Antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential, total phenolic and flavonoids of three plant species of Rubiaceae from Banggai Island, Indonesia
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Abstract. Praptiwi, Sulistiarini D, Qodrie ENP, Sahroni D. 2021. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant potential, total phenolic and flavonoids of three plant species of Rubiaceae from Banggai Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2773-2778. The present study was carried out to study the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different plant parts (stems, leaves, and fruit) of the family Rubiaceae (Timonius celebicus, Psychotria celebica, Gardenia mutabilis) collected from the Banggai Islands. Screening of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and antioxidant potential was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography- Bioautography. Determination of IC50 and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was carried out by microdilution in a 96-well microplate. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content was determined by the colorimetric method. Total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was varied from 29.78-380.99 mg GAE/g extract and 105.61-841.18 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of three plant species was varied from moderate to very strong. Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI) was found more affected by TFC than TPC. The antibacterial activity of the extract against E. coli was weak, while some extracts have moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus
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References
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Wojdy?o A, Oszmia´nski J, and Czemerys R. 2007. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chemistry vol. 105(3): 940–949.
Zou Y, Lu Y and Wei D. 2004. Antioxidant activity of flavonoid-rich extract of Hypericum perforatum L in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. 52:5032-9.
Britanicca. 2020. Rubiaceae, plant family. https://www.britannica.com/plant/Rubiaceae
Cai Y, Sun M, Corke H. 2003. Antioxidant activity of betalains from plants of the Amaranthaceae. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51: 2288–2294.
Chandra S, Khan S, Avula B, Lata H, Yang MH, ElSohly MA, and Khan IA. 2014. Assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid content,
antioxidant properties, and yield of aeroponically and conventionally grown leafy vegetables and fruit crops: A Comparative Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine vol. 2014, Article ID 253875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253875.
Cos P, Ying L, Calomme M. et al.1998. Structure-activity relationship and classification of flavonoids as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and superoxide scavengers. Journal of Natural Products vol. 61(1): 71–76.
Davis AP, Govaerts R, Bridson DM, Ruhsam M, Moat J, and Brummitt NA. 2009. A global assessment of distribution, diversity, endemism and taxonomic effort in the Rubiaceae. ANN. MISSOURI BOT.GARD. 96: 68–78. Access 4 Maret 2021
Dehpour AA, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Seyed Fazel N, Seyed Mohammad N. 2009. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasasy Aceites 60: 405–412
El-Abbassi A, Kiai H, Hafidi A. 2012. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activities of olive mill wastewater. Food Chem. 132: 406–412. pmid:26434308
Ferguson LR. 2010. Chronic inflammation and mutagenesis. Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 690: 3–11.
Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, and Rahmat A. 2011. Effects of solvent type on phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activities in two varieties of young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extracts. [accessed Mar 22 2021]. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research vol. 5(7): 1147-1154. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215441562_
Ghasemzadeh A., and Ghasemzadeh N. 2011. Flavonoids and phenolic acids: Role and biochemical activity in plants and human. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research vol. 5(31): 6697-6703. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.1404
Grzelak EM, Jesionek W, Majer-Dziedzic B, Choma IM. 2013. Application of the novel direct bioautography tests for analysis of antimicrobials: A Review, Special Section. Journal of AOAC Int. 96:1167-1174.
Ismail J, Runtuwene MRJ, Fatimah F. 2012. Penentuan total fenolik dan uji aktivitas antioksidan pada biji dan kulit buah pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke) Jurnal Ilmiah Sains vol. 12(2): 84-88
Karou SD, Tchacondo T, Ilbuodo DP, Simpore J. 2011. Sub-Saharan Rubiaceae: A Review of Their Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 14(3): 149-169. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.149.169
Koohsari H, Ghaemi EA, Sheshpoli MS, Jahedi M, and Zahiri M. 2015. The investigation of antibacterial activity of selected native plants from North of Iran. Journal of Medicine and Life vol. 8, special issue 2: 38-42.
Losada-Barreiro S, Bravo-Díaz C. 2017. Free radicals and polyphenols: The redox chemistry of neurodegenerative diseases. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 133: 379–402.
Martins D and Nunez CV. 2015. Secondary metabolites from Rubiaceae species. Molecules 20: 13422-13495. DOI:10.3390/molecules200713422
Murakami A, Miyamoto M, and Ohigashi H. 2004. Zerumbone, an anti-inflammatory phytochemical, induces expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Biofactors, 21: 95-101. DOI: 10.1002/biof.552210118
Ramarathnam N, Ochi H, and Takeuchi M. 1997. Antioxidant defense system in vegetable extracts, in Natural Antioxidants, Chemistry, Health Effects and Applications, F. Shahidi, Ed., pp. 76–87, AOCS Press, Champaign, Ill, USA, 1997.
Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Bolwell PG, Bramley PM, and Pridham JB. 1995. The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Radical Research vol. 22(4): 375–383.
Shahidi F, Janitha PK, Wanasundara PD. 1992. Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition. 32(1): 67-103.
Sembiring EN, Elya B, Sauriasari R. 2018. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of different parts of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Pharmacog J. 10(1):123-127.
Simões CMO, Schenkel EP, Gosmann G, Mello JCP, Mentz LA, Petrovick PR. 2004. Farmacognosia: Da planta ao medicamento, 6th ed; UFSC University Press: Florianópolis, Brazil, p. 1104
Viegas C, Bolzani VS, Barreiro EJ. 2006. Os produtos naturais e a química medicinal moderna. Quim. Nova 29: 326–337.
Wojdy?o A, Oszmia´nski J, and Czemerys R. 2007. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chemistry vol. 105(3): 940–949.
Zou Y, Lu Y and Wei D. 2004. Antioxidant activity of flavonoid-rich extract of Hypericum perforatum L in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. 52:5032-9.
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