Assessment of Air Bengkulu (Indonesia) watershed based on agroecosystem landscape quality and sustainable land use plan
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Abstract. Barchia MF, Sulistyo B, Hindarto KS, Suhartoyo H. 2020. Assessment of Air Bengkulu (Indonesia) watershed based on agroecosystem landscape quality and sustainable land use plan. Biodiversitas 21: 5422-5430. This study purposes to assess agro-ecosystem landscape based on land quality values and current land use and assess agro-ecosystem matrices with agricultural conservation practices in Air Bengkulu Watershed conducted from August to December 2019. Spatial analysis used some map and Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery and ArcGIS version 10.1. The analysis depicted spatial distribution of soil and land quality, land uses, agricultural landscape matrices, and sustainable agro-ecosystems. The assessments revealed soil quality covered Air Bengkulu Watershed categorized moderate 33.1% to good 14.4% suitable for sustainable agroecosystems while in marginal quality 38.9% mostly lying on the upstream. This unique landscape formed a land quality prone to degradation because of intensive agriculture for oil palm covering 60% and coffee plantation about 17%. Actually, only about 61.1% of the Air Bengkulu Watershed is categorized as moderate to good quality matrix of sustainable agroecosystems. Improper agricultural cultivation with monoculture system without implemented conservation practices drove landscape filled with degradation landscapes. With sustainable agro-ecosystem scenarios implementing physical conservation terraces and restored with multi-purposes tree species such as candlenut, kapok tree, betel nut, durian, good quality of the landscape matrix of 82% Air Bengkulu Watershed.
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References
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Guillaume T, Holtkamp AM, Damris M, Brummer B, Kuzykov Y. 2016. Soil degradation in oil palm and rubber plantations under land resources scarcity. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.07.002
Guo X, Zhao T, Chang W, Xiao C, He Y. 2018. Evaluating the effect of coal mining subsidence on the agricultural soil quality using principle component analysis. Chil.j.agric.res, https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392018000200173
Hermawan B, Suhartoyo H, Sulistyo B, Murcitro BG, Herman W. 2020. Diversity of soil organic carbon and water characteristics under different vegetation types in Northern Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210504
Hysa A, Baskaya FAT. 2017. Landscape fragmentation assessment utilizing the Matrix Green Toolbox and CORINE Land Cover Data. Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 2: 55-62. https://www.academia.edu/36092890/Landscape_Fragmentation
Jayanti DS, Goenadi S, Hadi P. 2013. Land Suitability Evaluation and Land Use Optimization for Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Development (Case Study in Batee District and Padang Tiji District, Pidie Sub-Province, Aceh Province). Agritech, 33 (2): 208-219. http://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/agritech/article/download/9808/7383
Kadir, S, Badaruddin, Nurlina, Ridwan I, Rianawati, F. 2016. The recovery of Tabua watershed through enrichment planting using ecological and economical valuable species in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170121
Katusiisme J, Schutt B. 2020. Linking Land Tenure and Integrated Watershed Management—A Review. Sustainability, . http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041667
Kumar T, Jhariya DC. 2015. Land quality index assessment for agricultural purpose using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Geocarto International, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2014.997304
Lal R. 2015. Restoring Soil Quality to Mitigate Soil Degradation. Sustainability,. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7055875
Lawler JJ, Ackerly DD, Albano CM, Anderson MG, Dobrowski SZ, Gill JL, Heller NE, Pressey RL, Sanderson EW, Weiss SB. 2015. The theory behind, and the challenges of, conserving nature’s stage in a time of rapid change. Conserv Biol . https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12505
Lee KH, Isenhart TM, Schultz RC. 2003. Sediment and nutrient removal in an established multi-species riparian buffer. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 58 (1): 1-8. https://www.jswconline.org/content/58/1/1
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