Diversity and biofertilizer potential of root endophytic fungi in Arabica coffee
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Abstract. Sofyan, Rosmana A, Nasaruddin, Bahrun H, Kurniawan, Syakur A, Risal D. 2025. Diversity and biofertilizer potential of root endophytic fungi in Arabica coffee. Biodiversitas 26: 5977-5988. Sustainable Arabica coffee cultivation requires eco-friendly biological inputs to improve plant growth and soil quality. This study explored the diversity and physiological potential of root endophytic fungi isolated from Arabica coffee plants at two age-structured plots within one village in Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and evaluated their capacity to quantify phytohormone-related signals and assess compost enrichment. Endophytic fungi were isolated from coffee roots and characterized morphologically to the putative genus level, while biochemical assays estimated IAA-equivalents and GA-like (GA3) compounds. A randomized block design was used to assess compost decomposition and biofertilizer responses of Arabica seedlings in non-sterile soil. Results showed that a total of fourteen isolates were obtained, with Trichoderma spp. dominating young roots (<3 years) and Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces more common in older roots (>10 years). Isolate 5C10BM produced the highest IAA-equivalent signal (3.02 ppm), while P11 yielded the highest GA-like signal (8.14 ppm) and showed a trend toward higher compost nitrogen content relative to the uninoculated control. Compost analysis showed that isolate 6C10BM increased C-organic (20.07%), isolate 11C3BM showed nitrogen levels of 1.19% and isolate 14C3BM elevated phosphorus (0.63%) and potassium (0.42%). Plant assays revealed that isolate 2C10BM increased seedling height (45.4 cm), whereas 9C10BM enhanced leaf number and area. The study demonstrates functional diversity among endophytic fungi, with strain-specific capabilities, particularly in isolates 5C10BM, 11C3BM, and 14C3BM, which exhibited indicative traits relevant to biofertilizer and compost-activating potential. These findings provide insights into endophyte-associated functional traits; future work will include molecular identification and verification of root colonization.
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