Phytochemical screening and biological activities of pakoba (Syzygium luzonense) stem bark ethanol extract
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Abstract. Walean M, Melpin R, Rondonuwu M, Pinontoan KF, Maliangkay HP, Astriani M. 2020. Phytochemical screening and biological activities of pakoba (Syzygium luzonense) stem bark ethanol extract. Biodiversitas 21: 2377-2382. Pakoba (Syzygium luzonense (Merr.) Merr) as an endemic and ethnomedical plant of North Sulawesi was investigated for its phytochemical constituents and biological activities. The presence of phytochemicals constituents, antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and antihyperglycemic of pakoba stem bark ethanolic extract (PSBEE) were also investigated. Pakoba stem bark was extracted using ethanol. The extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using the Kirby Bauer method, whereas antioxidant activity was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats investigation was used to determine the antihyperglycemic activity. The phytochemical analysis revealed that tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids were present in PSBEE. PSBEE has potent antioxidant activity with antioxidant activity index = 1.02. PSBEE significantly reduced the blood sugar of hyperglycemic rats with an optimum dose of 300 mg/kgbw. In this study, PSBEE has weak antibacterial activity against in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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References
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Alhabsyi, D. F., & Suryanto, E. (2014). Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Tabir Surya pada Ekstrak Kulit Buah Pisang Goroho ( Musa acuminate L .). Pharmacon, 3, 107–114.
Arumugam, B., Palanisamy, U. D., Chua, K. H., & Kuppusamy, U. R. (2016). Potential antihyperglycaemic effect of myricetin derivatives from Syzygium malaccense. Journal of Functional Foods, 22, 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFF.2016.01.038
August, J.-, Ezenyi, I. C., Mbamalu, O. N., Balogun, L., Omorogbe, L., & Solomon, F. (2016). Antidiabetic Potentials of Syzygium guineense Methanol Leaf Extract. The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 5, 150–156.
Aziz, A., & Banerjee, S. (2018). Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity study of Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) Seed Extracts. Pharmatutor, 6(4), 70. https://doi.org/10.29161/PT.v6.i4.2018.70
Balsells, M., García-Patterson, A., Solà, I., Roqué, M., Gich, I., & Corcoy, R. (2015). Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Montserrat Balsells registrar in endocrinology and nutrition. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 102(January), 305–307. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h102
Chandran, R., George, B. P., Abrahamse, H., & Parimelazhagan, T. (2017). Therapeutic effects of Syzygium mundagam bark methanol extract on type-2 diabetic complications in rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 95, 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOPHA.2017.08.061
Chandran, R., Parimelazhagan, T., Shanmugam, S., & Thankarajan, S. (2016). Antidiabetic activity of Syzygium calophyllifolium in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Type-2 diabetic rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 82, 547–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOPHA.2016.05.036
Chandrasekaran, M., & Venkatesalu, V. (2004). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Syzygium jambolanum seeds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 91(1), 105–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.012
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El-Maati, M. F. A., Mahgoub, S. A., Labib, S. M., Al-Gaby, A. M. A., & Ramadan, M. F. (2016). Phenolic Extracts of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) with Novel Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 8(4), 494–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2016.02.006
Etuk. (2010). Animals Models for Studying Diabetes Mellitus. Agriculture And Biology Journal Of North Amarica, 2, 130–134.
Habtemariam, S. (2019). The Chemical and Pharmacological Basis of Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry) as Potential Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Diseases. Medicinal Foods as Potential Therapies for Type-2 Diabetes and Associated Diseases, 551–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102922-0.00016-X
Haryati, N., Saleh, C., & Erwin. (2015). Uji Toksisitas Dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Merah Tanaman Pucuk Merah (Syzygium Myrtifolium Walp.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli. Jurnal Kimia Mulawarman, 13(1), 35–40.
Hidayati, M. D., Ersam, T., Shimizu, K., & Fatmawati, S. (2017). Antioxidant Activity of Syzygium polyanthum Extracts. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 17(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.23545
Kaur, A. P., Singh, K., & Kaur, R. (2017). The Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Syzygium cumin Leaves. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(2), 215–222. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.602.028
Khamchan, A., Paseephol, T., & Hanchang, W. (2018). Protective effect of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry) against streptozotocin-induced pancreatic ß-cell damage in diabetic rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 108, 634–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOPHA.2018.09.072
Kinho, J., Arini, D. I. D., Halawane, J., Nurani, L., Halidah, Kafiar, Y., & Karundeng, M. C. (2011). Tumbuhan obat tradisional di Sulawesi Utara. Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Manado.
Konda, P. Y., Dasari, S., Konanki, S., & Nagarajan, P. (2019). In vivo antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative stress and antioxidant potential activities of Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn. in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Heliyon, 5(3), e01373. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2019.E01373
Krishnasamy, G., & Muthusamy, K. (2015). In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Syzygium densiflorum Fruits. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5(11), 912–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(15)60956-2
Kumar, A., Anu, Mohan, A., Sharma, N. R., & Rehman, H. (2017). Antibacterial, Antioxidant Analysis of Phytochemical Extracts Derived From Seeds of Syzygium cumini L. Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(8), 2707–2712. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00481.4
Kusuma, I. W., Kuspradini, H., Arung, E. T., Aryani, F., Min, Y. H., Kim, J. S., & Kim, Y. ung. (2011a). Biological Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Three Indonesian Medicinal Plants, Murraya koenigii, Syzygium polyanthum and Zingiber purpurea. JAMS Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 4(1), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2005-2901(11)60010-1
Kusuma, I. W., Kuspradini, H., Arung, E. T., Aryani, F., Min, Y.-H., Kim, J.-S., & Kim, Y. (2011b). Biological Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Three Indonesian Medicinal Plants, Murraya koenigii, Syzygium polyanthum and Zingiber purpurea. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies, 4(1), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2005-2901(11)60010-1
Lenzen, S. (2008). The mechanisms of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia, 51, 216–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-007-0886-7
Lingga, R. A., Pato, U., & Rossi, E. (2016). Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Batang Kecombrang (Nicolaia speciosa Horan) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. JOM Faperta, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-4057.2016.01.003
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