Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Abstract. Yuliansyah, Haqiqi MT, Septia E, Mujiasih D, Septiana HA, Setiawan KA, Setiyono B, Angi EM, Saparwadi, Sari NM, Kusuma IW, Rujehan, Suwinarti W, Amirta R. 2019. Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2236-2242. Fallow period is a time gap, as long as 15 years, for improving natural soil fertility of land used for traditional shifting cultivation, in the tropical areas commonly used by Dayak People in Borneo Island. During this period, many biomass plant species naturally grow and develop a new forest vegetation community with shrub and medium trees, dominated by fast-growing pioneer species. In this study, we investigated the plant diversity in fallowed shifting cultivation area in Batu Majang Village, Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province, followed by analysis of the suitability of wood characteristics for energy production. We classified the study area according to the age of fallow period as: 1-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-15 years. We found 29 species among which 13 were identified as the top species according to the highest value for important value index. Potential wood biomass production increased from 3.01 m3 ha-1 to 399.62 m3 ha-1. V. pinnata and M. pearsonii showed the highest dominance which is present in almost all area based on age classification groups. Wood from V. pinnata achieved the highest calorific valueof18.00 MJ kg-1 whereas N. cadamba and M. sericea were in the second and third places with the value of 17.30 MJ kg-1 and 17.28 MJ kg-1, respectively. Therefore, V. pinnata was an important species among all other species observed because of high adaptability and high energy content. In addition, possible energy production at the end of the fallow period of 15 years was 2.92 GJ ha-1.
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References
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Amirta R, Yuliansyah, Angi EM, Ananto BR, Setiyono B, Haqiqi MT, Septianan HA, Londong M and Oktavianto RN. 2016. Plant diversity and energy potency of community forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Searching for fast growing wood species for energy production. Nusantara Biosci, 8(1): 22-31.
Amirta R, Haqiqi MT, Saparwadi, Septia E, Mujiasih D, Setiawan KA, Sekedang MA, Yuliansyah, Wijaya A, Setiyono B, Suwinarti W. 2019. Searching for potential wood biomass for green energy feedstock: A study in tropical swamp-peat forest of Kutai Kertanegara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20(6): 1516-1523.
Arung ET, Pasedan WF, Kusuma IW, Hendra M and Supriadi MB. 2017. Short Communication: Selected medicinal plants in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia) against Propionibacterium acnes. Biodiversitas, 18(1): 321-325.
Arranz-Piera P, Kemausuor F, Darkwah L, Edjekumhene I, Cortes J and Velo E. 2018. Mini-grid electricity service based on local agricultural residues: Feasibility study in rural Ghana. Energy, 153: 443-454.
Avc?oglu AO, Day?oglu MA and Türker U. 2019. Assessment of the energy potential of agricultural biomass residues in Turkey. Renew Energ, 138: 610-619.
Bentsen NS, Jørgensen JR, Stupak I, Jørgensen I and Taghizadeh-Toosi A. 2019. Dynamic sustainability assessment of heat and electricity production based on agricultural crop residues in Denmark. J Cleaner Prod, 213: 491-507.
Bilandzija N, Voca N, Jelcic B, Jurisic V, Matin A, Grubor M and Kricka T. 2018. Evaluation of Croatian agricultural solid biomass energy potential Renew Sust Energ Rev, 93: 225–230.
Crepaldi CG, Campos JLA, Albuquerque UP and Sales MF. 2016. Richness and ethnobotany of the family Euphorbiaceae in a tropical semiarid landscape of Northeastern Brazil. S Afr J Bot, 102: 157–165.
De Oliveira JL, da Silva JN, Pereira EG, Filho DO and Carvalho DR. 2013. Characterization and mapping of waste from coffee and eucalyptus production in Brazil for thermochemical conversion of energy via gasification. Renew Sust Energ Rev, 21: 52–58.
Dillen SY, Djomo SN, Al Afas N, Vanbeveren S, Ceulemans R. 2013. Biomass yield and energy balance of a short rotation poplar coppice with multiple clones on degraded land during 16 years. Biomass Bioenerg, 56: 157-165.
Eldabbagh F, Ramesh A, Hawari J, Hutny W and Kozinski JA. 2005. Particle–metal interactions during combustion of pulp and paper biomass in a fluidized bed combustor. Combust Flame, 142: 249–57.
