Risk analysis of human-wildlife conflict in Leuser Ecosystem Area, Indonesia

IRWANDI IRWANDI; ABDUL RAUF; RAHMAWATY RAHMAWATY; DELVIAN DELVIAN; R. HAMDANI HARAHAP; AGUS PURWOKO

doi:10.13057/biodiv/d270120

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Published: 2026-03-02

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270120

Keywords:

Community livelihoods, conflict impact, human-wildlife conflict, mixed methods, risk

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IRWANDI

Doctoral Program in Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Postgraduate School, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Dr. T. Mansur No. 9, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia

ABDUL RAUF ♥

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Dr. A. Sofian No. 3, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia

RAHMAWATY

Program of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Simalingkar A, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang 20353, North Sumatra, Indonesia

DELVIAN

Program of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Simalingkar A, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang 20353, North Sumatra, Indonesia

R. HAMDANI HARAHAP

Graduate Program of Development Studies, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Prof. T. Hanafiah Padang Bulan, Medan 20222, North Sumatra, Indonesia

AGUS PURWOKO

Graduate Program of Regional and Rural Development Planning, Postgraduate School, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Dr. T. Mansur No. 9, Medan, 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Irwandi, Rauf A, Rahmawaty, Delvian, Hamdani, Purwoko A. 2026. Risk analysis of human-wildlife conflict in Leuser Ecosystem Area, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270120. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270120. Over the past six years, the Aceh Natural Resources Conservation Agency recorded 542 incidents of human-elephant conflict. In 2023 alone, 13 farmers and residents were attacked by wild tigers and elephants, resulting in injuries and fatalities. Additionally, at least 19 tigers died in Aceh between 2019 and 2022. This study aims to assess the risk of wildlife conflict to community livelihoods in seven villages within the Leuser Ecosystem Area. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection involved the distribution of questionnaires covering 10% of households from the total population. The combined population of the seven surveyed villages is 2,673 households, from which 268 households (10%) were sampled using proportionate random sampling based on population size in each village. In addition to questionnaires, the study also conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). In addition to questionnaires, the study also conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). These were designed to validate survey findings and capture deeper community perspectives on risk perception, conflict experiences, and local coping strategies. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study found that the perceived risk of wildlife conflict to livelihoods was generally low. However, some villages reported a medium level of risk. Most villages exhibited moderate vulnerability, with significant variation across dimensions of human, social, economic, physical, and environmental vulnerability. From a risk assessment perspective, the combination of low vulnerability and low threat levels contributes to a low overall risk of wildlife conflict for local government.

Issue

Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)

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Articles

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

ABDUL RAUF, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Dr. A. Sofian No. 3, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Profil

Prof. Dr. Ir. Abdul Rauf, M.P., lahir di Binjai pada tanggal 17 September 1959, adalah seorang dosen Agroteknologi di Universitas Sumatera Utara yang mengkhususkan diri dalam bidang Konservasi Tanah dan Air dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). Beliau menyelesaikan pendidikan terakhirnya pada Program Doktoral Ilmu Tanah,di IPB pada tahun 2004.

Sebagai seorang profesor, Prof. Dr. Ir. Abdul Rauf telah berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam pengembangan ilmu agroteknologi, terutama dalam aspek konservasi tanah dan air serta pengelolaan DAS. Dedikasinya terhadap pendidikan, penelitian, dan penerapan ilmu tersebut mencerminkan komitmen terhadap keberlanjutan pertanian dan pelestarian lingkungan di Universitas Sumatera Utara.

