Effect of growth conditions on ?-glucosidase production by local isolate of Aspergillus niger using rice bran substrate
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Abstract. Sugiwati S, Hanafi M, Lioe HN, Suhartono MT. 2020. Effect of growth conditions on ?-glucosidase production by local isolate of Aspergillus niger using rice bran substrate. Biodiversitas 21: 4058-4066. ?-Glucosidase is the family of glycosyl hydrolase that have potential role in various food industry, such as in tea, wine and vanilla industries to increase the aroma and production of isoflavone aglycons in soybean flour. The present work produced ?-glucosidase from local isolate of Aspergillus niger InaCC F57 under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using rice bran substrate. Fermentation process was made in various conditions with respect to carbon source as substrate, initial pH of fermentation medium, incubation time, water to substrate ratio, fermentation temperature, and addition of Mandels mineral salts solution. The results showed that activity of ?-glucosidase was best at, i.e., 2.45 U/mL, with the use of rice bran as substrate. Furthermore, optimum condition for the highest production of ?-glucosidase occurred at pH 2.0, incubation time of 5 days, water to substrate ratio of 1.5: 1, and incubation temperature of 32°C. Additionally, in optimum fermentation conditions, production of ?-glucosidase could be enhanced up to 26.22% with the presence of Mandels mineral salts solution as compared to the control.
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References
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Bakri Y, Jacques P, Thonart P. 2003. Xylanase production by Penicillium canescens 10-10c in solid state fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 108: 737-748.
Bansal N, Tewari R, Soni R, Soni SK. 2012. Production of cellulases from Aspergillus niger NS-2 in solid state fermentation on agricultural and kitchen waste residues. Waste Management. 32: 1341-1346.
Cao P, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhou N, Chen Y. 2015. Alkali-tolerant ?-glucosidase produced by newly isolated Aspergillus fumigatus WL002 from Rotten Wood. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 105: 276-282.
Datta R. Acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulose-acid yield and conversion of components. 1981. Biotech. and Bioeng. 23(9): 2167-2170.
da Silva TM, Pessela BC, da Silva JCR, Lima MS, Jorge JA, Guisan JM, Polizeli MLTM. 2014. Immobilization and high stability of an extracellular ?-glucosidase from Aspergillus japonicus by ionic interactions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 104: 95-100.
Elshafei AM, Hassan MM, Morsi NM, Elghonamy DH. 2011. Purification and some kinetic properties of beta-glucosidase from Aspergillus terreus NRRL 265. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(84): 19556-19569.
Garcia-Kirchner O, Segura-Granados M, Rodriguez-Pascual P. 2005. Effect of media composition and growth conditions on production of ?-glucosidase by Aspergillus niger C-6. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 121-124: 347-360.
Gonzales-Pombo P, Farina L, Carrau F, Batista-Viera F, Brena B.M. 2011. A Novel extracellular ?-glucosidase from Issatchenkia terricola: isolation, immobilization and application for aroma enhancement of white muscat wine. Process Biochemistry. 46(1): 385-389.
Herr D, Baumer F, Dellweg H. Purification and properties of an extracellular ?-glucosidase from Lenzites trabea. 1978. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 5(1): 29-36.
Ikram-ul-Haq, Javed MM, Khan TS. 2006. An innovative for hyperproduction of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes by consortium of Aspergillus niger MSK-1 and Trichoderma viride MSK-10. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(8): 609-614.
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Li J, Li P, Liu F. 2008. Production of theanine by Xerocomus badius (Mushroom) using submerged fermentation. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 41: 883-889.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
Mandels M, Reese ET. 1957. Induction of cellulase in Trichoderma viride as influenced by carbon Sources and Metals. Journal of Bacteriology. 73: 269-278.
Martins LF, Kolling D, Camassola M, Dillon AJP, Ramos LP. 2008. Comparison of Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma reesei cellulases in relation to their activity against various cellulosic substrates. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 1417-1424.
Norouzian D. 2008. Effect of different factors on fermentative production of enzymes by fungi. Dynamic Biochemistry, Process Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 2(1): 14-18.
