Ethnobotany of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Morphology, folk classification, and habitat in area around Ciremai Mountain, Cimanuk Watershed Region, West Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnobotany of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Morphology, folk classification, and habitat in area around Ciremai Mountain, Cimanuk Watershed Region, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3898-3909. Plants that grow in the world have a diversity of names, characters, and growing environments. Likewise, plants that grow around Ciremai Mountain, including the Cimanuk Watershed, are very diverse in species and habitats. One species of plant in this region is Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. This plant is closely related to people's lives. This plant is a species of the tuber that has the potential to be used for various purposes. This study aims to determine the knowledge of the people about the ethnobotany of A. paeoniifolius especially the morphology, folk classification, and habitat with case studies in several villages in Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District which is ecologically located in the Ciremai Mountain neighborhood and, based on geography, is included in the Cimanuk Watershed. The qualitative method is used in this research. The data were collected through observation and semi-structured interviews or deep interviews with competent communities by focusing on their diversity. Data were analyzed by cross-checking, summarizing, and synthesizing and were narrated descriptively through an emic and ethical approach. The results showed that the people in the Ciremai Mountain neighborhood, namely Cipulus Village, Cilancang Village, Jagasari Village, and Sindangpanji Village, Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District knew names, morphology, and folk classification of A. paeoniifolius. This plant is popularly known as suweg in local name. People's knowledge related to morphology (leaves, tubers, roots, and flowers) in these areas is generally not much different. Related to folk classification, people generally say that suweg has variant based on the color of the tubers and sunlight exposure to the place of growth. The intended variant is suweg with reddish-white and yellowish-white of the tuber flesh’s color. Another classification is the suweg variant which grows in the hieum (shading area) and negrak (open area). Concerning hábitat, the people informed that the suweg grows in the garden and homegarden (specifically in the Sindangpanji village, the people said that besides growing in both types of land, the suweg also grows on the edge of rice fields and ponds). Besides, suweg also grows in hot and cold (tiis) conditions; from the beginning of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season, which is marked by yellowing and falling of leaves; in various soil conditions (such as red, black, brown or sandy soil); and with various species of plants (except with eurih and areuy,in which the growth of the plant is not optimum).
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References
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Chandra KK. 2014. Evaluation of growth and economic parameters of Curcuma longa and Amorphophallus paeoniifolius intercrops in medium-aged Psidium guajava orchard. Caribbean J Sci Technol, 2: 392-398
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Derebe AD, Roro AG, Asfaw BT, Ayele WW, Eide AKH. 2019. Effect of solar UV-B radiation exclusion on physiology, growth, and yields of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.)) at different altitudes in tropical environments of Southern Ethiopia. Sci horticulturae, 256: 1-10
Dharmadasa RM, Akalanka GC, Muthukumarana PRM, Wijesekara RGS. 2016. Ethnopharmacological survey on medicinal plants used in snakebite treatments in Western and Sabaragamuwa Provinces in Sri Lanka. J Ethnopharmacol 179: 110-127
Dou H, Niu G, Gu M, Masabni JG. 2017. Effect of light quality on growth and phytonutrient accumulation of herbs under control environments. Horticulturae, 3 (36): 1-11
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Hafsah, Azrianingsih R. Masri M. 2018. Map of edible Araceae based on abiotic factors in Gowa District, South Sulawesi. J Environ Eng Sustain Tech 5(2): 52-60
Hassan MO, Hassan YM. 2019. Effect of human activities on floristic composition and diversity of desert and urban vegetation in a new urbanized desert ecosystem. Heliyon, 5: 1-10
Heriyansyah F, Soetopo L, Saptadi D. 2017. Exploration and identification of the morphological characteristics of the Suweg plant (Amorphophallus campanulatus BI) in East Java. J Produksi Tanaman, 5 (3): 377-382 [Indonesian]
Iskandar J. 2018. Ethnobiology, Ethnoecology, and Sustainable Development. Plantaxia, Yogyakarta [Indonesian]
Jata SK, Nedunchezhiyan M, Maity SK, Mallikarjun M. 2018. Intercrop and drip irrigation effects on growth, yield, water-use efficiency and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius). Indian J Agro 63 (4): 506-512.