RAHMAWATY, Program of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Simalingkar A, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang 20353, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Dilahirkan di Ujung Pandang, Sulawesi Selatan pada tanggal 21 Juli 1974. Pada tahun 1997, menyelesaikan pendidikan Program Sarjana dari Fakultas Kehutanan IPB Bogor. Program Pasca Sarjana pada Prodi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan IPB pada tahun 2000, dan memperoleh gelar Doktor pada tahun 2009. Saat ini sebagai staf pengajar di Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara. Bidang yang ditekuni adalah Perencanaan dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan dan Lahan serta Lingkungan. Berperan aktif dalam pengajaran di S1 dan S2 Kehutanan Fakultas Kehutanan USU, S2 dan S3 Ilmu Pertanian, S2 Biologi, S2 dan S3 Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan Sekolah Pasca Sarjana USU, serta aktif sebagai peneliti dan sebagai tenaga ahli pada beberapa instansi pemerintah serta kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat. Aktif mengikuti organisasi profesi, seperti: Persatuan Insinyur Indonesia (PII), Komunitas Manajemen Hutan Indonesia, Rumah Akademisi Kehutanan Indonesia (RAKI), Ahli Perubahan Iklim Indonesia, Forum Komunikasi Kehutanan Masyarakat (FKKM), HITI, INAFE, dan MAFI, Regional SEARCA Alumni Association, Selain itu juga sebagai asesor pada Lembaga Sertifikasi Profesi (LSP) Rimbawan Indonesia BNSPdan telah tersertifikasi dari LSP HI sebagai Pendamping KPH. Aktif sebagai narasumber pada berbagai seminar, pelatihan dan lokakarya, serta menulis beberapa buku. Selain itu menjadi tenaga ahli/tim pakar pada beberapa instansi pemerintah/swasta. Berperan aktif dalam organisasi profesi. Beberapa Penghargaan dan Tanda Jasa yang pernah diperoleh, diantaranya: High Scholastic Achievement for Academic Year 2008-2009 oleh Graduate School – UPLB Los Banos, Philippines, The Honor Society of Agriculture oleh Gamma Sigma Delta (UPLB Chapter) at Los Banos, 2009 Philippines, Dosen Berprestasi I Tingkat Universitas Sumatera Utara 2012, Penghargaan Life Style Achievement 2013 oleh UKWI-USU, Piagam Tanda Kehormatan Satyalancana Karya Satya X 2013 Presiden RI, Akademisi Terbaik I Tingkat USU kategori publikasi terbanyak 1 Tingkat USU 2020, Peneliti Terbaik I Tingkat USU 2021 dan Penghargaan Pelopor Insinyur dari PII BKT HUT 2021.

DELVIAN, Program of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Simalingkar A, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang 20353, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Delvian, S.P., M.P. merupakan dosen tetap Program Studi Kehutanan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara. Lahir di Tes, Kabupaten Rejang Lebong sebagai anak keenam dari pasangan Alm. H. Ibrahim Djaid dan Almh. Hj. Nurjani. Telah menikah dengan Dr. Idha Aprilyana Sembiring, S.H., M.Hum dan telah dikaruniai 2 orang anak Bernama Auzy Adzkia Alkhansa Villiani dan Syifa Syakhira Villiani. Memperoleh gelar Sarjana dari Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Bengkulu pada tahun 1993. Pada tahun 1995 – 1997 memperoleh Beasiswa URGE Batch II dari World Bank untuk mengikuti Program Magister Ilmu Pertanian di Program Pascasarjana Universitas Andalas. Selanjutnya pada tahun 1998 hingga 2003 mengikuti Pendidikan Program Doktor pada Program Studi Ilmu Pengetahuan Kehutanan, Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor dengan pembiayaan Beasiswa URGE Batch V dari World Bank. Sejak Desember 2002, Prof. Delvian mulai mengabdi sebagai Dosen CPNS pada Program Studi Kehutanan, Fakultas Pertanian USU. Pada tahun 2004 beliau diangkat sebagai Dosen Tetap Program Studi Kehutanan, Fakultas Pertanian USU dalam Jabatan Asisten Ahli dmk Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Pada 1 April 2023 melalui SK Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi RI Nomor 287032/M/07/2023, Prof. Delvian diangkat menjadi Profesor/Guru Besar dalam bidang ilmu Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Selama berkarir, beliau pernah mendapat kepercayaan sebagai pengelola program studi pada tingkat Strata 1 dan juga Strata 3. Pada 2004 - 2010, beliau dipercaya sebagai Sekretaris Departemen Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian USU. Selanjutnya, pada 2010 – 2015 beliau diangkat mejadi Sekretaris Program Studi Doktor Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (PSL) SPs USU. Kemudian pada 2015 – 2017 beliau menjabat sebagai Ketua Program Studi Magister dan Doktor PSL SPs USU. Pada tahun 2017 hingga sekarang, beliau kembali diberi amanah sebagai Sekretaris Program Doktor PSL SPs USU. Selain mengajar dan mengelola program studi, Prof. Delvian juga aktif melakukan kegiatan penelitian ilmiah terutama dalam kajian baik dasar maupun terapan terkait dengan fungi mikoriza arbuskula sebagai mikroba tanah bermanfaat. Prof. Delvian aktif dalam melakukan kegiatan pengadian pada masyarakat terutama terkait dengan masalah dan isu lingkungan khususnya dalam bidang kehutanan. Selain itu, beliau juga sering melakukan kegiatan kajian teknis lapangan dengan beberapa Lembaga baik pemerintah maupun non-pemerintah, antara lain Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Propsu, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan RI, serta The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).