Qian LC, Fu SJ, Zhou HM, Sun JY, Weng XY. 2012. Optimization of fermentation parameters for ?-glucosidase production by Aspergillus niger. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 11(5):583-591.
Rajoka MI, Khan S, Latif F, Shahid R. 2004. Influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and temperature on hyperproduction of a thermotolerant ?-glucosidase from synthetic medium by Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 117(2): 75-92.
Raza F, Raza N.A, Hameed U, Haq I.U, Mariam I. 2011. Solid state fermentation for the production of ?-glucosidase by co-culture of Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae. Park. J. Bot. 43(1): 75-83.
Rivera-Espinoza Y., Muriel P. 2013. Vanilla. Global Advanced Research Journal of Microbiology. 2(11): 203-210.
Schuster E, Dunn-Coleman N, Frisvad JC, van Dijck PWM. 2002. On the safety of Aspergillus niger – a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 59(4-5): 426-435.
Singhania R.R., Patel A.K., Sukumaran R.K., Larroche C., Pandey A. 2013. Role and significance of ?-glucosidases in the hydrolysis of cellulose for bioethanol production. Bioresource Technology. 127: 500-507.
Sorensen A, Lubeck M, Lubeck PS, Ahring BK. 2013. Fungal beta-glucosidases: a bottleneck in industrial use of lignocellulosic materials. Biomolecules. 3: 612-631.
Sorensen A, Andersen JJ, Ahring BK, Teller PJ, Lubeck M. 2014. Screening of carbon sources for beta-glucosidase production by Aspergillus saccharolyticus. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 93: 78-83.
Su E, Xia T, Gao L, Dai Q, Zhang Z. 2010. Immobilization of ?-glucosidase and its aroma-increasing effect on tea beverage. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 88: 83-89.
Watanabe A, Suzuki M, Ujiie S, Gomi K. 2016. Purification and enzymatic characterization of a novel ?-1,6-Glucosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 121(3): 259-264.
Yang X, Mai R, Shi P, Huang H, Bai Y, Wang Y, Yang P, Fan Y, Yao B. 2014. Molecular characterization of a highly-active thermophilic ?-glucosiase from neosartorya fischeri P1 and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone Glycosides. PLos One. 9(9): e106785.
Zahoor S, Javed MM, Aftab S, Latif F, ul-Haq I. 2011. Metabolic engineering and thermodynamic characterization of an extracellular ?-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niger. African Journal of Biotechnology.10(41): 8107-8116.
Asha P, Divya J, Bright Singh IS. 2016. Purification and characterization of processive-type endoglucanase and ?-glucosidase from Aspergillus ochraceus MTCC 1810 through saccharification of delignified coir pith to glucose. Bioresource Technology. 213: 245-248.
Bakri Y, Jacques P, Thonart P. 2003. Xylanase production by Penicillium canescens 10-10c in solid state fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 108: 737-748.
Bansal N, Tewari R, Soni R, Soni SK. 2012. Production of cellulases from Aspergillus niger NS-2 in solid state fermentation on agricultural and kitchen waste residues. Waste Management. 32: 1341-1346.
Cao P, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhou N, Chen Y. 2015. Alkali-tolerant ?-glucosidase produced by newly isolated Aspergillus fumigatus WL002 from Rotten Wood. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 105: 276-282.
Datta R. Acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulose-acid yield and conversion of components. 1981. Biotech. and Bioeng. 23(9): 2167-2170.
da Silva TM, Pessela BC, da Silva JCR, Lima MS, Jorge JA, Guisan JM, Polizeli MLTM. 2014. Immobilization and high stability of an extracellular ?-glucosidase from Aspergillus japonicus by ionic interactions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. 104: 95-100.
Elshafei AM, Hassan MM, Morsi NM, Elghonamy DH. 2011. Purification and some kinetic properties of beta-glucosidase from Aspergillus terreus NRRL 265. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(84): 19556-19569.
Garcia-Kirchner O, Segura-Granados M, Rodriguez-Pascual P. 2005. Effect of media composition and growth conditions on production of ?-glucosidase by Aspergillus niger C-6. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 121-124: 347-360.