Jata SK, Nedunchezhiyan M, Maity SK, Mallikarjun M. 2019. Fertigation effect on elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) + greengram (Vigna radiata) intercropping system. Indian J Agric Sci, 89 (12): 44-48
Kite GC, Hetterscheid WLA. 2017. Phylogenetic trends in the evolution of inflorescence odours in Amorphophallus. Phytochemistry, 142: 126-142
Kohsaka R, Rogel M. 2019. Traditional and local knowledge for sustainable development: empowering the indigenous and local communities of the world. In: W. Leal Filho et al. (eds.), partnerships for the goals, encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals. Springer Nature, Switzerland
Korieocha DS, 2014. Weed control in national root crops research institute Umudike and its recommendation. Res J Agric Environ Manag, 4 (1): 1-4
Kuamr JS, More SJ, Byju G, Sunitha S, Veena SS, Nedunchezhiyan M, Ravi V. 2019. Effect of new generation herbicides on weed management, corm yield, and economics of elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson]. Int J Chem Stud 7(3): 1213-1218
Kumar A, Pandey SD, Patel RK, Rai RR, Srivastava K, Nath V. 2014. Studies on the feasibility of intercropping under litchi based cropping system. Ecoscan, V: 101-109
Kurniawan A, Wibawa IPAH, Adjie B. 2011. Species diversity of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in Bali and Lombok with attention to genetic study in A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Biodiversitas 12 (1): 7-11
Mandal R, Nag S, Tarafdar J, Mitra S. 2016. A comparison of efficiency parameters of SSR markers genetic diversity analysis in Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Brazilian Archives Biol Technol 59: 1-7
Mahgoub AMMA. 2019. The impact of five environmental factors on species distribution and weed community structure in the coastal farmland and adjacent territories in the northwest delta region, Egypt. Heliyon, 5: 1-33
Mao S, Shen Y, Deng H. 2018. Multipurpose plant utilization in ethnic areas of Guizhou, southwest China. Ecol Indic, 90: 547-553
Martin GJ. 1995. Ethnobotany: a method manual. Chapman and Hall, London
Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnobotany of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius): Folk classification, habitat, and traditional conservation in Cisoka Village, Majalengka District, Cimanuk Watershed Region, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21 (2): 546-555
Nedunchezhiyan M, Ravindran CS, Velumani R, 2013. Weed management in root and tuber crops in India: Critical analysis. J Root Crops, 39 (2): 13-20
Newing H, Eagle CM, Puri RK, and Watson CW. 2011. Conducting Research in Conservation: Social Science Methods and Practice. Routledge, London
Permatasari M, Pitoyo A, Suratman. 2014. The diversity of suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) in the ex-residency area of Surakarta based on morphological, anatomical, and isozyme banding patterns. Bioteknologi, 11 (1): 11-18 [Indonesian]
Phungpracha E, Kansuntisukmongkon K, Panya O. 2016. Traditional ecological knowledge in Thailand: Mechanisms and contributions to food security. Kasetsart J Soc Sci, 37: 82-87
Ramanathan R, Bhuvaneswari R, Indhu M, Subramanian G, Dhandapani R. 2014. Survey of ethnobotanical observation on wild tuberous medicinal plants of Kollihills, Namakkal district, Tamilnadu. J Med Plants Stud, 2 (4): 50-58
Sahoo B, Nedunchezhiyan M, Acharyya P. 2016. Yield potential and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) as influenced by fertility levels, light interception, and soil resistance. Indian Agriculturist, 60 (1): 65-69
Santosa E, Lian CL, Sugiyama N, Misra RJ, Boonkorkaew P, Thanomchit K. 2017. Population structure of elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia. Plos One: 1-18
