Soybean-maize intercropping feasibility under drought-prone area in East Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Harsono A, Elisabeth DAA, Muzaiyanah S, Rianto SA. 2020. Soybean-maize intercropping feasibility under drought-prone area in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3744-3754. The study aimed to determine the land productivity, economic feasibility, and soybean cultivar which is suitable for intercropped with maize in maize production center on dryland-upland in East Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted in Semanding and Merakurak Sub-districts, Tuban District, East Java, Indonesia at the end of rainy season (March-July 2019). The study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was planting patterns, namely: soybean intercropping with maize, maize monoculture, and soybean monoculture. The second factor was soybean cultivars, namely: Argomulyo, Dena 1, and Dega 1. The maize variety used was NK Hybrid 212. The result of study indicated that by intercropping and selecting appropriate cultivar, soybean could be developed on dryland-upland area. Soybean intercropping with plant spacing of 30 cm x 15 cm and two seeds per-hill and maize in double row with plant spacing of (40 x 20) cm x 200 cm and one seed per-hill was able to produce maize seeds yield as high as maize increase LER by 1.69, and increase farming income. Dena 1 intercropping with maize was able to provide higher benefit, economic feasibility, and land-use efficiency than Argomulyo and Dega 1, even though Dega 1 had the strongest competitiveness, and Argomulyo had the higher soybean yield.
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References
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Aminah IS, Budianta D, Munandar, Perto Y, Sodikin E. 2014. Intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) for land use efficiency and increased production of tidal swamps. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim 38 (2): 119-128. [Indonesian]
Ankidawa BA, Vanke I. 2018. Water requirement for maize production in Lake Geriyo irrigation scheme Yola, Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria. Noble International Journal of Scientific Research 2 (8): 49-59.
Arifin Z, Tafakresnanto C. 2019. Management of cropping pattern based on soybean and maize in dry land. Buletin Palawija 17(2): 83-93. [Indonesian]
Astuti HB, Hartono R, Rambe SSM. 2019. Financial analysis of maize and jajar legowo intercropping system of maize-soybean in Seluma District. Agrisep 18(1): 107-114. [Indonesian]
Belel MD, Halim RA, Rafii MY, Saud HM. 2014. Intercropping of maize with some selected legumes for improved forage production: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Science 6(3): 48–62.
Boote JR, Stansell, Schuber AM, Stone JF. 1982. Irrigation, water use and water relations. In: Patte HE, Young CT (eds). Peanut Science and Technology. APPRES, Texas, USA.
Ceunfin S, Prajitno D, Suryanto P, Putra ETS. 2017. Penilaian kompetisi dan keuntungan hasil tumpangsari jagung kedelai di bawah tegakan kayu putih. Savana Cendana Jurnal Pertanian Konservasi Lahan Kering 2(1): 1-3. [Indonesian]
Chuanyan Z, Zhongren N. 2007. Estimating water needs of maize (Zea mays L.) using the dual crop coefficient method in the arid region of Northwestern China. African Journal of Agricultural Research 2(7): 325-333.
Du JB, Han TF, Gai JY, Yong TW, Sun X, Wang XC, Yang F, Liu J, Su K, Liu WG, Yang WY. 2018. Maize-soybean strip intercropping: achieved a balance between high productivity and sustainability. J. Integr. Agr 17(4): 747–754.
Habib A, Affandi R, Siregar MR. 2019. Analysis of the Voerseri business feasibility study (a packaged bird feed from Singapore Cherry). IOSR Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS). 7(1): 53-59.
Harsono A. 2017. Langkah merengkuh swasembada kedelai. In: Forum Komunikasi Profesor Riset, Ragam Pemikiran Pengembangan Pertanian 2015-2016, IAARD Press, Jakarta, pp. 43-48. [Indonesian]
Iletri [Balitkabi]. 2016. Deskripsi varietas unggul aneka kacang dan umbi. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi, Badan Litbang Pertanian. [Indonesian]
Istriningsih, Dewi YA. 2015. Performance of soybean’s farmer field school-integrated crop management in Central Java and West Nusa Tenggara Provinces, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 12(2): 33-44.
