Variability total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Curcuma zanthorrhiza and C. aeruginosa cultivated in three different locations in West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Suryani, Al Anshory AC, Marlin, Artika IM, Ambarsari L, Nurcholis W. 2022. Variability total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Curcuma zanthorrhiza and C. aeruginosa cultivated in three different locations in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1998-2003. Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb. and C. aeruginosa Roxb. are medicinal plants belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, which contained phenolic compounds. Phenolic is one of the antioxidant compounds. This study aimed to investigate variation on the total phenolic and antioxidant activity of three C. zanthorrhiza varieties and twenty C. aeruginosa genotypes cultivated in three different locations in West Java, Indonesia. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, whereas antioxidant activity was used spectrophotometry using DPPH method. The total phenolic content ranged from 2.403 to 7.539 mg GAE/ g DW) differed significantly among the C. zanthorrhiza and C. aeruginosa varieties/genotypes, with the highest concentration found in the Cursina 3 variety of C. zanthorrhiza in Cianjur. The antioxidant activity ranged from 2.443 to 14.960 µmol TE/g DW, with the maximum activity identified in the Cursina 2 variety of C. zanthorrhiza in the Bogor location. G1, G6, G13, and G16 were identified as stable genotypes for phenolic antioxidant production. Three C. zanthorrhiza cultivars demonstrated higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than all C. aeruginosa genotypes in all planting areas. C. zanthorrhiza cultivars are the most promising source of phenolic content and antioxidant activity and are thus recommended for mass plantation at suitable locations in West Java, Indonesia to maximize potential.