Short Communication: Isolation and characterization of thermophilic actinobacteria as proteolytic enzyme producer from Ie Seuum Hot Spring, Aceh Besar, Indonesia
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Abstract. Fitri L, Putri KA, Suhartono, Ismail YS. 2019. Short Communication: Isolation and characterization of thermophilic actinobacteria as proteolytic enzyme producer from Ie Seuum Hot Spring, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2802-2808. Proteases are enzymes who catalyze the breakdown of peptide bonds in proteins. This enzyme could be produced from thermophilic bacteria that are able to grow at temperatures of 45-80ºC and are stable to heat. The samples were collected at Ie Seu'um hot spring, Aceh Besar. This study aimed to isolate, to characterize and to determine actinobacteria that were capable of producing protease enzymes. The sampling method in this study was conducted by purposive sampling at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70ºC. Isolation of thermophilic actinobacteria was carried out in Humic Acid Vitamin B (HV) Agar medium and morphological characterization was carried out in Yeast Malt Agar (YMA), Yeast Starch Agar (YSA), Oatmeal Agar (OA) media. Microscopic characterization and measurement of clear zone diameter formed were carried out in skim milk medium. The results showed that one actinobacteria isolate was obtained at a temperature of 50ºC and five isolates at a temperature of 60ºC, meanwhile, no actinobacteria could be obtained at a temperature of 70ºC. A total of 4 isolates obtained were able to produce protease enzymes. The highest Proteolytic Index (IP) value was obtained from IS01 which was 3.8.
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References
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Yuratmoko D, Mubarik NR, Meryandini A. 2007. Screening of Proteolytic Enzymes of Streptomyces sp. Local Strain and Their Characterization. Microbiol Indones. 1(2): 69?73.
Ambarwati. 2007. Study On Potential Actinomycetes To Produce Antibiotik Dari Rhizosfer Antibiotic Taken From Mimosa Pudica L. And Acalypha Indica L. Plants. JSTF 8: 1–14. [Indonesia].
Anandan R, Dharumadurai D, Manogaran GP. 2016. An Introduction to Actinobacteria. Basics and Biotechnology Application. Intech, India.
Astuty E. 2017. Isolation and Characterization of Morphology of Indigenous Actinomycetes of Peatland Origin. J Ilmu Alam dan Lingkungan 8: 7–15. [Indonesia]
Balachandran, C., Duraipandiyan, V. S. & Ignacimuthu. (2012). Purification and Characterization of Protease Enzyme from Actinomycetes and Its Cytotoxic Effect on Cancer Cell Line (A549). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 1(2):392–400.
Bredholt H, Fjærvik E, Johnsen G, Zotchev SB. 2008. Actinomycetes from Sediment in the Trondheim Fjord, Norway: Diversity and Biological Activity. Mar Drugs 6(1): 12–24.
Chaudhary N, Shraddha P. 2016. Thermophilic Actinomycetes from Hot Water Spring Capable of Producing Enzymes of Industrial Importance. Int j res stud biosci 4(6): 29–35.
Dhanasekaran D, Selvamani S, Pannerselvam A, Thajuddin N. 2009. Isolation and Characterization of Actynomycetes in Vellar Estuary, Annagkoil, Tamil Nadu. Afr J Biotechno 8(17): 4159–4162.
Dilip KA, Ajello L, Mukerji, KG. 2013. Handbook of Applied Mycology: Food and Feed. CRC Press, India.
Flardh K, Richard DM, Hempel AM, Howard M, Buttner MJ. 2012. Regulation of apical growth and hyphal branching in Streptomyces. Curr Opin Microbiol 15(6):737–743.
Ghorbel S, Kammoun M, Soltana H, Nasri M, Hmidet N. 2014. Streptomyces flavogriseus HS1: Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Proteases and Their Compatibility with Laundry Detergents. Biomed Res Int. 2014: 1–8.
Gurung, T, Sherpa C, Agrawal V, Lekhak, B. 2009. Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Actinomycetes from Soil Sample of Kalaphattar, Mount Everest Region. Nepal J Sci Technol 10: 173–182.
