Evaluation of native Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella accessions on river sediment and Alfisol media for turfgrass quality in Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 25
File Views: 17
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Rahayu, Abidin ZI, Herdiansyah G, Supriyadi, Saputri AA. 2026. Evaluation of native Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella accessions on river sediment and Alfisol media for turfgrass quality in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270601. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270601. Native turfgrass species in Indonesia have considerable potential for landscape and sports field applications; however, comparative evaluations of different accessions under contrasting soil media remain limited. This study evaluated the turf quality performance of several native accessions of Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella grown in two soil types, river sediment and Alfisol. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Turf performance was assessed using visual and functional quality parameters based on the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) scoring system. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine significant differences among treatments. The results showed that soil media significantly influenced several turf quality traits. ANOVA revealed significant interactions between accession and growing media (p<0.05), indicating genotype-specific responses to soil conditions. In general, river sediment provided more favorable conditions for turf growth than Alfisol. Among the evaluated accessions, the Kopeng accession of Z. matrella showed the highest visual quality, with scores approximately 1.92% higher than Zeon on sediment and 48.78% higher on Alfisol. Compared with Zmeet, Kopeng also showed higher visual quality, reaching 44.71% on sediment and 46.47% on Alfisol. Overall, Z. matrella accessions showed higher visual quality, whereas Z. japonica tended to exhibit better functional traits under sediment conditions. These findings demonstrate that selected Indonesian Zoysia accessions possess high adaptability and competitive turf quality, supporting their potential as locally adapted alternatives to imported cultivars for sports fields and landscape applications. The study provides important baseline information for turfgrass management and breeding programs aimed at improving turf performance in Indonesian environments. Z. japonica accession in higher elevation showed better quality, while Z. matrella showed better quality in relatively lower elevation.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abuarab ME, El-Mogy MM, Hassan AM, Abdeldaym EA, Abdelkader NH, El-Sawy MBI. 2019. The effects of root aeration and different soil conditioners on the nutritional values, yield, and water productivity of potato in clay loam soil. Agronomy 9 (8): 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080418.
Adekiya AO, Aremu C, Agbede TM, Olayanju A, Ejue WS, Adegbite KA, Olayiwola IE, Ajiboye B, Oni AT. 2021. Soil productivity improvement under different fallow types on Alfisol of a derived savanna ecology of Nigeria. Heliyon 7 (4): e06759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06759.
Agnihotri R, Chawla SL, Patil S. 2017. Evaluation of warm-season turfgrasses for various qualitative and quantitative traits under Gujarat agro-climatic conditions. Indian J Agric Sci 87 (7): 934-942. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v87i7.71878.
Beard JB. 1973. Turfgrass: Science and Culture. Prentice Hall, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Bekele D, Birhan M. 2021. The characteristics, distribution, and management of Alfisols. Intl J Res Stud Agric Sci 7 (6): 1-6. http://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0706001.
Bhatt R, Kunal, Garg AK, et al. 2025. Soil texture: Unlocking fertility and productivity for better crops. Agric Assoc Text Chem Crit Rev J 13 (3): 396-408. https://doi.org/10.21276/aatccreview.2025.13.03.396.
Buol SW, Southard RJ, Graham RC, McDaniel PA. 2011. Alfisols: High base status soils with finer-textured subsoil horizons. In: Soil Genesis and Classification. 6th eds. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470960622.ch8.
Burbrink CM, Straw CM. 2023. Spatiotemporal variability of a stadium football pitch during a professional tournament. Sports Eng 26: 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12283-023-00399-4.
Da Silva SC, Sbrissia AF, Pereira LET. 2015. Ecophysiology of C4 forage grasses: Understanding plant growth for optimizing their use and management. Agriculture 5 (3): 598-625. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture5030598.
De Barreda DG, Lidón A, Alcántara Ó, Pornaro C, Macolino S. 2025. Canopy performance and root system structure of new genotypes of Zoysia spp. during establishment under Mediterranean climate. Agronomy 15 (7): 1617. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15071617.
De LC. 2017. Lawn grasses: A review. Intl J Hortic 7 (11): 82-94. https://doi.org/10.5376/ijh.2017.07.0011.
De Lima RP, Rolim MM, Toledo MPS, Tormena CA, da Silva AR, e Silva IAC, Pedrosa EMR. 2022. Texture and degree of compactness effect on the pore size distribution in weathered soil. Soil Tillage Res 215: 105215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105215.
Fresenburg BS. 2022. Establishment and Care of Zoysiagrass Lawns. MU Extension, Columbia.
Fuentealba MP, Zhang J, Kenworthy KE, Erickson JE, Kruse J, Trenholm LE. 2015. Root development and profile characteristics of Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass. HortScience 50 (10): 1429-1434. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.10.1429.
Gaetani M, Volterrani M, Magni S, Caturegli L, Minelli A, Leto C, La Bella S, Tuttolomondo T, Virga G, Grossi N. 2017. Seashore paspalum in the Mediterranean transition zone: Phenotypic traits of twelve accessions during and after establishment. Ital J Agron 12 (2): 808. https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2017.808.
