Structural degradation of community-managed mangroves under illegal logging pressure in Lubuk Kertang, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 13
File Views: 3
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Onrizal, Ratua D. 2026. Structural degradation of community-managed mangroves under illegal logging pressure in Lubuk Kertang, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270440. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270440. Illegal logging is a major pressure on mangrove ecosystems, but field-based evidence that links ecological condition with community perception remains limited in Indonesia. This study assessed whether mangrove structure and health differed between two stations with contrasting disturbance levels in Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatra, and how local people perceived current mangrove condition and management priorities. Vegetation was sampled in nested seedling, sapling, and tree plots along two 300-m transects, and community structure, importance value index, and Mangrove Health Index (MHI) were calculated. Perceptions were analyzed from an 11-item Likert questionnaire administered to 52 respondents. Ecological differences between stations were evaluated using independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests, depending on data distribution. Station I contained seven species and showed moderate condition (MHI 56.27%), whereas Station II contained six species and showed poor condition (MHI 32.95%). The disturbed station had significantly lower canopy cover, tree density, seedling abundance, basal area, mean stem diameter, and mean height, while felled stands occurred only at that station. Respondents strongly acknowledged mangrove benefits, recognized ongoing degradation, and supported stricter supervision, sanctions, and rehabilitation. Taken together, the results indicate that illegal logging in Lubuk Kertang is associated more strongly with structural degradation than with immediate local species loss. These findings support two near-term management priorities: stronger protection of remaining higher-integrity stands and hydrology-informed restoration of degraded and abandoned-pond areas.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Alongi DM. 2014. Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forests. Annu Rev Mar Sci 6: 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135020.
Amelia R, Basyuni M, Alfinsyahri A, Sulistiyono N, Slamet B, Bimantara Y, Harahap SSH, Harahap M, Harahap IM, Al Mustaniroh SS, Sasmito SD, Arifanti VB. 2023. Evaluation of plant growth and potential of carbon storage in the restored mangrove of an abandoned pond in Lubuk Kertang, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Forests 14 (1): 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14010158.
Arifanti VB, Kauffman JB, Hadriyanto D, Murdiyarso D, Diana R. 2019. Carbon dynamics and land use carbon footprints in mangrove-converted aquaculture: The case of the Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. For Ecol Manag 432: 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.047.
Arifanti VB, Sidik F, Mulyanto B, Susilowati A, Wahyuni T, Subarno, Yulianti, Yuniarti N, Aminah A, Suita E, Karlina E, Suharti S, Pratiwi, Turjaman M, Hidayat A, Rachmat HH, Imanuddin R, Yeny I, Darwiati W, Sari N, Hakim SS, Slamet WY, Novita N. 2022. Challenges and strategies for sustainable mangrove management in Indonesia: A review. Forests 13: 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050695.
Arumugam M, Niyomugabo R, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Hugé J. 2020. The perceptions of stakeholders on current management of mangroves in the Sine-Saloum Delta, Senegal. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 247: 106751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106751.
Barbier EB, Georgiou IY, Enchelmeyer B, Reed DJ. 2013. The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. PLoS One 8 (3): e58715. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058715.
Bayraktarov E, Saunders MI, Abdullah S, Mills M, Beher J, Possingham HP, Mumby PJ, Lovelock CE. 2016. The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration. Ecol Appl 26 (4): 1055-1074. https://doi.org/10.1890/15-1077.
Budiaji W. 2013. Skala pengukuran dan jumlah respon skala Likert. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian dan Perikanan 2 (2): 127-133. [Indonesian]
Cameron C, Hutley LB, Friess DA, Brown B. 2019. Community structure dynamics and carbon stock change of rehabilitated mangrove forests in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecol Appl 29 (1): e01810. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1810.
Damastuti E, de Groot R, Debrot AO, Silvius M. 2022. Effectiveness of community-based mangrove management for biodiversity conservation: A case study from Central Java, Indonesia. Trees For People 7: 100202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100202.
Dharmawan IWE, Khoir AF. 2020. MonMang untuk Monitoring Mangrove. NAS Media Pustaka, Makassar. [Indonesian]
Donato DC, Kauffman JB, Murdiyarso D, Kurnianto S, Stidham M, Kanninen M. 2011. Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nat Geosci 4: 293-297. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1123.
Hagger V, Worthington TA, Lovelock CE, Adame MF, Amano T, Brown BM, Friess DA, Landis E, Mumby PJ, Morrison TH, O’brien KR, Wilson KA, Zganjar C, Saunders MI. 2022. Drivers of global mangrove loss and gain in social-ecological systems. Nat Commun 13: 6373. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33962-x.
Hamilton SE, Friess DA. 2018. Global carbon stocks and potential emissions due to mangrove deforestation from 2000 to 2012. Nat Clim Change 8: 240-244. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0090-4.
Horstman EM, Dohmen-Janssen CM, Narra PMF, van den Berg NJF, Siemerink M, Hulscher SJMH. 2014. Wave attenuation in mangroves: A quantitative approach to field observations. Coast Eng 94: 47-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.08.005.
Ilman M, Dargusch P, Dart P, Onrizal. 2016. A historical analysis of the drivers of loss and degradation of Indonesia's mangroves. Land Use Policy 54: 448-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.03.010.
Lewis III RR. 2005. Ecological engineering for successful management and restoration of mangrove forests. Ecol Eng 24 (4): 403-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.10.003.
Lovelock CE, Barbier E, Duarte CM. 2022. Tackling the mangrove restoration challenge. PLoS Biol 20 (10): e3001836. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001836.
Malik A, Fensholt R, Mertz O. 2015. Mangrove exploitation effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Biodivers Conserv 24: 3543-3557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-1015-4.
Malik A, Mertz O, Fensholt R. 2017. Mangrove forest decline: Consequences for livelihoods and environment in South Sulawesi. Reg Environ Change 17: 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-0989-0.
Murdiyarso D, Krisnawati H, Adinugroho WC, Sasmito SD. 2023. Deriving emission factors for mangrove blue carbon ecosystem in Indonesia. Carbon Balance Manag 18: 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-023-00233-1.
Murdiyarso D, Purbopuspito J, Kauffman JB, Warren MW, Sasmito SD, Donato DC, Manuri S, Krisnawati H, Taberima S, Kurnianto S. 2015. The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation. Nat Clim Change 5 (12): 1089-1092. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2734.
Murdiyarso D, Sasmito SD, Sillanpaa M, MacKenzie RA, Gaveau D. 2021. Mangrove selective logging sustains biomass carbon recovery, soil carbon, and sediment. Sci Rep 11 (1): 12325. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91502-x.
Nordhaus I, Toben M, Fauziyah A. 2019. Impact of deforestation on mangrove tree diversity, biomass and community dynamics in the Segara Anakan lagoon, Java, Indonesia: A ten-year perspective. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 227: 106300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106300.
Nyangoko BP, Berg H, Mangora MM, Shalli MS, Gullström M. 2022. Local perceptions of changes in mangrove ecosystem services and their implications for livelihoods and management in the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania. Ocean Coast Manag 219: 106065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106065.
Onrizal. 2008. Panduan Pengenalan dan Analisis Vegetasi Hutan Mangrove. Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. [Indonesian]
Pendleton L, Donato DC, Murray BC, Crooks S, Jenkins WA, Sifleet S, Craft C, Fourqurean JW, Kauffman JB, Marbà N, Megonigal P, Pidgeon E, Herr D, Gordon D, Baldera A. 2012. Estimating global “blue carbon” emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PLoS One 7 (9): e43542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043542.