Sedayu A, Eurlings MCM, Gravendeel B, Hetterscheid WLA. 2010. Morphological character evolution of Amorphophallus (Araceae) based on a combined phylogenetic analysis of trnL, rbL, and LEAVY second intron sequences. Bot Stud, 51: 473-490
Singh B, Tham BBT, Rabha NN. 2010. Taxonomical notes on Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson var. campanulatus (Decne) Sivadasan (gigantic flower): a new record for Meghalaya. J Econ Taxon Bot, 34 (3): 492-492
Singh A, Wadhwa N. 2014. A review of multiple potentials of Aroid: Amorphophallus paeoniifolius. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 24 (1): 55-60
Statistics of Majalengka Regency. 2018. Cikijing district in figures. Central Statistics Agency of Majalengka District, Majalengka. [Indonesian]
Statistics of Majalengka Regency. 2019. Cikijing district in figures. Central Statistics Agency of Majalengka District, Majalengka. [Indonesian]
Sulistiyo RH, Soetopo L, and Damanhuri. 2015. Exploration and identification morphological character of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus muelleri B.) in East Java. J Produksi Tanaman, 3 (5): 353-361 [Indonesia]
Venkatesan K, Jansirani P, Kamalkumar R, Sujatha R. 2013. Effect of organic management on the growth and yield of elephant foot yam. J Root Crops, 39 (2): 260-262
Voeks R. 2017. Ethnobotany. In: Richardson D, Castree N, Goodchild MF, Kobayashi A, Liu W, and Marston RA (eds). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0300
Wang D. 2017. Local governance and local knowledge. J Bus Manag, 5: 415-419
Watson CW. 2011. The role of researcher. In Newing, H. 2011. Researching conservation: A social science perspective. Routledge, London, and New York
Weerarathne LVY, Maramble B, Chauhan BS. 2016. Intercropping as an effective component of integrated weed management in tropical root and tuber crops: A review. Crop Protection, xxx: 1-12
Widjaja EA. 1987. Morphological, anatomical, and chemical analyses of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius and related taxa. Reinwardtia, 10 (3): 271-280
Xu W-B, Svenning J-C, Chen G-K, Zhange M-G, Huang J-H, Chen B, Ordonez A, Ma K-P. 2019. Human activities have opposing effects on distributions of narrow-ranged and widespread plant species in China. PNAS Latest Articles: 1-8. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1911851116
Yabesh, J. E. M., Prabhu S., and Vijayakumar S. 2014. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the silent valley of Kerala, India. J Ethnopharm, 154: 774-789
Yuzammi, Kurniawan A, Asih NPS, Erlinawati I, Hetterscheid W. 2017. The Amorphophallus of Indonesia. Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor
Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation, and utilization. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 140-152
Zambrana NYP, Leret RC, Bussmann RW, Macia MJ. 2014. The influence of socioeconomic factors on traditional knowledge: a cross-scale comparison of palm use in Northwestern South America. Ecol Soc, 19 (4): 9
Anil SR, Siril EA, Beevy SS. 2011. Morphological variability in 17 wild elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) collections from southwest India. Genetic Resources Crop Evol 58 (8): 1263-1274
Budiman, Arisoesilaningsih E. 2012. The predictive model of Amorphophallus muelleri growth in some agroforestry in East Java by multiple regression analysis. Biodiversitas, 13 (1): 18-22
Caruso E, Grace O. 2015. Ethics in ethnobotanical research: intellectual property rights, international agreements, and best practice. In: Caruso E. (eds) Conducting and communicating ethnobotanical research: A methods manual. Global Diversity Foundation, Morocco.
