Identification and characterization of corn plants for downy mildew resistance in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 395
File Views: 34
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Hanafiah DS, Syamsafitri, Mariati, Hanum C, Muhdi, Rakasiwi G, Abdurrahman MH, Nur MA, Sahtika D. 2025. Identification and characterization of corn plants for downy mildew resistance in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2130-2138. The collection of germplasm determines the success of variety assembly. The genetic material contained in the germplasm has a strategic meaning in the assembly or improvement of varieties. This study aims to identify the kinship between morphological characteristics of individual corn plants. This study was conducted in Karo and Dairi Districts, North Sumatra, Indonesia from July-August 2024. Identification and plant characterization are carried out to preserve germplasm, which is the initial stage in breeding activities, especially in local germplasm. Characterization was carried out on corn genotypes in several villages in two districts in North Sumatra. The survey method used plant descriptors from the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties (UPOV) guide with a purposive method for determining the location and sampling technique. A total of 26 corn plant cultivars were studied. The result showed that based on the cluster method (grouping) of morphological characteristics, 3 groups were formed. The differences include stem color, leaf angle and ear tip shape. The closest cultivars are cultivars 14 and 16 from Kuta Tengah Village, Siempat Nempu Hulu Sub-district. The results of the characterization and identification of corn plants did not find any downy mildew attacks in Karo and Dairi Districts. The implication of this research is information on the diversity of corn germplasm and for the next stage the utilization of germplasm for corn plant breeding programs in North Sumatra.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Balduzzi M, Binder B, Bucksch A, Chang C, Hong L, Iyer-Pascuzzi A, Pradal C, Sparks E, 2017. Reshaping plant biology: Qualitative and quantitative descriptors for plant morphology. Front Plant Sci 3: 117. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00117.
Chung MY, Merilä J, Li J, Mao K, López-Pujol J, Tsumura Y, Chung MG. 2023. Neutral and adaptive genetic diversity in plants: An overview. Front Ecol Evol 11: 1116814. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1116814.
Directorate General of Food Crops. 2011. Prospects for Corn Development. Directorate General of Food Crops, Jakarta.
Ezin V, Kpanougo CMI, Ahanchede A. 2022. Genetic diversity and environmental influence on morphological and yield parameters of corn in Benin. Heliyon 8 (6): e09670. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09670.
Gashaw G, Alemu T, Tesfaye K. 2014. Evaluation of disease incidence and severity and yield loss of finger millet varieties and mycelial growth inhibition of Pyricularia grisea isolates using biological antagonists and fungicides in vitro condition. J Appl Biosci 73: 5883-5901.
Ginting C, Prasetyo J, Dirmawati SR, Ivayani, Timotiwu PB, Maryono T, Widyastuti, Chafisa DIR, Asyifa A, Setyowati E, Pasaribu AHZ. 2020. Identification of corn downy mildew pathogen in Lampung and the effects of varieties and metalaxyl on disease incidence. Ann Res Rev Biol 35 (7): 23-35. DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i730244.
Govindaraj M, Vetriventhan M, Srinivasan M. 2015. Importance of genetic diversity assessment in crop plants and its recent advances: An overview of its analytical perspectives. Genet Res Intl 2015: 431487. DOI: 10.1155/2015/431487.
Hanafiah DS, Safni I, Siregar LAM, Damanik RIM, Lestami A, Matondang M. 2020. Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii. Biodiversitas 21 (10): 4537-4542. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211010.
Hanafiah DS, Sanggita S, Lubis K. 2018. The phenotypic appearance of japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) in Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19 (2): 559-564. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190226.
Heino M. 2014. Chapter four-quantitative traits. Appl Fish Sci 2014: 59-76. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397003-9.00004-7.
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties (UPOV). 2023. Corn. UPOV, Switzerland.
Islam S, Ferdausi A, Sweety AY, Das A, Ferdoush A, Haque MA. 2020. Morphological characterization and genetic diversity analyses of plant traits contributed to grain yield in corn (Zea mays L.). J Biosci Agric Res 25 (1): 2047-2059. DOI: 10.18801/jbar.250120.251.
Jadhav KP, Senthil N, Tamilarasi PM, Ganesan KN, Paranidharan V, Raveendran M, Ramalingam J. 2019. QTL mapping for sorghum downy mildew disease resistance in corn (Zea mays L.) in recombinant inbred line population of UMI79 X UMI936 (w). Curr Plant Biol 20: 100124. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2019.100124.
Kemble JM, Bertucci KM, Jennings IM, Meadows C, Rodrigues JF, Walgenbach AL, Wszelaki. 2022. Southeast U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook. Great American Media Services, United States.
Ketthaisong D, Suriharn B, Tangwongchai R, Lertrat K. 2014. Combining ability analysis in complete diallel cross of waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) for starch pasting viscosity characteristics. Sci Hortic 175: 229-235. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.019.
Kim HC, Kim KH, Song K, Kim JY, Lee BM. 2020. Identification and validation of candidate genes conferring resistance to downy mildew in corn (Zea mays L.). Genes 11 (2): 191. DOI: 10.3390/genes11020191.
Kim JY, Moon J, Kim HC, Shin S, Song K, Kim KH, Lee BM. 2017. Identification of downy mildew resistance candidates by positional cloning in corn (Zea mays subsp. mays; Poaceae). Appl Plant Sci 5 (2): 1-7. DOI: 10.3732/apps.1600132.
Kumar P, Singh SK, Shukla RS, Elahi T, Prajapati SS, Rahangdale S. 2022. Morphological characterization for important breeding traits in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] genotypes. Biol Forum Intl J 14 (2): 1323-1330.
