Floristic study of an ultramafic formation in Sitio Magarwak, Sta. Lourdes, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan Island, Philippines
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MARIA ELLENITA DE CASTRO
♥
JOSE SANTOS CARANDANG VI
ESPERANZA MARIBEL AGOO
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-2760
Abstract
Abstract. De Castro ME, Carandang VI JS, Agoo EM. 2020. Floristic study of an ultramafic formation in Sitio Magarwak, Sta. Lourdes, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 3769-3779. A study was done to assess the floristic composition of an ultramafic formation in Sitio Magarwak, Barangay Sta. Lourdes, Puerto Princesa City Palawan. A total of 52 trees and shrubs representing 30 families and 48 genera was recorded in the overstorey while the ground cover was dominated by 10 species mostly from families Poaceae and Zingiberaceae. The most dominant tree species include Dillenia monantha Merr., Xanthostemon speciosus Merr. and Schima wallichii ssp. oblata (Roxb.) Kurz. with Important Value Indices (IVIs) of 15.96%, 15.71%, and 14.20%, respectively. Level of endemicity was considerably high with 21 species classified as indigenous, 11 of which have their population restricted only on the island of Palawan. However, most of these endemics are now under threat based on the Updated List of Threatened Philippine Plants and their Categories (DAO No 2017-11) and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (2020-1). Two species are classified as ?critically endangered? (Olea palawanensis Kiew and Guioa palawanica Welzen) while the two are ‘endangered’ (Kibatalia stenopetala Merr. and Nepenthes philippinensis Macfarl.). Findings from this study suggest that appropriate conservation measures must be put in place to ensure protection of the native flora’s remaining population from further destruction.
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References
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Reeves RD. 2003.Tropical hyperaccumulators of metals and their potential for phytoextraction. Plants and Soil 49:57-65.
Sarmiento RT and Demetillo MT. 2017. Rapid assessment on tree diversity of Nickel Mining sites in Carrascal, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. J. Bio. Env. Sci. 10(4): 201-207.
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van der Ent A, Mulligan D, Erskine PD. 2013.Discovery of nickel hyperaccumulators from Kinabalu Park, Sabah (Malaysia) for potential utilization in phytomining. In: Enviromine 2013, Santiago, Chile, 4–6 December 2013. pp 213–221.
van der Ent A, Erskine P, and Sumail S. 2015. Ecology of nickel hyperaccumulator plants from ultramafic soils in Sabah (Malaysia). Chemoecology. DOI 10.1007/s00049-015-0192-7
van der Ent A, Mak R, de Jonge MD, and Harris HH. 2018. Simultaneous hyperaccumulation of nickel and cobalt in the tree Glochidion cf. sericeum (Phyllanthaceae): elemental distribution and chemical speciation. Scientific Reports. 8:9683.15p. https://10.1038/s41598-018-26891-7
Amoroso VB, Obsioma LD, Arlalejo JB et al. 2009. Inventory and conservation of endangered, endemic and economically important flora of Hamiguitan Range, southern Philippines. Blumea 54, 2009: 71–76 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea
Baker AJM, Proctor J, van Balgooy MMJ, Reeves RD.1992. Hyperaccumulation of Nickel by the Flora of the Ultramafcs of Palawan, Republic of the Philippines. In: Baker AJM, Proctor J, Reeves RD (ed) The vegetation of ultramafc (serpentine) soils. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Serpentine Ecology. Intercept Ltd, Andover Hants pp 291–304.
Bani A, Pavlova D, Echevarria G, et al. 2010. Nickel hyperaccumulation by the species of Alyssum and Thlaspi (Brassicaceae). Botanica Serbica. 34:3-14.
Brazaz FA. 1996. Plants in Changing Environment: Linking Physiological, Population and Community Ecology. Cambridge Univ. Press, UK.
Brooks AJM, Baker FA, Homer RD, Reeves, RR. 1991. Characterization of the nickel-rich extracts from the nickel hyperaccumulator Dichapetalum gelonioides, Phytochemistry 30(7):2141-2145.
Brooks RR. 2000. Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals (their Role in Phytoremediation, Microbiology, Archaeology, Mineral Exploration and Phytomining) CAB International. Oxon & New York.
Castillo ML. 2004. Uniqueness of vegetation in forest over ultramafic rocks and its relevance in forest restoration and rehabilitation or problematic areas in the Philippines.
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2005000022
Department of Environment and Natural Resources Administrative Order 2017-11. Updated national list of threatened Philippine plants and their categories. Philippines.