Głąb T, Szewczyk W, Gondek K, Knaga J, Tomasik M, Kowalik K. 2020. Effect of plant growth regulators on visual quality of turfgrass. Sci Hortic 267: 109314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109314.
Jespersen D, Schwartz B. 2018. Drought avoidance traits in a collection of Zoysiagrasses. HortScience 53 (11): 1579-1585. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13427-18.
Jiang L, Wu L, Liu H, He W, Shi L, Xu C, Xiang C. 2022. Coarsened soil reduces the drought resistance of fibrous-rooted species on degraded steppe. Ecol Indic 145: 109644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109644.
Juliantika WD, Wicaksono KP. 2017. Interval penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas visual pada tiga jenis turfgrass. Plantropica 2 (1): 76-84. [Indonesian]
Kazemi F, Golzarian MR, Khah SMRK. 2024. Quality and establishment of some water-conserving turfgrass species for sustainable development and some ecosystem services in arid urban environments. Land 13 (6): 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13060721.
Kazemi F, Golzarian MR, Nematollahi F. 2020. Quality assessment of turfgrasses using the NTEP method compared to an image-based scoring system. J Ornam Plants 10 (3): 167-178.
Kowalewski AR, Rogers III JN, Crum JR, Dunne JC. 2010. Sand topdressing applications improve shear strength and turfgrass density on trafficked athletic fields. HortTechnology 20 (5): 867-872. https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.5.867.
Kyum M, Laine A, Buhlman J, Dorrian S, Kenworthy K. 2025. Evaluating rooting vigor of two Zoysiagrass cultivars using a simulated sod installation protocol. Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J 15 (1): 945-948. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.70057.
Liu Y, Guo H, Wang Y, Shi J, Li D, Wang Z, Liu J. 2019. Measurement of genetic diversity of Chinese seashore paspalum resources through morphological and sequence-related amplified polymorphism analysis. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 144 (6): 379-386. https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs04700-19.
Loch D, Zhou Y. 2013. Zoysias: The environmental turfgrass. Aust Turfgrass Manag J 15 (1): 46-49.
Long S, Yan F, Yang L, Sun Z, Wei S. 2020. Responses of Manila grass (Zoysia matrella) to chilling stress: From transcriptomics to physiology. PLoS One 15 (7): e0235972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235972.
Meli V, Sagiman S, Gafur S. 2018. Identifikasi sifat fisika tanah ultisols pada dua tipe penggunaan lahan di Desa Betenung Kecamatan Nanga Tayap Kabupaten Ketapang. Perkebunan dan Lahan Tropika 8 (2): 80-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/plt.v8i2.29801. [Indonesian]
Minardi S, Sudadi S, Cahyono O, Cahyani VR, Maro’ah S, Haniati IL, Wijaya LZ. 2023. Soil fertility status, nutrient uptake, and soybean yield following organic plus fertilizer application on Alfisol. Agrosains 25 (2): 64-69. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v25i2.82987.
Ming Q, Wang K, Wang J, Liu J, Li X, Wei P, Guo H, Chen J, Zong J. 2022. The combination of RNA-seq transcriptomics and data-independent acquisition proteomics reveals the mechanisms underlying enhanced salt tolerance by the ZmPDI gene in Zoysia matrella [L.] Merr. Front Plant Sci 13: 970651. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.970651.
Moechtar RAT. 2021. Dinamika proses pengendapan sedimen Holosen di hilir Sungai Bengawan Solo serta wilayah pasang surut di Gresik dan sekitarnya, Jawa Timur. J Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral 22 (1): 9-23. https://doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v22i1.553. [Indonesian]
Morris KN, Shearman RC. 1998. NTEP turfgrass evaluation guidelines. In: NTEP Turfgrass Evaluation Workshop. Beltsville, Maryland.
Muakhor EJ, Nasullah N, Makalew ADN. 2013. Evaluasi kualitas visual dan fungsional rumput pada lapangan sepak bola. J Lanskap Indonesia 5 (2): 29-35. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.2013.5.2.29-35. [Indonesian]
Ndzana GM, Huang L, Wang JB, Zhang ZY. 2018. Characteristics of clay minerals in soil particles from an argillic horizon of Alfisol in central China. Appl Clay Sci 151: 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.10.014.
Patton A. 2010. Selecting zoysiagrass cultivars: Turf quality and stress tolerance. Golf Course Manag 78 (5): 90-95.
Patton AJ, Schwartz BM, Kenworthy KE. 2017. Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) history, utilization, and improvement in the United States: A review. Crop Sci 57 (S1): S37-S72. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.02.0074.
Pirnajmedin F, Majidi MM, Tirgari M, Ehtemam MH. 2025. Salt stress effects on forage production and turf characteristics in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.): Genetic variability and breeding opportunities. Grass Forage Sci 80 (3): e70011. https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.70011.
Qiu T, Jiang L, Li S, Yang Y. 2017. Small-scale habitat-specific variation and adaptive divergence of photosynthetic pigments in different alkali soils in reed identified by common garden and genetic tests. Front Plant Sci 7: 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02016.
