Effects of ship-breaking activities on the abundance and diversity of macrobenthos in Sitakundu Coast, Bangladesh
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Abstract. Lipi JA, Noman MDA, Hossain MB, Abu Hena MK, Idris MH. 2020. Effects of ship-breaking activities on the abundance and diversity of macrobenthos in Sitakundu Coast, Bangladesh. Biodiversitas 21: 5085-5093. To articulate the ecological processes or anthropogenic impacts, it is necessary to explore various distributional patterns of benthic communities. The study was conducted to investigate the variability of macrobenthos between a ship braking and non-ship-breaking area along the Sitakunda coast, Chittagong, Bangladesh. This is the first comprehensive study that addresses the effects of ship-breaking activities on the variability of benthic communities in the study area. Macrobenthos were sampled from two different regions namely Bhatiary (ship-breaking area) and Banshbaria (non-ship-breaking area/reference area) in two different time periods (April and July) for comparative analyses. During the study period, Polychaeta was the most dominant group comprising 60% of the total macrobenthos all over the study area. Macrobenthos abundance and diversity demonstrated strong spatial variability. The mean abundance varied from 3799.75±3452.28 ind./m2 to 4107.25±2743.6 ind./m2 from the ship-breaking to non-ship-breaking area. Similar to macrobenthos abundance, the diversity index (H?) (varied between 2.45 and 1.85), species richness (D) (varied between 1.99 and 1.04), and the number of taxa (varied between 17.25 and 9.25) were higher in the non-ship-breaking area compared to the ship-breaking area. Multivariate analyses, nMDS, and CCA plot showed a distinct grouping for different location. Besides, the diversity indices of the Polychaeta community, and the presence or absence of several pollution indicator taxa revealed that Bhatiary (the ship-breaking area) was confronting deleterious effects of ship-breaking activities.
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References
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Bellan G, Desrosiers G, Willsie A. 1988. Use of an annelid pollution index for monitoring a moderately polluted littoral zone. Marine pollution bulletin 19: 662-665.
Chessel D, Dufour AB, Thioulouse J. 2004. The ade 4 package - I - one - table methods. R News 4:5–10
Dean HK. 2008. The use of polychaetes (Annelida) as indicator species of marine pollution: a review. Revista de Biología Tropical 56: 11-38.
DNT NORSKE VERITAS (DNV). 1999. DNV RN 590 Decommissioning of ships—environmental standards ship breaking practices on site assessment Bangladesh—Chittagong. Technical Report. 2000–3158 Norwegian Ministry of Environment, Norwegian Ship Owners Association, Norway
Gogina M, Zettler ML. 2010. Diversity and distribution of benthic macrofauna in the Baltic Sea: Data inventory and its use for species distribution modeling and prediction. Journal of Sea Research, 64(3): 313-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2010.04.005
Herman PMJ, Middelburg JJ, Van de Koppel J, Heip CHR. 1999. Ecology of estuarine macrobenthos. Adv. Ecol. Res. 29: 195-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60194-4
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Khan A N, Kamal D, Mahmud M M, Rahman M A, Hossain M A. 2007. Diversity, distribution and abundance of benthos in Mouri River, Khulna, Bangladesh. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod., 2(5): 19-23.
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Molla MHR, Al-Imran M, Aktaruzzaman M, Mandol S, Sarkar M S I, Islam M S. 2015. Spatio-temporal variations of macrobenthic annelid community of the Karnafuli River Estuary, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Int. J. Mar. Sci., 5 (26): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.5376/ijms.2015.05.0026.
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Noman M A, Mamunur R, Islam M S, Hossain M B. 2018. Spatial and seasonal distribution of Intertidal Macrobenthos with their biomass and functional feeding guilds in the Naf River estuary, Bangladesh. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 37(3): 1010-1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-8063-7
Olsgard F, Brattegard T, Holthe T. 2003. Polychaetes as surrogates for marine biodiversity: lower taxonomic resolution and indicator groups. Biodiversity & Conservation 12: 1033-1049.
Pearson T, Rosenberg R. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev 16: 229-311.
Pravinkumar M, Murugesan P, Prakash KR, Elumalai V, Viswanathan C, Raffi SM. 2013. Benthic biodiversity in the Pichavaram mangroves, Southeast Coast of India. J. Oceanogr. Mar. Sci., 4 (1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5897/JOMS12.004
R Development Core Team. 2006. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
Richardson RE. 1928. The bottom fauna of the middle Illinois River, 1913-1925: its distribution, abundance, valuation, and index value in the study of stream pollution. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin; 17: 12.
