Urbanization level and its effect on the structure and function of homegarden (pekarangan) vegetation in West Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Ali MS, Arifin HS, Nurhayati. 2021. Urbanization level and its effect on the structure and function of homegarden (pekarangan) vegetation in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 173-183. Urbanization occurs in West Java Province, Indonesia is currently reducing the ecological value of Indonesian pekarangan or homegardens by decreasing the average area of ??homegarden and the diversity and abundance of vegetation in them. One study site was in Bogor District, i.e. Selahuni 2, Ciomas Rahayu Village. Four sites in Bogor City, i.e. Sirnagalih-Pagentongan in Loji Village, Tegal Gundil Lama and Tegal Gundil Baru settlements in Tegal Gundil Village, and Baranangsiang Indah Settlement in Katulampa Village. One study site in Cianjur District, i.e. Cibakung Hamlet in Selajambe Village. The objective of this paper is to show the level of urbanization in each area of studies analyzed by Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and the dynamics of homegarden vegetation by comparing data from 1998, 2007, and 2019. The results showed that the levels of urbanization in the six study sites were moderately urbanized and highly urbanized. Homegarden dynamics occurred in the direction of changing homegarden area and the number of species and individuals of plants there. The dynamics of the homegarden due to urbanization have increased the composition of non-ornamental species, mostly fruit plants in all research sites in 2019.
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References
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Cai Y, Selod H, Steinbuks J. 2018. Urbanization and land property rights. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. 70:246-257.doi:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.04.007.
Cheng L, Xia N, Jiang P, Zhong L, Pian Y, Duan Y, Huang Q, Li M. 2015. Analysis of farmland fragmentation in China Modernization Demonstration Zone since "Reform and Openness": A case study of South Jiangsu Province. Sci. Rep. 5(July):1-11.doi:10.1038/srep11797.
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Gomes E, Banos A, Abrantes P, Rocha J, Kristensen SBP, Busck A. 2019. Agricultural land fragmentation analysis in a peri-urban context: From the past into the future. Ecol. Indic. 97:380-388.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.10.025.
Hakim L. 2014. Etnobotani dan Manajemen Kebun-Pekarangan Rumah: Etnobotani dan Manajemen Kebun-Pekarangan Rumah: Ketahanan Pangan, Kesehatan dan Agrowisata. Malang: Penerbit Selaras.
High C, Shackleton CM. 2000. The comparative value of wild and domestic plants in home gardens of a South African rural village. Agrofor. Syst. 48(2):141-156.doi:10.1023/A:1006247614579.
Kalantari Z, Ferreira CSS, Walsh RPD, Ferreira AJD, Destouni G. 2017. Urbanization Development under Climate Change: Hydrological Responses in a Peri-Urban Mediterranean Catchment. L. Degrad. Dev. 28(7):2207-2221.doi:10.1002/ldr.2747.
Kiesling FM, Manning CM. 2010. How green is your thumb? Environmental gardening identity and ecological gardening practices. J. Environ. Psychol. 30(3):315-327.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.02.004.
Kumar B, Nair P. 2004. The enigma of tropical homegardens. Agrofor. Syst. 61(1-3):135–152.doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AGFO.0000028995.13227.ca.
Lin BB, Philpott SM, Jha S. 2015. The future of urban agriculture and biodiversity-ecosystem services: Challenges and next steps. Basic Appl. Ecol. 16(3):189-201.doi:10.1016/j.baae.2015.01.005.
Liu X, Li Z, Liao C, Wang Q, Zhu A, Li D, Li Y, Tang Z. 2015. The development of ecological impact assessment in China. Environ. Int. 85:46-53.doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.004.
Lu H, Xie H, Yao G. 2019. Impact of land fragmentation on marginal productivity of agricultural labor and non-agricultural labor supply: A case study of Jiangsu, China. Habitat Int. 83(November):65-72.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.11.004.
Lutviandhitarani G, Harjanti DW, Wahyono F. 2015. Green Antibiotic Daun Sirih (Piper betle l.) Sebagai Pengganti Antibiotik Komersial untuk Penanganan Mastitis. J. Agripet. 15(1):28-32.doi:10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2296.