Jeffrey LSH. 2008. Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Actinomycetes from Agriculture Soils at Semongok, Sarawak. Afr J Biotechno 7(20): 3697–3702.
Jiang H, Dong CZ, Huan Q, Wang G,Fang B, Zhang C. 2012. Actinobacterial diversity in microbial mats of five hot springs in Central and Central-Eastern Tibet, China. Geographic microbiol 29(6): 520–527.
Kalakoutskii LV, Agre, NS. 1976. Comparative aspects of development and differentiationn in Actinomycetes. Bacteriol Rev 40(2): 469–524.
Kanti A. 2005. Cellulolytic Actinomycetes isolated from soil in Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi. Biodiversitas. 6: 365–375.[Indonesia].
Kokare CR, Mahadik KR, Kadam SS, Chopade BA. 2004. Isolation of Bioactive Marine Actinomycetes from Sediment Isolated from Goa and Maharastra Castline (West Coast of Indiaa). Indian J Mar Sci. 33(3): 248–256.
Kurniawan, HM. 2011. Isolasi dan Optimasi Ekstrinsik Bakteri Termo-proteolitik Isolat Sumber Air Panas Semurup Kabupaten Kerinci, Jambi. Pasca Sarjana Universitas Andalas, Padang.
Lechevalier HA, Lechevalier MP. 1967. Biologi of Actinomycetes. Annu Rev Microbiol 21: 71–100.
Li Q, Chen X, Jiang Y, Jiang C. 2016. Morphological Identification of Actinobacteria. Basics and Biotechnology Application. Intech, India.
Said MI, Likadja JC. 2012. Isolasition and Identification of Bacteria That Has Potential as Producer of Protease Enzyme in the Tannery Industry, PT. Adi Satria Abadi (ASA) Yogyakarta. JITP 2: 121–128. [Indonesia].
Linda TM, Martina A, Febrianti LB, 2016. Protease-Producing Actinomycetes Selection from Peat Soils in Langkat Village, Siak, Riau. Jurnal Riau Biologia 1: 62–66. [Indonesia].
Nurkanto A, Agusta A. 2015. Molecular Identification and Morpho-Physiological Characterization of Actinomycetes with Antimicrobial Properties. J Biologi Indones.11(2): 195–203.[Indonesia].
Shirling E, Gottlieb G. 1995. Farmakologi dan Terapi. UI Press, Jakarta.
Valanarsu M, Kannan P, Ezhilvendan S, Ganesan G, Ignacimuthu S, Agastian P . 2010. Antifungal and Antifeedant Activities of Extracellular Product of Streptomyces spp. ERI-04 Isolated from Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. J Mycol Med 20(4):290–297.
Valverde A, Tuffin M, Cowan DA. 2012. Biogeography of Bacterial Communities in Hot Springs: a Focus on The Actinobacteria. Extremophile 16(4): 669?679.
Vonothini G, Murugan M, Sivakumar K, Sudha S. 2008. Optimization of Protease Production by an Actinomycetes Strain PS-18A Isolated from Estuarine Shrimp Pond. Afr J Biotechno 7(18): 3225?3230.
Whaitaka PN, Mwaura BF, Wagacha MJ, Gathuru EM. 2017. Isolation of Actinomycetes from Geothermal Vents of Menengai Crater in Kenya. Int J Mol Biol 2(5): 31?42.
Wulandari S, Nanik S. 2016. Influence of Media to Isolate Growth of Actinomycetes Code Al35 and Optimization of Antibactery Metabolite Production Based on Fermentation Time and Ph. Media Farmasi. 16(02): 186?198. [Indonesia].
Wink J. 2011. How Can Actinomycetes Taxonomy and Natural Product Research Work Together- The Sanofi-Aventis Approach. Under The Microscope. Microbiology Australia Journals, Cambridgemedia.com.au [7 Juni 2012].
Yuratmoko D, Mubarik NR, Meryandini A. 2007. Screening of Proteolytic Enzymes of Streptomyces sp. Local Strain and Their Characterization. Microbiol Indones. 1(2): 69?73.
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