AGUS PURWOKO, Graduate Program of Regional and Rural Development Planning, Postgraduate School, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Dr. T. Mansur No. 9, Medan, 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Ir. Agus Purwoko, S.Hut., M.Si. dilahirkan di Kejobong, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, pada tanggal 1 Agustus 1974. Beliau adalah peneliti dan staf pengajar di Program Sarjana dan Magister Kehutanan sejak tahun 1999 dan Program Magister dan Doktoral Perencanaan Pembangunan Wilayah dan Perdesaan sejak tahun 2006, Program Doktoral Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan sejak tahun 2018, di Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia dengan pangkat Professor.

Beliau memperoleh gelar Sarjana Kehutanan pada tahun 1997 di IPB University, Indonesia. Nyala semangat mengecap pendidikan menghantarkan Agus Purwoko melanjutkan Pendidikan Magister Perencenaan Wilayah dan Pendesaan tahun 2005 dan Doktor Perencanaan Wilayah tahun 2011 di Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. Saat ini, Prof. Agus menjabat sebagai Wakil Dekan III bidang Penelitian, Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, dan Kerja Sama di Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara. Beliau mengajar beberapa mata kuliah seperti Valuasi Ekonomi SDA dan Penilaian Kerusakan Lingkungan (S3), Metode dan Ilmu Perencanaan Wilayah (S3), Perencanaan Wilayah Lanjutan (S3), Teori Lokasi dan Pengembangan Wilayah (S3), Perencanaan Wilayah (S2), Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Hutan (S2), Perencanaan Tata Ruang (S2), Kebijakan dan Peraturan Perundangan Kehutanan (S1), Ekonomi Sumberdaya Hutan (S1), Penilaian Ekonomi Sumberdaya Hutan (S1), Metodologi Penelitian Sosial (S1), Kewirausahaan (S1) dan Bisnis Kehutanan (S1).
Sampai saat ini beliau aktif mengajar dan membimbing penelitian mahasiswa (skripsi, tesis maupun disertasi).

Beliau juga aktif meneliti pada topik-topik yang terkait dengan bidang keahliannya, seperti manajemen hutan, ekonomi sumber daya alam dan lingkungan, manajemen wisata alam, serta perencanaan pembangunan wilayah dan perdesaan. Berbagai publikasi yang ditulis Bersama dengan tim beliau lainnya dapat diakses secara terbuka baik pada akun Google Scholar maupun Scopus. Hingga saat ini, lebih dari 280 artikel telah tercatat di Google Scholar dengan 49 artikel yang terideks scopus telah terbit.
Beliau lebih banyak meneliti topik-topik terkait dengan pengembangan wilayah berbasis manajemen dan pengembangan potensi sumber daya hutan (terutama nonkayu dan jasa). Berbagai bentuk pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan sumber daya hutan oleh masyarakat, perusahaan, dan pemerintah daerah menjadi fokus penelitiannya untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan merekomendasikan cara, pendekatan, serta kebijakan untuk pengembangannya. Selain itu, beliau juga berkolaborasi dengan banyak ahli dan pakar dari berbagai latar belakang dan lembaga dalam menjalankan berbagai penelitian dan pengabdian. Tidak hanya itu, beliau juga terus belajar dari para ahli senior untuk mengembangkan kapasitas dan keilmuannya.

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