Mayanti R. 2007. Studi dinamika struktur vegetasi pada pekarangan di Jawa Barat (studi kasus: Cibakung, Sirnagalih-Pagentongan, Babakan Sukaningal, Tegal Gundil Pemukiman Lama, Tegal Gundil Pemukiman Baru, dan Baranangsiang Indah). Institut pertanian Bogor.
Mazumdar Shampa, Mazumdar Sanjoy. 2012. Immigrant home gardens: Places of religion, culture, ecology, and family. Landsc. Urban Plan. 105(3):258-265.doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.12.020.
Mohri H, Lahoti S, Saito O, Mahalingam A, Gunatilleke N, Irham, Hoang VT, Hitinayake G, Takeuchi K, Herath S. 2013. Assessment of ecosystem services in homegarden systems in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Ecosyst. Serv. 5:124-136.doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.006.
Mulyana R, Alikodra HS, Arifin HS, Prasetyo LB. 2007. Karakteristik bangunan rumah dan bentuk permukiman di wilayah DAS Cianjur, Jawa Barat. J. Sains dan Teknol. EMAS. 17(3):213-226.
Ochoa JJ, Tan Y, Qian QK, Shen L, Moreno EL. 2018. Learning from best practices in sustainable urbanization. Habitat Int. 78(May):83-95.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.05.013.
Robbany IF, Gharghi A, Traub K-P. 2019. Land Use Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Monitoring in Metropolitan Area of Jakarta (Jabodetabek) from 2001 to 2015. KnE Eng. 2019:257-268.doi:10.18502/keg.v4i3.5862.
Romero H, Vásquez A, Fuentes C, Salgado M, Schmidt A, Banzhaf E. 2012. Assessing urban environmental segregation (UES). the case of Santiago de Chile. Ecol. Indic. 23:76-87.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.012.
Rustiadi E, Pribadi DO, Pravitasari AE, Indraprahasta GS, Iman LS. 2015. Jabodetabek Megacity: From City Development Toward Urban Complex Management System. Di dalam: Yadav P, Bhagat RB, editor. Urban Development Challenges, Risks and Resilience in Asian Mega Cities. Springer Japan. hlm. 157-173.
Schneider A, Mertes CM, Tatem AJ, Tan B, Sulla-Menashe D, Graves SJ, Patel NN, Horton JA, Gaughan AE, Rollo JT, et al. 2015. A new urban landscape in East-Southeast Asia, 2000-2010. Environ. Res. Lett. 10(3):1-14.doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/3/034002.
Schneider A, Seto KC, Webster DR. 2005. Urban growth in Chengdu, western China: Application of remote sensing to assess planning and policy outcomes. Environ. Plan. B Plan. Des. 32(3):323-345.doi:10.1068/b31142.
Seto KC. 2011. Exploring the dynamics of migration to mega-delta cities in Asia and Africa: Contemporary drivers and future scenarios. Glob. Environ. Chang. 21(SUPPL. 1):S94-S107.doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.08.005.
Seto KC, Kaufmann RK. 2003. Modeling the drivers of urban land use change in the Pearl River Delta, China: Integrating remote sensing with socioeconomic data. Land Econ. 79(1):106-121.doi:10.2307/3147108.
Van Der Stege C, Vogl-Lukasser B, Vogl CR. 2010. The role of homegardens in strengthening social—ecological resilience: Case studies from Cuba and Austria. Di dalam: Plieninger T, Bieling C, editor. Resilience and the Cultural Landscape: Understanding and Managing Change in Human-Shaped Environments. London: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 261-282.
Subono M, Andoko A. 2004. Meningkatkan Kualitas Aglaonema Sang Ratu Pembawa Rezeki. Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka.
Arifin HS, Arifin NHS, Munandar A, Kaswanto. 2010. Pemanfaatan Pekarangan di Perdesaan. Jakarta: Kementerian Petanian RI.
Arifin HS, Munandar A, SchultinK G, Kaswanto RL. 2012. The role and impacts of small-scale , homestead agro-forestry systems (“ pekarangan ”) on household prosperity?: an analysis of agro-ecological zones of Java , Indonesia. Int. J. AgriScience. 2(10):896-914.
Arifin HS, Sakamoto K, Chiba K. 1997. Vegeation in the home garden " pekarangan " in West Java, Indonesia. Di dalam: Bulletin of International Association for Landscape Ecology. Vol. 3. hlm. 38-40.