Rahayu, Ariyanto DP, Usrotin AH, Hatami FR, Mo YG. 2023. Assessment of turf quality in Paspalum vaginatum Sw. accessions of Sumatra, Java, and Bali (Indonesia) with clay and amended sand growing media. Biodiversitas 24 (3): 1650-1658. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240338.
Rahayu, Dewantoro H, Arianto DP, Bae E-J, Choi S-M, Lee K-S, Yang G-M, Choi J-S. 2018. Growth of two native zoysiagrasses collected from seaside and mountain areas in Indonesia on growing media composed of sand and clay. Weed Turfgrass Sci 7 (1): 54-61. https://doi.org/10.5660/wts.2018.7.1.54.
Rahayu, Herawati A, Herdiansyah G, Putri RAAAK, Sofyan A, Muttaqin Q. 2024. Assessment of morphological characteristics and quality of turfgrass Zoysia matrella accessions from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25 (12): 4950-4960. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d251232.
Rahayu, Mujiyo, Ramadhan R, Yang GM, Choi JS. 2020. Effect of shading and mowing on the growth of Indonesia’s native Zoysia grass in silty clay soil. Caraka Tani: J Sustain Agric 35 (2): 317-325. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.40303.
Rahayu, Mujiyo, Syamsiyah J, Ji BE, Min CS, Mo YG, Soo CJ. 2016. Survey on native Zoysiagrass in Indonesia: Its spread and characteristics. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 11 (21): 12534-12537.
Rahayu, Syamsiyah J, Dewi L. 2021. Soil characteristics and shallot growth with gypsum and zeolite amendments in irrigated saline Alfisol and Inceptisol. J Degrad Min Lands Manag 8 (3): 2801-2808. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.083.2801.
Rahayu, Zuamah H, Yang G-M, Choi J-S. 2014. Growth of Zoysiagrass and seashore paspalum on volcano eruption sand and clayey soil with organic and inorganic fertilizers in Indonesia. Weed Turfgrass Sci 3 (3): 240-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5660/wts.2014.3.3.240.
Rahayu. 2022. Mengenal Rumput Turfgrass Indonesia. CV Indotama Solo, Surakarta. [Indonesian]
Shakywal VK, Sisodia A, Singh AK. 2024. Evaluation of turfgrasses for qualitative and quantitative traits in the Varanasi region of India. Asian J Environ Ecol 23 (8): 151-160. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8591.
Sharma S, Warren J. 2024. Basics of Soil Bulk Density. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
Shi T, Liu W, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li M, Liu T, Wu Z, Wang Q. 2024. Low-permeability layered clay soil hinders organic macromolecular pollutant migration in the transition zone of the Jianghan Plain-Dabie Mountain area. Water 16 (11): 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16111522.
Stewart BR, Vanderford J, Wells DW, Philley HW. 2017. Growing sand-based sod using transported sand over native soil. Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J 13 (1): 383-388. https://doi.org/10.2134/itsrj2016.10.0847.
Straw CM, Samson CO, Henry GM, Brown CN. 2020. A review of turfgrass sports field variability and its implications on athlete-surface interactions. Agron J 112 (4): 2401-2417. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20193.
Taher D, Nofal E, Hegazi M, Abd El-Gaied M, El-Ramady H, Solberg SØ. 2023. Response of warm-season turfgrasses to combined cold and salinity stress under foliar applying organic and inorganic amendments. Horticulturae 9 (1): 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010049.
Takahashi T, Matsumoto M, Matsui K. 2025. Short-height variety of Zoysia matrella effectively increases soil carbon content. Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J 15 (1): 852-856. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.70040.
Vetterlein D, Phalempin M, Lippold E, Schlüter S, Schreiter S, Ahmed MA, Carminati A, Duddek P, Jorda H, Bienert GP, Bienert MD, Tarkka M, Ganther M, Oburger E, Santangeli M, Javaux M, Vanderborght J. 2022. Root hairs matter at field scale for maize shoot growth and nutrient uptake, but root trait plasticity is primarily triggered by texture and drought. Plant Soil 478: 119-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05434-0.
Wang L, Yuan Y, Kim J. 2024. Molecular genetic insights into the stress responses and cultivation management of Zoysiagrass: Illuminating the pathways for turf improvement. Agriculture 14 (10): 1718. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101718.
Wang M, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang X, Li X, Chen J, Feng S. 2025. A comprehensive review: Genetic mapping of genes associated with green leaf color variations in main vegetable crops. Plants 14 (11): 1609. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111609.
Wei H, Yang W, Wang Y, Ding J, Ge L, Richardson M, Liu T, Zhang J. 2022. Correlations among soil, leaf morphology, and physiological factors with wear tolerance of four warm-season turfgrass species. HortScience 57 (4): 571-580. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16453-21.
Xie Y, Farhadloo M, Guo N, Shekhar S, Watkins E, Kne L, Bao H, Patton AJ, Morris K. 2021. NTEP-DB 1.0: A relational database for the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program. Intl Turfgrass Soc Res J 14 (1): 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.76.
Yousfi S, Marín J, Parra L, Lloret J, Mauri PV. 2021. A rhizogenic biostimulant effect on soil fertility and root growth of turfgrass. Agronomy 11 (3): 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030573.