Salem ZB, Drira Z, Ayadi H. 2015. What factors drive the variations of phytoplankton, ciliate and mesozooplankton communities in the polluted southern coast of Sfax, Tunisia? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(15): 11764-11780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4416-8
Sarker JM, Patwary SAM, Uddin AMMB, Hasan MM, Tanmay MH, Kanungo I, Parvej MR. 2016. Macrobenthic community structure—an approach to assess coastal water pollution in Bangladesh. Fish. Aquac. J., 7: 157, https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000157.
Siddiquee NA. 2004. Impact of ship breaking on marine fish diversity of the Bay of Bengal. Dhaka: DFIDSUFER Project. (p. 46)
Suter GW. 1993. Ecological Risk Assessment Lewis, BocaRaton, FL, USA
Vasanth Kumar B, Roopa SV, Gangadhar BK. 2013. Distribution and abundance of macrobenthos in mangroves ecosystem of Kali Estuary, Karwar, Karnataka. Int . J. Life Sci., 1 (4): 313-316. https://doi.org/10.7770/safer-V1N1-art778
Victor R, Ogbeibu A. 1991. Macroinvertebrate communities in the erosional biotope of an urban stream in Nigeria. Tropical Zoology; 4: 1-12.
Wallace JB, Webster JR. 1996. The role of macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystem function. Annu Rev Entomol 41:115–139. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.000555
YPSA. 2005. Workers in Ship breaking Industries: A base line survey of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Young Power in Social Action (YPSA), Chittagong. (P. 79)
YPSA. 2011. Ship breaking in Bangladesh: ship breaking in newspaper. Available online. http://www.shipbreakingbd.info/Newspaper_%20News.html. Accessed 21 Jan 2011.
Apeti DA, Whitall DR, Pait AS, Dieppa A, Zitello AG, & Lauenstein GG. 2012. Characterization of landbased sources of pollution in Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico: status of heavy metal concentration in bed sediment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184: 811–830. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2003-0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2003-0
Asadujjaman M, Hossain MB, Shamsuddin M, Amin MA, Azam AKM. 2012. Occurrence and Abundance of Macrobenthos of Hatiya and Nijhum Dweep Islands, Bangladesh. Middle-East J. Sci. Res, 11(2): 184-188.
Belan, T. 2003. Benthos abundance pattern and species composition in conditions of pollution in Amursky Bay (the Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan). Marine pollution bulletin 46: 1111-1119.
Bellan G, Desrosiers G, Willsie A. 1988. Use of an annelid pollution index for monitoring a moderately polluted littoral zone. Marine pollution bulletin 19: 662-665.
Chessel D, Dufour AB, Thioulouse J. 2004. The ade 4 package - I - one - table methods. R News 4:5–10
Dean HK. 2008. The use of polychaetes (Annelida) as indicator species of marine pollution: a review. Revista de Biología Tropical 56: 11-38.
DNT NORSKE VERITAS (DNV). 1999. DNV RN 590 Decommissioning of ships—environmental standards ship breaking practices on site assessment Bangladesh—Chittagong. Technical Report. 2000–3158 Norwegian Ministry of Environment, Norwegian Ship Owners Association, Norway
Gogina M, Zettler ML. 2010. Diversity and distribution of benthic macrofauna in the Baltic Sea: Data inventory and its use for species distribution modeling and prediction. Journal of Sea Research, 64(3): 313-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2010.04.005
Herman PMJ, Middelburg JJ, Van de Koppel J, Heip CHR. 1999. Ecology of estuarine macrobenthos. Adv. Ecol. Res. 29: 195-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60194-4
Hossain M B, Amin S M N, Asadujjaman M, Rahman S. 2013. Analyses of macrobenthos of Hatiya and Nijhum Dweep Islands at higher taxonomic resolution. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 8(4): 526-534. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2013.526.534
Hossain MB. 2009. Polychaete faunal diversity of the Meghna River estuarine bed. Bangladesh. J. Prog . Sci. Tech., 7 (2): 275-278.
Hossain MK, Hossain SM, Azim R, Meaze AKM MH. 2010. Assessment of radiological contamination of soils due to ship breaking using HPGe digital gamma-ray spectrometry system. Journal of Environmental Protection, 1, 10–14. https://doi:10.4236/jep. 2010.11002.
Hossain MM, Islam MM. 2006. Ship breaking activities and its impact on the coastal zone of Chittagong, Bangladesh: towards sustainable management. Young Power in Social Action (YPSA), Chittagong, Bangladesh. pp ix + 54. Available at: http://www.ypsa.org/publications/
Jhingran V, Ahmad S, Singh A. 1989. Application of Shannon–Wiener index as a measure of pollution of river Ganga at Patna, Bihar, India. Current Science, 717-720.