Arifin HS, Sakamoto K, Chiba K. 1998. Effects of Urbanization Home Gardens on the Vegetation Java , Structure of in West Indonesia. Japanese J. Trop. Agric. 42(2):94-102.doi:10.11248/jsta1957.42.94.
Azra ALZ, Arifin HS, Astawan M, Arifin NHS. 2014. Analisis karakteristik pekarangan dalam mendukung penganekaragaman pangan keluarga di Kabupaten Bogor. J. Lanskap Indones. 6(2):1-12.doi:10.29244/jli.2014.6.2.1-12.
Barker CA, Willis P. 2001. Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice. Ed ke-5. London: SAGE Publications.
Birol E, Bela G, Smale M. 2005. The role of home gardens in promoting multi-functional agriculture in Hungary. EuroChoices. 4(3):14-21.
Cai Y, Selod H, Steinbuks J. 2018. Urbanization and land property rights. Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. 70:246-257.doi:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.04.007.
Cheng L, Xia N, Jiang P, Zhong L, Pian Y, Duan Y, Huang Q, Li M. 2015. Analysis of farmland fragmentation in China Modernization Demonstration Zone since "Reform and Openness": A case study of South Jiangsu Province. Sci. Rep. 5(July):1-11.doi:10.1038/srep11797.
Coomes OT, Ban N. 2004. Cultivated plant species diversity in home gardens of an Amazonian peasant village in Northeastern Peru. Econ. Bot. 58(3):420-434.doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0420:CPSDIH]2.0.CO;2.
Cui X, Fang C, Liu H, Liu X. 2019. Assessing sustainability of urbanization by a coordinated development index for an Urbanization-Resources-Environment complex system: A case study of Jing-Jin-Ji region, China. Ecol. Indic. 96:383-391.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.09.009.
Das T, Das AK. 2005. Inventorying plant biodiversity in homegardens: A case study in Barak Valley, Assam, North East India. Curr. Sci. 89(1):155-163.
Dewi IS, Wahyuni DK, Purnobasuki H. 2012. Perkembangan kultur daun Aglaonema sp var siam pearl Aglaonema sp var Lady Valentin dan Aglaonema sp var Lipstik dengan perlakuan zat pengatur tumbuh IAA dan BAP. J. Biol. Res. 17(2):197-203.doi:10.23869/bphjbr.17.2.201212.
Downham A, Collins P. 2000. Colouring our foods in the last and next millennium. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 35(1):5-22.doi:10.1046/j.1365-2621.2000.00373.x.
Fung CP, Kang PC. 2005. Multi-response optimization in friction properties of PBT composites using Taguchi method and principle component analysis. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 170(3):602-610.doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.06.040.
Gomes E, Banos A, Abrantes P, Rocha J, Kristensen SBP, Busck A. 2019. Agricultural land fragmentation analysis in a peri-urban context: From the past into the future. Ecol. Indic. 97:380-388.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.10.025.
Hakim L. 2014. Etnobotani dan Manajemen Kebun-Pekarangan Rumah: Etnobotani dan Manajemen Kebun-Pekarangan Rumah: Ketahanan Pangan, Kesehatan dan Agrowisata. Malang: Penerbit Selaras.
High C, Shackleton CM. 2000. The comparative value of wild and domestic plants in home gardens of a South African rural village. Agrofor. Syst. 48(2):141-156.doi:10.1023/A:1006247614579.
Kalantari Z, Ferreira CSS, Walsh RPD, Ferreira AJD, Destouni G. 2017. Urbanization Development under Climate Change: Hydrological Responses in a Peri-Urban Mediterranean Catchment. L. Degrad. Dev. 28(7):2207-2221.doi:10.1002/ldr.2747.
Kiesling FM, Manning CM. 2010. How green is your thumb? Environmental gardening identity and ecological gardening practices. J. Environ. Psychol. 30(3):315-327.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.02.004.
Kumar B, Nair P. 2004. The enigma of tropical homegardens. Agrofor. Syst. 61(1-3):135–152.doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AGFO.0000028995.13227.ca.
Lin BB, Philpott SM, Jha S. 2015. The future of urban agriculture and biodiversity-ecosystem services: Challenges and next steps. Basic Appl. Ecol. 16(3):189-201.doi:10.1016/j.baae.2015.01.005.
