Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand
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Abstract. Charaspet K, Sukmasuang R, Khoewsree N, Pla-ard M, Chanachai Y. 2020. Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 5248-5262. The study of prey species and prey selection of Dholes at 3 different sites was conducted at Khao Yai National Park, Salak Pra, and Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries from 2013 to 2020. Information on Dhole prey at the sites was collected from the residues of dhole scats, from which the selection index, the relative biomass of the prey, and the relative amounts of the consumed prey were calculated. The data were collected simultaneously with the use of camera traps at each site. The study revealed that there were 13 species of Dhole prey with body weight over 5 kg. The result indicated that there were 7 species of even-toed ungulates. The relative biomass of even-toed ungulates ranged between 76.78 - 90.50% of the total biomass of all the Dholes’ consumed prey for all study sites. The dietary diversity index unveiled a similar index in all areas, which proved the adequacy of the analyzed scats. However, the Niche breadth index, which indicates the relevance of prey selection and prey species to the appearances of the prey at each site, was found to be high at Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Yai National Park, while the index was found to be low at Salak Pra Wildlife Sanctuary. The results revealed that Dholes consumed viverrid species and Malayan porcupine more often at the site where there were large carnivores. The recommendation from this study was the conservation and restoration of the ungulate populations, the main prey, as it greatly affects the conservation of the Dhole populations in Thailand. Grassland and salt lick sites, water sources improvements are also important to promote prey population. The conservation of wildlife prey by releasing them to nature, as currently conducted, has an effect on the increase of Dholes’ prey species.
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Grassman LI, Tewes ME, Silvy NJ, Kreetiyutanont KJ. 2005. Spatial ecology and diet of the dhole Cuon alpinus (Canidae, Carnivora) in north central Thailand. Mammalia 69(1): 11-20.
Gupta S, Mondal K, Sankar K, Qureshi Q. 2009. Estimation of striped hyena Hyaena hyaena population using camera traps in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 106(3): 284-288.
Hayward MW, Lyngdoh S, Habib B. 2014. Diet and prey preferences of dholes (Cuon alpinus): dietary competition within Asia's apex predator guild. Journal of Zoology: 294(4): 255-266.
Hurlbert SH. 1978. The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives. Ecology 59: 66-77.
Jacobs J. 1974. Quantitative measurement of food selection: a modification of the forage ratio and Ivlev’s electivity index. Oecologia 14: 413-417.
Jacomo ATA, Silveira L, Diniz-Filho JAF. 2004. Niche separation between the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), the crab-eating fox (Dusicyon thous) and the hoary fox (Dusicyon vetulus) in central Brazil. Journal of Zoology 262: 99–106.
Jenks KE, Chanteap P, Damrongchainarong P, Cutter P, Cutter P, Redford T, Lynam AJ, Howard JG, Leimgruber P. 2011. Using relative abundance indices from camera-trapping to test wildlife conservation hypotheses – an example from Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Tropical Conservation Science 4(2): 113-131.
Jenks KE, Howard JG, Leimgruber P. 2012. Do Ranger Stations Deter Poaching Activity in National Parks in Thailand? Biotropica 44: 826-833.
Johnsingh AJT. 1992. Prey selection in three large sympatric carnivores in Bandipur. Mammalia 56(4): 517-526.
Johnsingh AJT. 1982. Reproductive and social behaviour of the Dhole, Cuon alpinus (Canidae). Journal of Zoology, 198: 443-463.
Johnsingh AJT. 1983. Large mammalian prey-predators in Bandipur. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80:1-57.
Johnsingh AJT. 1985. Distribution and status of dhole Cuon alpinus Pallas, 1811 in South Asia. Mammalia 49: 203–208.
Juarez KM, Marinho-Filho J. 2002. Diet, habitat use, and home ranges of sympatric canids in central Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy 83(4): 925–933.
Kamler JF, Johnson A, Vongkhamheng C, Bousa AJ. 2012. The diet, prey selection, and activity of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in northern Laos. Journal of Mammalogy 93(3):627-633.
Kamler JF, Songsasen N, Jenks K, Srivathsa A, Sheng L, Kunkel K. 2015. Cuon alpinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T5953A72477893. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T5953A72477893.en.
Kamler JF, Thatdokkham K, Rostro?García S, Bousa A, Caragiulo A, Crouthers R, Pay VIC, Pin C, Prum S, Vongkhamheng C, Johnson A, Macdonald DW. 2020. Diet and Prey Selection of Dholes in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests of Southeast Asia. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 84(7): 1396–1405.
Karanth KU, Sunquist M. 1995. Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests. Journal of Animal Ecology 64(4): 439-450.
Karanth K, Sunquist M. 2000. Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus) and dhole (Cuon alpinus) in Nagarahole, India. Journal of Zoology 250(2): 255-265. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01076.x
Karssene Y, Chammem M, Khorchani T, Nouira S, Li F. 2017. Global warming drives changes in carnivore communities in the North Sahara Desert. Climate Research 72: 153-162.
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