Kristiono A, Subandi. 2017. Pengaruh penataan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan hasil tumpangsari kedelai dan jagung pada lahan kering iklim kering. In: Rahmianna AA et al. (eds), Inovasi Teknologi Lahan Suboptimal untuk Pengembangan Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi Mendukung Pencapaian Kedaulatan Pangan. Proceedings of Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi 2016, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, Malang, 25 May 2016. [Indonesian]
Liu X, Rahman T, Song C, Su B, Yang F, Yong T, Wu Y, Zhang C, Yang W. 2017. Changes in light environment, morphology, growth and yield ofsoybean in maize-soybean intercropping systems. Field Crops Research 200(2017): 38-46.
Liu X. Rahman T, Song C, Yang F, Su B, Cui L, Bu W, Yang W. 2018. Relationships among light distribution, radiation use efficiency and land equivalent ratio in maize-soybean strip intercropping. Field Crops Research 224(2018): 91-102.
Lv Y, Francis C, Wu P, Chen X, Zhao X. 2014. Maize-soybean intercropping interactions above and below ground. Crop Science 54: 914-922.
Machado S, Petrie S, Rhinhart K, Ramig RE. 2008. Tillage effects on water use and grain yield of winter wheat and green pea in rotation. Agronomy Journal 100(1): 154-162.
Mahallati MN, Koocheki A, Mondani F, Feizi H, Amirmoradi S. 2014. Determination of optimal strip width in strip intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Northeast Iran. J. Clean Prod. 106 (3): 390–404.
Mulyani A, Sarwani M. 2013. The characteristics and potential of sub optimal land for agricultural development in Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 7(1): 47-55. [Indonesian]
Mulyani A, Nursyamsi D, Harnowo D. 2017. Potensi dan tantangan pemanfaatan lahan suboptimal untak tanaman aneka kacang dan umbi. In: Rahmianna AA et al. (eds), Inovasi Teknologi Lahan Suboptimal untuk Pengembangan Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi Mendukung Pencapaian Kedaulatan Pangan. Proceedings of Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi 2016, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, Malang, 25 May 2016. [Indonesian]
Mutmaidah S, Sundari T. 2018. Efisiensi pemanfaatan lahan untuk memaksimalkan pendapatan dengan pola tumpangsari jagung dan kedelai. In: Sundari T et al. (eds). Proceedings of Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi Tahun 2017, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan, Malang, 26 July 2017. [Indonesian]
Muoneke CO, Ogwuche MAO, Kalu BA. 2007. Effect of maize planting density on the performance of maize/ soybean intercropping system in a Guinea Savannah agroecosystem. Afri. J. Agric. Res. 2(12): 667-677.
Oseni TO. 2010. Evaluation of sorghum-cowpea intercrop productivity in savanna agroecology using competition indices. J. Agr. Sci. 2 (3): 229–234.
Riniarsi D. 2016. Outlook komoditas pertanian tanaman pangan, Kedelai, Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian Kementerian Pertanian, 85 pp, http://epublikasi.setjen.pertanian.go.id. [Indonesian]
Statistics Indonesia [BPS]. 2019. Statistik Indonesia, Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. http://www.bps.go.id. [Indonesian]
Subagio H, Aqil M. 2013. Pemetaan pengembangan varietas unggul jagung di lahan kering iklim kering. Proceedings of Seminar Nasional Serealia, Maros, 18 June 2013. [Indonesian]
Syafruddin, 2016. Fertilizer recommendation of N, P, and K site-specific location for maize cropping in Gowa District, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian 19(2): 119-133. [Indonesian]
Yang F, Wang XC, Liao DP, Lu FZ, Gao RC, Liu WG, Yong TW, Wu XL, Du JB, Liu J, Yang WY. 2015. Yield response to different planting geometries in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. Agron. J. 107(1): 296–304.
Yilmaz S, Atak M, Erayman M. 2008. Identification of advantages of maize-legume intercropping over solitary cropping through competition indices in the East Mediterranean Region. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 32(2008): 111-119.
Yu Y, Stomph TJ, Makowski D, van der Werf W. 2015. Temporal niche differentiation increases the land equivalent ratio of annual intercrops: a meta-analysis. Field Crops Research 184(2015): 133-144.
Yuwariah Y, Ruswandi D, Irwan AW. 2017. Effect of maize-soybean intercropping on growth and yield of maize hybrid in Arjasari Bandung. Jurnal Kultivasi 16 (3): 514-521. [Indonesian]