Kusmec A, Leon ND, Schnable PS. 2018. Harnessing phenotypic plasticity to improve corn yields. Front Plant Sci 9: 1377. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01377.
Ky H, Giang VQ, Nguyen-Loc H, Nguyen CTT, Keong YS. 2022. Variation in phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the soybean collection at Can Tho University. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 44 (5): 1172-1178. DOI: 10.14456/sjst-psu.2022.152.
Lahlali RSE, Radouane N, Kenfaoui J, Esmaeel Q, El Hamss HE, Barka EA. 2022. Biological control of plant pathogens: A global perspective. Microorganisms 10 (3): 596. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030596.
Lutatenekwa DL, Mtengeti EJ, Msalya GM. 2020. A review of plant characterization: First step towards sustainable forage production in challenging environments. Afr J Plant Sci 14 (9): 350-357. DOI: 10.5897/AJPS2020.2041.
Majhi PK, Mogali SC, Abhisheka LS. 2020. Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation studies for seed yield and yield components in early segregating lines (F3) of greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Intl J Chem Stud 8 (4): 1283-1288. DOI: 10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4k.9779.
Malasari T. 2022. Abundant Stocks, These are the 5 Largest Corn Producing Provinces in Indonesia. https://pertanian.sariagri.id/103093/stok-melimpah-ini-5-provinsi-penghasil-jagung-terbesar-di-indonesia. [Indonesian]
Maulana KS, Hanafiah DS, Nugraha F, Wahyuni H, Alfi R. 2024. Identification of local cultivars of red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) in Lubuk Cuik Village, Batu Bara District. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 1297: 012054. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1297/1/012054.
Mirsam H, Suriani, Rahman A, Pakki S, Azrai M, Prayitno OD. 2021. Genotype resistance of hybrid corn varieties candidate against major corn diseases. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 911: 012054. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012054.
Muis A, Nonci N, Pabendon MB. 2016. Geographical distribution of Peronosclerospora spp., the causal organism of corn downy mildew, in Indonesia. AAB Bioflux 8 (3): 143-155.
Pangestu DA, Sutjahjo SH, Ritonga AW. 2023. Genetic and morphological diversity of various corn lines for the determination of waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) parents. Biodiversitas 24 (10): 5643-5652. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241046.
Rustiani US, Sinaga MS, Hidayat SH, Wiyono S. 2015. Ecological characteristic of Peronosclerospora maydis in Java, Indonesia. Intl J Sci Basic Appl Res 19 (1): 159-167.
Sadravi M, Tavakoli M. 2014. Forecasting model for downy mildew of cucumber. Plant Pathol Sci 3 (2): 66-74.
Sahid ZD, Syukur M, Maharijaya A, Nurcholis W. 2022. Quantitative and qualitative diversity of chili (Capsicum spp.) genotypes. Biodiversitas 23 (2): 895-901. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230230.
Salazar AM, Pascual CB, Caasi-Lit MT, Pentecostes KZ, Dumalag PY, Ladia VA, Paril JF. 2016. Breeding potential of Philippine traditional corn varieties. Sabrao J Breed Genet 48 (2): 154-161.
Sangeetha CG, Siddaramaiah AL. 2007. Epidemiological studies of white rust, downy mildew and Alternaria blight of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern. and Coss.). Afr J Agric Res 2 (7): 305-308.
Shilpashree N, Devi SN, Manjunathagowda DC, Muddappa A, Abdelmohsen SAM, Tamam N, Elansary HO, El-Abedin TKZ, Abdelbacki AMM, Janhavi V. 2021. Morphological characterization, variability and diversity among vegetable soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes. Plants 10 (4): 671. DOI: 10.3390/plants10040671.
Shrestha DS, Chaudhary JN, Ghimire KH, Shrestha J. 2022. Phenotypic characterization and diversity of Nepalese garlic (Allium sativum L.) landraces. J Agric Nat Resour 5 (1): 228-238. DOI: 10.3126/janr.v5i1.50834.
Sravanti K, Devi IS, Sudarshan MR, Supriya K. 2017. Evaluation of corn genotypes (Zea mays L.) for variability, heritability, and genetic advance. Intl J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6 (10): 2227-2232. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.263.
Suharjo R, Swibawa G, Prasetyo J, Fitriana Y, Danaatmadja Y, Budiawan A, Roberts S, Noorhajati N, Amad M, Thines M. 2020. Peronosclerospora australiensis is a synonym of P. maydis, which is widespread on Sumatra, and distinct from the most prevalent Java corn downy mildew pathogen. Mycol Prog 19: 1309-1315. DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01628-x
Syahruddin K, Suwardi. 2023. Genetic variability, heritability, and correlation of hybrids corn agronomy characters adaptive to dry land, medium plains. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 1230 (1): 012121. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012121.
Tan H, Wang G, Zhao F, Bao F, Han H, Lou X. 2022. Correlation and cluster analysis of agronomic characters of 115 waxy corn varieties. Corn Genom Genet 13 (1): 1-10. DOI: 10.5376/mgg.2022.13.0001.
Thera UK, Timsina A, Ramaswamy N, Sowmya V, Singh V. 2021. Survey and incidence of rice sheath blight in major rice growing areas of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Intl J Chem Studies 9 (1): 2164-2167. DOI: 10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1ad.11542.
Widiantini F, Yulia E, Purnama T. 2015. Morphological variation of Peronosclerospora maydis, the causal agent of corn downy mildew from different locations in Java-Indonesia. J Agric Eng Biotechnol 3: 23-27. DOI:10.18005/JAEB0302002.