Seagrass-associated fish species’ richness: evidence to support conservation along the south coast of Lombok Island, Indonesia
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Abstract. Syukur A, Al-Idrus A, Zulkifli L. 2021. Seagrass-associated fish species’ richness: evidence to support conservation along the South Coast of Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 988-998. The concept of seagrass conservation at a global scale tends to be less appropriate with regard to the environmental conditions at the regional and local scales, and thus, there is a need for scientific studies at the regional and local scales to support conservation measures. This research aimed to describe the importance of seagrass conservation based on the species richness of seagrass-associated fish. Data were collected from seven seagrass locations using surveys and observation. Data on the fish species present were collected with the gear used by small-scale fishermen to catch fish in the seagrass area and the surrounding waters. Data analysis was descriptive; the statistical analyses performed included calculation of the Shannon-Wiener index of diversity (H '), the Simpson evenness index (E), and the Morisita species richness index (D) as well as cluster analysis. All statistical analyses were performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 25. We found 104 fish species belonging to 38 families. Leiognathidae, Apogonidae, Clupeidae, Carangidae, Channidae, Sillaginidae, and Mullidae are families with high abundance, and 16 fish species have an abundance of individuals above the average value (192 individuals) of the total number of individuals (20,352). Meanwhile, 94.37% of the fish families are the target catch of small-scale fishermen (commercial fish). The diversity of fish species associated with seagrass in the study location is evidence of the survival of seagrass provision services at the local scale for fish. Therefore, scientific evidence of the species richness of fish, species yang domina, and its importance for small-scale fisheries at each seagrass bed in the study location can be used as a source of information for increasing and improving seagrass conservation efforts at the local scale.
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References
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Griffiths, L. L., Connolly, R. M., & Brown, C. J. (2020). Critical gaps in seagrass protection reveal the need to address multiple pressures and cumulative impacts. Ocean & Coastal Management, 183, 104946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104946
Heck Jr, K. L., Hays, G., & Orth, R. J. (2003). Critical evaluation of the nursery role hypothesis for seagrass meadows. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 253, 123-136.
Henderson, C. J., Stevens, T., Lee, S. Y., Gilby, B. L., Schlacher, T. A., Connolly, R. M., Warnken, J., Maxwell,P.S,. & Olds, A. D. (2019). Optimising seagrass conservation for ecological functions. Ecosystems, 22(6), 1368-1380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00343-3
Hidayati, N., & Suparmoko, M. (2018). Fish assemblage structure in relation to seagrass bed in Tidung Kecil Island, Kepulauan Seribu. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 74, p. 02005). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187402005
Idrus. A. A.. Syukur. A.. & Zulkifli. L. (2019. December). The diversity of fauna in mangrove community: Success replanting of mangroves species in South Coastal East Lombok. Indonesia. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1402. No. 3. p. 033042). IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033042
Irawan, A., Supriharyono, S., Hutabarat, J., & Ambariyanto, A. (2018). Seagrass beds as the buffer zone for fish biodiversity in coastal water of Bontang City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 19(3), 1044-1053. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190337
Gell. F. R.. & Whittington. M. W. (2002). diversity of fishes in seagrass beds in the Quirimba Archipelago. northern Mozambique. Marine and Freshwater Research. 53(2). 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF01125
Jackson, E. L., Rowden, A. A., Attrill, M. J., Bossey, S. J., & Jones, M. B. (2001). The importance of seagrass beds as a habitat for fishery species. Oceanography and marine biology, 39, 269-304.
Jackson, E. L., Rees, S. E., Wilding, C., & Attrill, M. J. (2015). Use of a seagrass residency index to apportion commercial fishery landing values and recreation fisheries expenditure to seagrass habitat service. Conservation Biology, 29, 899–909. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12436
Jänes. H.. Macreadie. P. I.. Zu Ermgassen. P. S.. Gair. J. R.. Treby. S.. Reeves. S.. Emily Nicholsona. E.. Ierodiaconou. D.. & Carnell. P. (2020). Quantifying fisheries enhancement from coastal vegetated ecosystems. Ecosystem Services. 43. 101105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101105
Jeyabaskaran. R.. Jayasankar. J.. Ambrose. T. V.. Vineetha Valsalan. K. C.. Divya. N. D.. Raji. N & Kripa. V. (2018). Conservation of seagrass beds with special reference to associated species and fishery resources. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India. 60(1). 62-70. doi: 10.6024/jmbai.2018.60.1.2038-10
Khalaf. M. A.. Al-Rousan. S.. & Al-Horani. F. A. (2012). Fish assemblages in seagrass habitat along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. Natural Science. 4(8). 517-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2012.48069
Kholis. N.. Patria. M. P.. & Soedjiarti. T. (2017. July). Composition and diversity of fish species in seagrass bed ecosystem at Muara Binuangeun. Lebak. Banten. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1862. No. 1. p. 030119). AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4991223
Kiggins. R. S.. Knott. N. A.. New. T.. & Davis. A. R. (2019). Fish assemblages in protected seagrass habitats: Assessing fish abundance and diversity in no-take marine reserves and fished areas. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 5: 213–223 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2019.10.004
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