Liu X, Li Z, Liao C, Wang Q, Zhu A, Li D, Li Y, Tang Z. 2015. The development of ecological impact assessment in China. Environ. Int. 85:46-53.doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.004.
Lu H, Xie H, Yao G. 2019. Impact of land fragmentation on marginal productivity of agricultural labor and non-agricultural labor supply: A case study of Jiangsu, China. Habitat Int. 83(November):65-72.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.11.004.
Lutviandhitarani G, Harjanti DW, Wahyono F. 2015. Green Antibiotic Daun Sirih (Piper betle l.) Sebagai Pengganti Antibiotik Komersial untuk Penanganan Mastitis. J. Agripet. 15(1):28-32.doi:10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2296.
Mayanti R. 2007. Studi dinamika struktur vegetasi pada pekarangan di Jawa Barat (studi kasus: Cibakung, Sirnagalih-Pagentongan, Babakan Sukaningal, Tegal Gundil Pemukiman Lama, Tegal Gundil Pemukiman Baru, dan Baranangsiang Indah). Institut pertanian Bogor.
Mazumdar Shampa, Mazumdar Sanjoy. 2012. Immigrant home gardens: Places of religion, culture, ecology, and family. Landsc. Urban Plan. 105(3):258-265.doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.12.020.
Mohri H, Lahoti S, Saito O, Mahalingam A, Gunatilleke N, Irham, Hoang VT, Hitinayake G, Takeuchi K, Herath S. 2013. Assessment of ecosystem services in homegarden systems in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Ecosyst. Serv. 5:124-136.doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.07.006.
Mulyana R, Alikodra HS, Arifin HS, Prasetyo LB. 2007. Karakteristik bangunan rumah dan bentuk permukiman di wilayah DAS Cianjur, Jawa Barat. J. Sains dan Teknol. EMAS. 17(3):213-226.
Ochoa JJ, Tan Y, Qian QK, Shen L, Moreno EL. 2018. Learning from best practices in sustainable urbanization. Habitat Int. 78(May):83-95.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.05.013.
Robbany IF, Gharghi A, Traub K-P. 2019. Land Use Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Monitoring in Metropolitan Area of Jakarta (Jabodetabek) from 2001 to 2015. KnE Eng. 2019:257-268.doi:10.18502/keg.v4i3.5862.
Romero H, Vásquez A, Fuentes C, Salgado M, Schmidt A, Banzhaf E. 2012. Assessing urban environmental segregation (UES). the case of Santiago de Chile. Ecol. Indic. 23:76-87.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.012.
Rustiadi E, Pribadi DO, Pravitasari AE, Indraprahasta GS, Iman LS. 2015. Jabodetabek Megacity: From City Development Toward Urban Complex Management System. Di dalam: Yadav P, Bhagat RB, editor. Urban Development Challenges, Risks and Resilience in Asian Mega Cities. Springer Japan. hlm. 157-173.
Schneider A, Mertes CM, Tatem AJ, Tan B, Sulla-Menashe D, Graves SJ, Patel NN, Horton JA, Gaughan AE, Rollo JT, et al. 2015. A new urban landscape in East-Southeast Asia, 2000-2010. Environ. Res. Lett. 10(3):1-14.doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/3/034002.
Schneider A, Seto KC, Webster DR. 2005. Urban growth in Chengdu, western China: Application of remote sensing to assess planning and policy outcomes. Environ. Plan. B Plan. Des. 32(3):323-345.doi:10.1068/b31142.
Seto KC. 2011. Exploring the dynamics of migration to mega-delta cities in Asia and Africa: Contemporary drivers and future scenarios. Glob. Environ. Chang. 21(SUPPL. 1):S94-S107.doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.08.005.
Seto KC, Kaufmann RK. 2003. Modeling the drivers of urban land use change in the Pearl River Delta, China: Integrating remote sensing with socioeconomic data. Land Econ. 79(1):106-121.doi:10.2307/3147108.
Van Der Stege C, Vogl-Lukasser B, Vogl CR. 2010. The role of homegardens in strengthening social—ecological resilience: Case studies from Cuba and Austria. Di dalam: Plieninger T, Bieling C, editor. Resilience and the Cultural Landscape: Understanding and Managing Change in Human-Shaped Environments. London: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 261-282.
Subono M, Andoko A. 2004. Meningkatkan Kualitas Aglaonema Sang Ratu Pembawa Rezeki. Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka.
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