Characterization, molecular and pathogenicity of Metarhizium huainamdangense isolated from Dumoga against the corn leafhopper Peregrinus maidis
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 229
File Views: 206
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Siahaan P, Langanawa M, Mangais RER. 2025. Characterization, molecular and pathogenicity of Metarhizium huainamdangense isolated from Dumoga against the corn leafhopper Peregrinus maidis. Biodiversitas 26: 6111-6119. The corn leafhopper (Peregrinus maidis) is a major pest of maize, causing significant yield losses and threatening sustainable production. Reliance on chemical pesticides has led to resistance and environmental risks, creating a demand for eco-friendly alternatives. Entomopathogenic fungi, particularly Metarhizium spp., have shown strong potential as biological control agents. This study characterized and evaluated the pathogenicity of a local Metarhizium isolate from West Dumoga, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Morphological observations confirmed colony and conidial traits typical of Metarhizium. Molecular identification through ITS sequencing placed the isolate within the Metarhizium huainamdangense clade with >98% similarity. Conidial density reached 1.39 × 10? conidia/mL with 100% germination after 24 hours, indicating strong physiological fitness. Pathogenicity assays against P. maidis demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent mortality, with up to 100% mortality at 10? conidia/mL by day 14. However, the high LC?? (1 × 10?. conidia/mL) and LT?? (>8.5 days) values indicate relatively low virulence compared with other Metarhizium species. This study confirms the Dumoga local isolate as Metarhizium huainamdangense and has potential as a promising biocontrol agent with formulation optimization to improve field effectiveness in integrated pest management.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Aw KMS, Hue SM. 2017. Mode of infection of Metarhizium spp. fungus and their potential as biological control agents. J Fungi 3 (2): 30. DOI: 10.3390/jof3020030.
Bamisile BS, Akutse KS, Siddiqui JA, Xu Y. 2021. Model application of entomopathogenic fungi as alternatives to chemical pesticides: Prospects, challenges, and insights for next-generation sustainable agriculture. Front Plant Sci 12: 741804. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741804.
Baró Y, Schuster C, Gato Y, Márquez ME, Leclerque A. 2022. Characterization, identification, and virulence of Metarhizium species from Cuba to control the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius Fabricius (Coleoptera: Brentidae). J Appl Microbiol 132 (5): 3705-3716. DOI: 10.1111/jam.15460.
Bava R, Castagna F, Piras C, Musolino V, Lupia C, Palma E, Britti D, Musella V. 2022. Entomopathogenic fungi for pests and predators control in beekeeping. Vet Sci 9: 95. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020095.
Bunsak A, Homhaul W, Pongprasert W, Ruangrit K, Intanon S. 2023. Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi from natural ecosystems in Phetchabun, Thailand, and their virulence against brown planthopper. Curr Appl Sci Technol 23: 1-15. DOI: 10.55003/cast.2023.04.23.013.
Dissanayake AJ, Bhunjun CS, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Liu JK. 2020. Applied aspects of methods to infer phylogenetic relationships amongst fungi. Mycosphere 11: 2652-2676. DOI: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/18.
Faria M, Lopes RB, Souza DA, Wraight SP. 2015. Conidial vigor vs. viability as predictors of virulence of entomopathogenic fungi. J Invertebr Pathol 125: 68-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.12.012.
Fatimah G, Rahayu R, Hasmiwati. 2020. Lethal Concentration (LC50, LC90, and LC98) and lethal time (LT50, LT90, and LT98) at various temephos concentrations of Aedes aegypti L. larvae. Intl J Mosq Res 7 (1): 1-3.
Gebremariam A, Chekol Y, Assefa F. 2021. Phenotypic, molecular, and virulence characterization of entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsam) Vuillemin, and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin from soil samples of Ethiopia for the development of mycoinsecticide. Heliyon 7 (5): e07091. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07091.
Giammarino A, Bellucci N, Angiolella L. 2024. Galleria mellonella as a model for the study of fungal pathogens: Advantages and disadvantages. Pathogens 13: 233. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030233.
Haque Z, Iqbal MS, Ahmad A, Khan MS, Prakash J. 2020. Molecular characterization of Trichoderma spp. isolates by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region sequencing technique and its use as a biocontrol agent. Open Biotechnol J 14: 70-77. DOI: 10.2174/1874070702014010070.
Hasibuan R, Retnosari D, Yasin N, Purnomo P, Wibowo L. 2021. The influence of some control techniques on the population of maize plant hopper in Sub District Natar South Lampung. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 9 (1): 61-74. [Indonesian]
Higashi CHV, Bressan A. 2013. Infection rates and comparative population dynamics of Peregrinus maidis (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on corn plants with and without symptoms of maize mosaic virus (Rhabdoviridae: Nucleorhabdovirus) infection. Environ Entomol 42 (5): 949-956. DOI: 10.1603/en12321.
Hill JG, Virla EG, Fernandez PC, Luft-Albarracin E, Coll-Aráoz MV. 2024. Dalbulus maidis and Peregrinus maidis, both phloem-feeding hoppers, induce different volatile profiles in maize consequences for a natural enemy. J Pest Sci 97: 87-97. DOI: 10.1007/s10340-023-01612-w.
Hu J, Cui H, Hong M, Xia Y, Zhang W. 2022. The Metarhizium anisopliae strains expressing dsRNA of the NlCHSA enhance virulence to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Agriculture 12 (9): 1393. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12091393.
Ibrahim E, Firmansyah F, Panikkai S. 2021. The effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in controlling the green leaf hopper (Nephotettix virescens). IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 911: 012061. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012061.