Khan A N, Kamal D, Mahmud M M, Rahman M A, Hossain M A. 2007. Diversity, distribution and abundance of benthos in Mouri River, Khulna, Bangladesh. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod., 2(5): 19-23.
Khan A, Manokaran S, Lyla S. 2017. Changes in microbenthic community structure from estuary to continental slope in the south-east coast of India. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U K , 97 (1): 161-180. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315416000229
Kumar P S, Khan A B. 2013. The distribution and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in Pondicherry mangroves, India. Aquat . Biosyst ., 9 : 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-9063-9-15
Margalef R. 1958. Information theory in biology. General Systems Yearbook 3, 36-71.
Méndez N, Flos J, Romero J. 1998. Littoral soft-bottom polychaete communities in a pollution gradient in front of Barcelona (Western Mediterranean, Spain). Bulletin of marine Science 63: 167-178.
Molla MHR, Al-Imran M, Aktaruzzaman M, Mandol S, Sarkar M S I, Islam M S. 2015. Spatio-temporal variations of macrobenthic annelid community of the Karnafuli River Estuary, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Int. J. Mar. Sci., 5 (26): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.5376/ijms.2015.05.0026.
NCSG (2011). S&P Monthly reports of N. Cotzias shipping group. URL:http://www.cotzias.gr. Accessed: 15 Jan 2011.
Netto, S. A., Pagliosa, P. R., Colling, A., Fonseca, A. L., & Brauko, K. M. 2018. Benthic estuarine assemblages from the southern Brazilian marine ecoregion. In Brazilian Estuaries. Springer, Cham. 177-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77779-5_6
Noman M A, Mamunur R, Islam M S, Hossain M B. 2018. Spatial and seasonal distribution of Intertidal Macrobenthos with their biomass and functional feeding guilds in the Naf River estuary, Bangladesh. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 37(3): 1010-1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-8063-7
Olsgard F, Brattegard T, Holthe T. 2003. Polychaetes as surrogates for marine biodiversity: lower taxonomic resolution and indicator groups. Biodiversity & Conservation 12: 1033-1049.
Pearson T, Rosenberg R. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev 16: 229-311.
Pravinkumar M, Murugesan P, Prakash KR, Elumalai V, Viswanathan C, Raffi SM. 2013. Benthic biodiversity in the Pichavaram mangroves, Southeast Coast of India. J. Oceanogr. Mar. Sci., 4 (1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5897/JOMS12.004
R Development Core Team. 2006. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
Richardson RE. 1928. The bottom fauna of the middle Illinois River, 1913-1925: its distribution, abundance, valuation, and index value in the study of stream pollution. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin; 17: 12.
Salem ZB, Drira Z, Ayadi H. 2015. What factors drive the variations of phytoplankton, ciliate and mesozooplankton communities in the polluted southern coast of Sfax, Tunisia? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(15): 11764-11780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4416-8
Sarker JM, Patwary SAM, Uddin AMMB, Hasan MM, Tanmay MH, Kanungo I, Parvej MR. 2016. Macrobenthic community structure—an approach to assess coastal water pollution in Bangladesh. Fish. Aquac. J., 7: 157, https://doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000157.
Siddiquee NA. 2004. Impact of ship breaking on marine fish diversity of the Bay of Bengal. Dhaka: DFIDSUFER Project. (p. 46)
Suter GW. 1993. Ecological Risk Assessment Lewis, BocaRaton, FL, USA
Vasanth Kumar B, Roopa SV, Gangadhar BK. 2013. Distribution and abundance of macrobenthos in mangroves ecosystem of Kali Estuary, Karwar, Karnataka. Int . J. Life Sci., 1 (4): 313-316. https://doi.org/10.7770/safer-V1N1-art778
Victor R, Ogbeibu A. 1991. Macroinvertebrate communities in the erosional biotope of an urban stream in Nigeria. Tropical Zoology; 4: 1-12.
Wallace JB, Webster JR. 1996. The role of macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystem function. Annu Rev Entomol 41:115–139. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.000555
YPSA. 2005. Workers in Ship breaking Industries: A base line survey of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Young Power in Social Action (YPSA), Chittagong. (P. 79)
YPSA. 2011. Ship breaking in Bangladesh: ship breaking in newspaper. Available online. http://www.shipbreakingbd.info/Newspaper_%20News.html. Accessed 21 Jan 2011.
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