Gonzales-Pombo P, Farina L, Carrau F, Batista-Viera F, Brena B.M. 2011. A Novel extracellular ?-glucosidase from Issatchenkia terricola: isolation, immobilization and application for aroma enhancement of white muscat wine. Process Biochemistry. 46(1): 385-389.
Herr D, Baumer F, Dellweg H. Purification and properties of an extracellular ?-glucosidase from Lenzites trabea. 1978. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 5(1): 29-36.
Ikram-ul-Haq, Javed MM, Khan TS. 2006. An innovative for hyperproduction of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes by consortium of Aspergillus niger MSK-1 and Trichoderma viride MSK-10. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(8): 609-614.
Krisch J, Tako M, Papp T, Vagvolgyi C. 2011. Characteristics and potential use of ?-glucosidase from Zygomycetes. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology. A. Mendez-Vilas (Ed.). pp. 891-896.
Li J, Li P, Liu F. 2008. Production of theanine by Xerocomus badius (Mushroom) using submerged fermentation. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 41: 883-889.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
Mandels M, Reese ET. 1957. Induction of cellulase in Trichoderma viride as influenced by carbon Sources and Metals. Journal of Bacteriology. 73: 269-278.
Martins LF, Kolling D, Camassola M, Dillon AJP, Ramos LP. 2008. Comparison of Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma reesei cellulases in relation to their activity against various cellulosic substrates. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 1417-1424.
Norouzian D. 2008. Effect of different factors on fermentative production of enzymes by fungi. Dynamic Biochemistry, Process Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 2(1): 14-18.
Qian LC, Fu SJ, Zhou HM, Sun JY, Weng XY. 2012. Optimization of fermentation parameters for ?-glucosidase production by Aspergillus niger. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 11(5):583-591.
Rajoka MI, Khan S, Latif F, Shahid R. 2004. Influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and temperature on hyperproduction of a thermotolerant ?-glucosidase from synthetic medium by Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 117(2): 75-92.
Raza F, Raza N.A, Hameed U, Haq I.U, Mariam I. 2011. Solid state fermentation for the production of ?-glucosidase by co-culture of Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae. Park. J. Bot. 43(1): 75-83.
Rivera-Espinoza Y., Muriel P. 2013. Vanilla. Global Advanced Research Journal of Microbiology. 2(11): 203-210.
Schuster E, Dunn-Coleman N, Frisvad JC, van Dijck PWM. 2002. On the safety of Aspergillus niger – a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 59(4-5): 426-435.
Singhania R.R., Patel A.K., Sukumaran R.K., Larroche C., Pandey A. 2013. Role and significance of ?-glucosidases in the hydrolysis of cellulose for bioethanol production. Bioresource Technology. 127: 500-507.
Sorensen A, Lubeck M, Lubeck PS, Ahring BK. 2013. Fungal beta-glucosidases: a bottleneck in industrial use of lignocellulosic materials. Biomolecules. 3: 612-631.
Sorensen A, Andersen JJ, Ahring BK, Teller PJ, Lubeck M. 2014. Screening of carbon sources for beta-glucosidase production by Aspergillus saccharolyticus. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 93: 78-83.
Su E, Xia T, Gao L, Dai Q, Zhang Z. 2010. Immobilization of ?-glucosidase and its aroma-increasing effect on tea beverage. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 88: 83-89.
Watanabe A, Suzuki M, Ujiie S, Gomi K. 2016. Purification and enzymatic characterization of a novel ?-1,6-Glucosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 121(3): 259-264.
Yang X, Mai R, Shi P, Huang H, Bai Y, Wang Y, Yang P, Fan Y, Yao B. 2014. Molecular characterization of a highly-active thermophilic ?-glucosiase from neosartorya fischeri P1 and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone Glycosides. PLos One. 9(9): e106785.
Zahoor S, Javed MM, Aftab S, Latif F, ul-Haq I. 2011. Metabolic engineering and thermodynamic characterization of an extracellular ?-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niger. African Journal of Biotechnology.10(41): 8107-8116.
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