the anomalies: A genome-based analysis of Bacillus cereus group strains closely related to Bacillus anthracis. Front Microbiol 16: 1527049. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1527049.
Manhar AK, Saikia D, Bashir Y, Mech RK, Nath D, Konwar BK, Mandal M. 2015. In vitro evaluation of celluloytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AMS1 isolated from traditional fermented soybean (Churpi) as an animal probiotic. Res Vet Sci 99: 149-156. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.01.008.
Mazanko MS, Popov IV, Prazdnova EV, Refeld AG, Bren AB, Zelenkova GA, Chistyakov VA, Algburi A, Weeks RM, Ermakov AM, Chikindas ML. 2022. Beneficial effects of spore-forming Bacillus probiotic bacteria isolated from poultry microbiota on broilers’ health, growth performance, and immune system. Front Vet Sci 9: 877360. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.877360.
Msemakweli JG, Mzuka K, Osward A. 2024. One health approach to antimicrobial resistance: Integrating human, animal, and environmental perspectives. J Pub Health Comm Med 1 (4): 132-142. DOI: 10.5455/jphcm.20240918103501.
Nicolas GM. 2025. Secondary metabolites from Bacillus spp. probiotics as potential treatments for multidrug-resistant pathogens: A comprehensive review. Curr Res Microb Sci 8: 100392. DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100392.
Ogbuewu IP, Mabelebele M, Sebola NA, Mbajiorgu C. 2022. Bacillus probiotics as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics and its influence on growth, serum chemistry, antioxidant status, intestinal histomorphology, and lesion scores in disease-challenged broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 9: 876725. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.876725.
Ostad E, Ataee N, Shokouhfard M. 2024. Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus coagulans supernatant against human enteric pathogens. Shiraz E-Med J 25 (10): e140293. DOI: 10.5812/semj-140293.
Patil SS, Shinduja R, Suresh KP et al. 2021. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of infectious diseases of duck: A world perspective. Saudi J Biol Sci 28 (9): 5131-5144. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.034.
Penaloza-Vazquez A, Ma LM, Rayas-Duarte P. 2019. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus spp. strains as potential probiotics for poultry. Can J Microbiol 65 (10): 762-774. DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0019.
Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Gil-Campos M, Gil A. 2019. Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Adv Nutr 10 (Suppl 1): S49-S66. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy063.
Pohanka M. 2020. Bacillus anthracis as a biological warfare agent: Infection, diagnosis and countermeasures. Bratisl Lek Listy 121 (3): 175-181. DOI: 10.4149/bll_2020_026.
Rahimoon MM, Mirani AH, Sahito JK, Bhutto AL, Khoso PA, Leghari RA, Kaka A, Aqeel M, Bughio R, Kalwar Q, Malak KA. 2023. Ameliorative effect of probiotics used in animals: A comprehensive review. Pure Appl Biol 13: 179-193. DOI: 10.19045/bspab.2024.130018.
Ramlucken U, Lalloo R, Roets Y, Moonsamy G, van Rensburg CJ, Thantsha MS. 2020. Advantages of Bacillus-based probiotics in poultry production. Livest Sci 241: 104215. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104215.
Shen C, Zhang Y. 2022. Biochemistry test of bacteria-1 (urease test, carbohydrate fermentation, catalase test, oxidase test). In: Shen C, Zhang Y (eds). Introductory Microbiology Lab Skills and Techniques in Food Science. Academic Press, Amsterdam. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821678-1.00005-8.
Swacita IBN, Suardana IW, Sudisma IGN, Wihadmadyatami H. 2022. Molecular identification of Lactic acid bacteria SR6 strain and evaluation of its activity as an anticancer in T47D cell line. Vet World 15 (6): 1583-1588. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1583-1588.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S. 2021. MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Mol Biol Evol 38 (7): 3022-3027. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab120.
Tran C, Cock IE, Chen X, Feng Y. 2022. Antimicrobial Bacillus: Metabolites and their mode of action. Antibiotics 11 (1): 88. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010088.
Tripathi N, Zubair M, Sapra A. 2020. Gram staining. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, Florida.
Truong QP, Phan TCT, Vu HH, Pham TTN, Huynh TG, Vu NU. 2021. Isolation of potential probiotic Bacillus subtilis CM3.1 and its effects on the water quality and growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. AACL Bioflux 14 (6): 3347-3357.
Xie Y, Peng Q, Ji Y, Xie A, Yang L, Mu S, Li Z, He T, Xiao Y, Zhao J, Zhang Q. 2021. Isolation and identification of antibacterial bioactive compounds from Bacillus megaterium L2. Front Microbiol 12: 645484. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645484.