Fernando ES, Quimado MO, Trinidad LC and Doronilla AJ. (2013). The potential use of indigenous nickel hyperaccumulator for small-scale mining in the Philippines. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management. 1:21-26. ISSN2339-076x.
Fernando ES, Suh MH, Lee J, Lee DK. 2008 Forest Formations of the Philippines. ASEAN Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit, Seoul National University, Korea, 1–232.
Flora Malesiana Series. 1995-2012. Foundation Flora Malesiana, The Netherlands.
Garnier J, Quantin C, Guimaraes E, et al. 2009. Understanding the genesis of ultramafic soils and catena dynamics in Niquelandia, Brazil. Geoderma 151, 204-214.
Green JL and Ostling A. 2003. Endemics-area relationships: The influence of species dominance and spatial aggregation. Ecology 84:3090–3097.
Killeen TJ, Jardim A, Mamani F, Rojas N. 1998. Diversity, composition and structure of a tropical semideciduous forest in the Chiquitania region of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. J Trop Ecol 14:803–827.
Lillo EP, Fernando ES and Lillo MR. 2018. Plant diversity and structure of forest habitat types on Dinagat Island, Philippines. J of Asia-Pacific Biodiv, 12 (2019) 83-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.07.003.
Lumbres RIC, Palaganas JA, Micosa SC et al. 2014. Floral diversity assessment in Alno communal mixed forest in Benguet, Philippines. Landscape Ecol Eng 10:361–368. DOI 10.1007/s11355-012-0204-5
Madulid DA. 2001. Dictionary of Philippine Plant Names. Bookmark Inc. Makati City.
Medecilo MMP and Lagat MN. 2017. Floristic composition of the remaining forest in upland Cavite, Luzon Island, Philippines. Philippine J Systematic Biology. 11(1): 74-94.
Merrill, E.D. 1923-1926. An Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants. Vol. I-IV. Bureau of Printing, Manila, Philippines.
Ocon J, Ampan P, Mora-Garcia C, et al. 2018. Diversity assessment of floral species and screening of potential nickel hyperaccumulator in nickel-rich Kinalablaban Delta, Cagdianao, Claver, Surigao del Norte, Philippines. J Environ and Earth Sci. 8(7): 225-948.
Pelser, PB, Barcelona JF and Nickrent DL(eds). 2011 onwards. Co’s Digital Flora of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org.
Proctor J. 2003. Vegetation and soil and plant chemistry on ultramafic rocks in the tropical Far East. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 6/1, 2:105-124
Proctor J, Baker JM, Van Balgooy MMJ et al. 2000. Mount Bloomfield, Palawan, Philippines: Forest on Greyweck and Serpentinized Peridotite . Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 57 (1): 121-139.
Proctor J, Bruijnzeels LA, Baker AJM. 1999. What caused the vegetation types onMt.Bloomfield, a coastal tropical mountain of the western Philippines. Global Ecology and Biogeography 8:347-354.
Rajakaruna N and Baker AJM. 2004. Serpentine: A Model Habitat for Botanical Research in Sri Lanka. Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) Vol. 32, 2004, 1-19.
Replan EL and Malaki ABB. 2017. Floral diversity and Habitat Assessment of Canbantug Forest, Argao, Central Visayas, Cebu, Philippines. International J of Scientific and Engineering Research 8(10):775-780.
Reeves RD. 2003.Tropical hyperaccumulators of metals and their potential for phytoextraction. Plants and Soil 49:57-65.
Sarmiento RT and Demetillo MT. 2017. Rapid assessment on tree diversity of Nickel Mining sites in Carrascal, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. J. Bio. Env. Sci. 10(4): 201-207.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-1. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T125958171A125958179.en
van der Ent A, Mulligan D, Erskine PD. 2013.Discovery of nickel hyperaccumulators from Kinabalu Park, Sabah (Malaysia) for potential utilization in phytomining. In: Enviromine 2013, Santiago, Chile, 4–6 December 2013. pp 213–221.
van der Ent A, Erskine P, and Sumail S. 2015. Ecology of nickel hyperaccumulator plants from ultramafic soils in Sabah (Malaysia). Chemoecology. DOI 10.1007/s00049-015-0192-7
van der Ent A, Mak R, de Jonge MD, and Harris HH. 2018. Simultaneous hyperaccumulation of nickel and cobalt in the tree Glochidion cf. sericeum (Phyllanthaceae): elemental distribution and chemical speciation. Scientific Reports. 8:9683.15p. https://10.1038/s41598-018-26891-7