Indriyanti DR, Putri RIP, Widiyaningrum P, Herlina L. 2017. Density, viability of conidia, and symptoms of Metarhizium anisopliae infection on Oryctes rhinoceros larvae. J Phys: Conf Ser 824: 012058. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/824/1/012058.
Indriyanti DR, Wijayanti D, Setiati N. 2021. The effect of Beauveria bassiana on the larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros. J. Phys: Conf Ser 1918 052091. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1918/5/052091.
Kalogiannidis S, Kalfas D, Chatzitheodoridis F, Papaevangelou O. 2022. Role of crop-protection technologies in sustainable agricultural productivity and management. Land 11 (10): 1680. DOI: 10.3390/land11101680.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35 (6): 1547-1549. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy096.
Lei CJ, Halim NA, Asib N, Zakaria A, Azmi WA. 2022. Conidial emulsion formulation and thermal storability of Metarhizium anisopliae against red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Microorganisms 10 (7): 1460. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071460.
Li J, Xia Y. 2022. Host-pathogen interactions between Metarhizium spp. and locusts. J Fungi 8 (6): 602. DOI: 10.3390/jof8060602.
Mongkolsamrit S, Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, Tasanathai K, Noisripoom W, Lamlertthon S, Houbraken J, Samson RA, Luangsa-Ard J. 2020. Revisiting Metarhizium and the description of new species from Thailand. Stud Mycol 95: 171-251. DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.04.001.
Passara H, Sittichok S, Sinthusiri J, Moungthipmalai T, Puwanard C, Murata K, Soonwera M. 2024. Ovicidal toxicity and morphological changes in housefly eggs induced by the essential oils of star anise and lemongrass and their main constituents. Insects 15 (7): 481. DOI: 10.3390/insects15070481.
Peng Y, Tang J, Hong M, Xie J. 2020. Suppression of rice planthopper populations by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae without affecting the rice microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 86 (21): e01337-20. DOI: 10.1128/aem.01337-20.
Peng Z-Y, Huang S-T, Chen J-T, Li N, Wei Y, Nawaz A, Deng S-Q. 2022. An update of a green pesticide: Metarhizium anisopliae. All Life 15 (1): 1141-1159. DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2147224.
Prastowo S, Soeharto, Addy HS, Handoyo T. 2022. Virulence of Metarhizium isolated from infected Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae around coconut plantations in East Java, Indonesia. Egypt J Biol Pest Control 32: 146. DOI: 10.1186/s41938-022-00642-3.
Qasim M, Ronliang J, Islam W, Ali H, Khan KA, Dash CK, Jamal ZA, Wang L. 2021. Comparative pathogenicity of four entomopathogenic fungal species against nymphs and adults of citrus red mite on the citrus plantation. Intl J Trop Insect Sci 41: 737-749. DOI: 10.1007/s42690-020-00263-z.
Rahmawasiah, Abadi AL, Mudjiono G, Rizali A. 2022. The effect of integrated pest management on Scirpophaga innotata population and natural enemies in rice fields in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23 (9): 4510-4516. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230917.
Saganuwan SA. 2020. Application of median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of pathogenic microorganisms and their antigens in vaccine development. BMC Res Notes 13 (1): 289. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05126-x.
Siahaan P, Mangais RER, Kolondam B, Tangapo A, Mambu S. 2023. Genetic diversity of Metarhizium sp. isolated from various hosts in East Dumoga, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24 (12): 6888-6896. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241250.
Siddique AB, Albrectsen BR, Ilbi H, Siddique AB. 2022. Optimization of protocol for construction of fungal ITS amplicon library for high-throughput Illumina sequencing to study the mycobiome of aspen leaves. Appl Sci 12 (3): 1136. DOI: 10.3390/app12031136.
Souto AL, Sylvestre M, Tölke ED, Tavares JF, Barbosa-Filho JM, Cebrián-Torrejón G. 2021. Plant-derived pesticides as an alternative to pest management and sustainable agricultural production: Prospects, applications, and challenges. Molecules 26 (16): 4835. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164835.
Souza DA, de Oliveira CM, Tamai MA, Faria M, Lopes RB. 2021. First report on the natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in populations of the leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): Pathogen identifications and their incidence in maize crops. Fungal Biol 125: 980-988. DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.08.004.
Umaru FF, Simarani K. 2022. Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungal formulations against Elasmolomus pallens (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) and their extracellular enzymatic activities. Toxins 14 (9): 584. DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090584.
Wang Y, Tang D-X, Duan D-E, Wang Y-B, Yu H. 2020. Morphology, molecular characterization, and virulence of Beauveria pseudobassiana isolate from different hosts. J Invertebr Pathol 172: 107333. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107333.
Wongkar J, Tarore D, Rimbing J. 2022. Pathogenicity of Metarhizium huainamdangense isolates from Dumoga, Bolaang Mongondow District against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in paddy fields. J Bios Logos 12 (1): 25-30. DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v12i1.37827. [Indonesian]
Yousef-Yousef M, Romero-Conde A, Quesada-Moraga E, Garrido-Jurado I. 2022. Production of microsclerotia by Metarhizium sp., and factors affecting their survival, germination, and conidial yield. J Fungi 8 (4): 402. DOI: 10.3390/jof8040402.
Zheng J-Y, Jian C-C, Wang D. 2024. Virulence and pathological characteristics of a new Metarhizium anisopliae strain against Asian long-horn beetle Anoplophora glabripennis larvae. Forests 15 (6): 1045. DOI: 10.3390/f15061045.