Ghaley BB and Porter JR. 2014. Determination of biomass accumulation in mixed belts of Salix, Corylus and Alnus species in combined food and energy production system. Biomass Bioenerg 63: 86-91.
Goh MPY, Basri AM, Yasin H, Taha H and Ahmad N. 2017. Ethnobotanical review and pharmacological properties of selected medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam: Litsea elliptica, Dillenia suffruticosa, Dillenia excelsa, Aidia racemosa, Vitex pinnata and Senna alata. Asian Pac J Trop Med, 7(2): 173–180.
Gonzalez-Gonzalez BD, Sixto H, Alberdi I, Esteban L, Guerrero S, Pasalodos M, Vazquez A and Canellas I. 2017. Estimation of shrub biomass availability along two geographical transects in the Iberian Peninsula for energy purposes. Biomass Bioenerg, 105: 211-218.
Hauk S, Wittkopf S, Knoke T. 2014. Analysis of commercial short rotation coppices in Bavaria, southern Germany. Biomass Bioenerg, 67: 401-412.
Haverkamp MW and Musshoff O. 2014. Are short rotation coppices an economically interesting form of land use? A real options analysis. Land Use Policy 38: 163-174.
Huang Y, Zhao Y, Hao Y, Wei G, Feng J, Li W, Yia Q, Mohamed U, Pourkashanian M and Nimmo W. 2019. A feasibility analysis of distributed power plants from agricultural residues resources gasification in rural China. Biomass Bioenerg, 121: 1–12.
Krzyzaniak M, Stolarski MJ, Szczukowski S, Tworkowski J, Bieniek A, Mleczek M. 2015. Willow biomass obtained from different soils as a feedstock for energy. Ind Crop Prod 75: 114-121.
Martinez CLM, Rocha EPA, Carneiro ACO, Gomes FJB, Batalha LAR, Vakkilainen E and Cardoso M. 2019. Characterization of residual biomasses from the coffee production chain and assessment the potential for energy purposes. Biomass Bioenerg, 120: 68-76.
McKendry P. 2002. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresource Technol, 83: 37–46.
Morato T, Vaezi M and Kumar A. 2019. Assessment of energy production potential from agricultural residues in Bolivia. Renew Sust Energ Rev, 102: 14–23.
Niemczyk M, Kaliszewski A, Jewiarz M, Wróbel M, Mudryk K. 2018. Productivity and biomass characteristics of selected poplar (Populus spp.) cultivars under the climatic conditions of northern Poland. Biomass and Bioenerg, 111: 46-51.
Parikh L, Channiwala SA and Ghosal GK. 2005. A correlation for calculating HHV from proximate analysis of solid fuels. Fuel, 84: 487-494.
Parikh L, Channiwala S.A and Ghosal G.K. 2007. A correlation for calculating elemental composition from proximate analysis of biomass materials. Fuel, 86: 1710-1719.
Pérez S, Renedo CJ, Ortiz A, Delgado F, Fernández I. 2014. Energy potential of native shrub species in northern Spain. Renew Energ, 62: 79-83.
Reed TB and Das A. 1988. Handbook of downdraft gasifier engine systems. Golden, Colo: Solar Technical Information Program, Solar Energy Research Institute.
Shogoro Fujiki S, Nishio S, Okada K, Nais J and Kitayama K. 2017. Plant communities and ecosystem processes in a succession-altitude matrix after shifting cultivation in the tropical montane forest zone of northern Borneo. J Trop Ecol, 33: 33–49.
Thaler GM and Anandi CAM. 2017. Shifting cultivation, contentious land change and forest governance: the politics of swidden in East Kalimantan. J Peasant Stud, 44(5): 1066-1087.
Virmond E, De Sena RF, Albrecht W, Althoff CA, Moreira RF and Jose´ HJ. 2012. Characterisation of agroindustrial solid residues as biofuels and potential application in thermochemical processes. Waste Manage, 32(10): 1952-1961.
Wiryono, Puteri VNU and Senoaji G. 2016. The diversity of plant species, the types of plant uses and the estimate of carbon stock in agroforestry system in Harapan Makmur Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 17 (1): 249-255.
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