Chandra KK. 2014. Evaluation of growth and economic parameters of Curcuma longa and Amorphophallus paeoniifolius intercrops in medium-aged Psidium guajava orchard. Caribbean J Sci Technol, 2: 392-398
Cikijing District Agricultural Counseling Center. 2019. BPP agriculture counseling program in Cikijing District. Cikijing District Agricultural Counseling Center, Majalengka [Indonesian]
Curci J. 2010. The protection of biodiversity and traditional knowledge in international law of intellectual property. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Derebe AD, Roro AG, Asfaw BT, Ayele WW, Eide AKH. 2019. Effect of solar UV-B radiation exclusion on physiology, growth, and yields of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.)) at different altitudes in tropical environments of Southern Ethiopia. Sci horticulturae, 256: 1-10
Dharmadasa RM, Akalanka GC, Muthukumarana PRM, Wijesekara RGS. 2016. Ethnopharmacological survey on medicinal plants used in snakebite treatments in Western and Sabaragamuwa Provinces in Sri Lanka. J Ethnopharmacol 179: 110-127
Dou H, Niu G, Gu M, Masabni JG. 2017. Effect of light quality on growth and phytonutrient accumulation of herbs under control environments. Horticulturae, 3 (36): 1-11
Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. 2017. Watershed management in action: Lesson learned from FAO filed projects. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 of 2012 about Watershed Management [Indonesia]
Govi DK, Andalil R, Sundaramoorthy B, Narayana SKK, Parameswaran SR. 2017. Comparative macro-microscopic atlas of two aroids used in Siddha medicine. J Ayurveda Med Sci, 2 (4): 256-260
Guo Y. 2010. Local knowledge: a free path to the academic autonomy-my commentary on “Management in China”. Chinese J Manag, 4: 475-488
Hafsah, Azrianingsih R. Masri M. 2018. Map of edible Araceae based on abiotic factors in Gowa District, South Sulawesi. J Environ Eng Sustain Tech 5(2): 52-60
Hassan MO, Hassan YM. 2019. Effect of human activities on floristic composition and diversity of desert and urban vegetation in a new urbanized desert ecosystem. Heliyon, 5: 1-10
Heriyansyah F, Soetopo L, Saptadi D. 2017. Exploration and identification of the morphological characteristics of the Suweg plant (Amorphophallus campanulatus BI) in East Java. J Produksi Tanaman, 5 (3): 377-382 [Indonesian]
Iskandar J. 2018. Ethnobiology, Ethnoecology, and Sustainable Development. Plantaxia, Yogyakarta [Indonesian]
Jata SK, Nedunchezhiyan M, Maity SK, Mallikarjun M. 2018. Intercrop and drip irrigation effects on growth, yield, water-use efficiency and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius). Indian J Agro 63 (4): 506-512.
Jata SK, Nedunchezhiyan M, Maity SK, Mallikarjun M. 2019. Fertigation effect on elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) + greengram (Vigna radiata) intercropping system. Indian J Agric Sci, 89 (12): 44-48
Kite GC, Hetterscheid WLA. 2017. Phylogenetic trends in the evolution of inflorescence odours in Amorphophallus. Phytochemistry, 142: 126-142
Kohsaka R, Rogel M. 2019. Traditional and local knowledge for sustainable development: empowering the indigenous and local communities of the world. In: W. Leal Filho et al. (eds.), partnerships for the goals, encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals. Springer Nature, Switzerland
Korieocha DS, 2014. Weed control in national root crops research institute Umudike and its recommendation. Res J Agric Environ Manag, 4 (1): 1-4
Kuamr JS, More SJ, Byju G, Sunitha S, Veena SS, Nedunchezhiyan M, Ravi V. 2019. Effect of new generation herbicides on weed management, corm yield, and economics of elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson]. Int J Chem Stud 7(3): 1213-1218
Kumar A, Pandey SD, Patel RK, Rai RR, Srivastava K, Nath V. 2014. Studies on the feasibility of intercropping under litchi based cropping system. Ecoscan, V: 101-109
Kurniawan A, Wibawa IPAH, Adjie B. 2011. Species diversity of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in Bali and Lombok with attention to genetic study in A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Biodiversitas 12 (1): 7-11
Mandal R, Nag S, Tarafdar J, Mitra S. 2016. A comparison of efficiency parameters of SSR markers genetic diversity analysis in Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Brazilian Archives Biol Technol 59: 1-7
Mahgoub AMMA. 2019. The impact of five environmental factors on species distribution and weed community structure in the coastal farmland and adjacent territories in the northwest delta region, Egypt. Heliyon, 5: 1-33
Mao S, Shen Y, Deng H. 2018. Multipurpose plant utilization in ethnic areas of Guizhou, southwest China. Ecol Indic, 90: 547-553
Martin GJ. 1995. Ethnobotany: a method manual. Chapman and Hall, London
Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnobotany of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius): Folk classification, habitat, and traditional conservation in Cisoka Village, Majalengka District, Cimanuk Watershed Region, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21 (2): 546-555
Nedunchezhiyan M, Ravindran CS, Velumani R, 2013. Weed management in root and tuber crops in India: Critical analysis. J Root Crops, 39 (2): 13-20
Newing H, Eagle CM, Puri RK, and Watson CW. 2011. Conducting Research in Conservation: Social Science Methods and Practice. Routledge, London
Permatasari M, Pitoyo A, Suratman. 2014. The diversity of suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) in the ex-residency area of Surakarta based on morphological, anatomical, and isozyme banding patterns. Bioteknologi, 11 (1): 11-18 [Indonesian]
Phungpracha E, Kansuntisukmongkon K, Panya O. 2016. Traditional ecological knowledge in Thailand: Mechanisms and contributions to food security. Kasetsart J Soc Sci, 37: 82-87
Ramanathan R, Bhuvaneswari R, Indhu M, Subramanian G, Dhandapani R. 2014. Survey of ethnobotanical observation on wild tuberous medicinal plants of Kollihills, Namakkal district, Tamilnadu. J Med Plants Stud, 2 (4): 50-58
Sahoo B, Nedunchezhiyan M, Acharyya P. 2016. Yield potential and economics of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) as influenced by fertility levels, light interception, and soil resistance. Indian Agriculturist, 60 (1): 65-69
Santosa E, Lian CL, Sugiyama N, Misra RJ, Boonkorkaew P, Thanomchit K. 2017. Population structure of elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia. Plos One: 1-18
Sedayu A, Eurlings MCM, Gravendeel B, Hetterscheid WLA. 2010. Morphological character evolution of Amorphophallus (Araceae) based on a combined phylogenetic analysis of trnL, rbL, and LEAVY second intron sequences. Bot Stud, 51: 473-490
Singh B, Tham BBT, Rabha NN. 2010. Taxonomical notes on Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson var. campanulatus (Decne) Sivadasan (gigantic flower): a new record for Meghalaya. J Econ Taxon Bot, 34 (3): 492-492
Singh A, Wadhwa N. 2014. A review of multiple potentials of Aroid: Amorphophallus paeoniifolius. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 24 (1): 55-60
Statistics of Majalengka Regency. 2018. Cikijing district in figures. Central Statistics Agency of Majalengka District, Majalengka. [Indonesian]
Statistics of Majalengka Regency. 2019. Cikijing district in figures. Central Statistics Agency of Majalengka District, Majalengka. [Indonesian]
Sulistiyo RH, Soetopo L, and Damanhuri. 2015. Exploration and identification morphological character of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus muelleri B.) in East Java. J Produksi Tanaman, 3 (5): 353-361 [Indonesia]
Venkatesan K, Jansirani P, Kamalkumar R, Sujatha R. 2013. Effect of organic management on the growth and yield of elephant foot yam. J Root Crops, 39 (2): 260-262
Voeks R. 2017. Ethnobotany. In: Richardson D, Castree N, Goodchild MF, Kobayashi A, Liu W, and Marston RA (eds). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., DOI: 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0300
Wang D. 2017. Local governance and local knowledge. J Bus Manag, 5: 415-419
Watson CW. 2011. The role of researcher. In Newing, H. 2011. Researching conservation: A social science perspective. Routledge, London, and New York
Weerarathne LVY, Maramble B, Chauhan BS. 2016. Intercropping as an effective component of integrated weed management in tropical root and tuber crops: A review. Crop Protection, xxx: 1-12
Widjaja EA. 1987. Morphological, anatomical, and chemical analyses of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius and related taxa. Reinwardtia, 10 (3): 271-280
Xu W-B, Svenning J-C, Chen G-K, Zhange M-G, Huang J-H, Chen B, Ordonez A, Ma K-P. 2019. Human activities have opposing effects on distributions of narrow-ranged and widespread plant species in China. PNAS Latest Articles: 1-8. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1911851116
Yabesh, J. E. M., Prabhu S., and Vijayakumar S. 2014. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the silent valley of Kerala, India. J Ethnopharm, 154: 774-789
Yuzammi, Kurniawan A, Asih NPS, Erlinawati I, Hetterscheid W. 2017. The Amorphophallus of Indonesia. Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor
Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation, and utilization. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 140-152
Zambrana NYP, Leret RC, Bussmann RW, Macia MJ. 2014. The influence of socioeconomic factors on traditional knowledge: a cross-scale comparison of palm use in Northwestern South America. Ecol Soc, 19 (4): 9
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