Profile of Multidrug Resistance and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on dairy cows and risk factors from farmer

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

ASWIN RAFIF KHAIRULLAH
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-9342
SRI AGUS SUDJARWO
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7998-7500
MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-411X
SANCAKA CASHYER RAMANDINIANTO
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-4917
MARIA AEGA GELOLODO
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8912-5779
AGUS WIDODO
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-6188
KATTY HENDRIANA PRISCILIA RIWU
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-2296
DYAH AYU KURNIAWATI
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-1468
SAIFUR REHMAN
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-2233

Abstract

Abstract. Khairullah AR, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Ramandininto SC, Gelolodo MA, Widodo A, Riwu KHP, Kurniawati DA, Rehman S. 2022. Profile of Multidrug Resistance and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on dairy cows and risk factors from farmer. Biodiversitas 23: 2853-2858. Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus that causes mastitis and is one of the most widespread pathogenic bacteria in dairy farming. These bacteria can quickly develop into antibiotic-resistant strains due to inappropriate antibiotic administration. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that have Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) properties can be known as Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) if these bacteria are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The high number of MDR and MRSA contamination in dairy farms as a result of excessive administration of antibiotics in the treatment of dairy cows and the spread of these bacteria cannot be separated from the sanitation management at the time of milking, it can be from milk that is milked from the udder and it can also be from the hands of farmers during the milking process. This study tests antibiotic resistance and detects Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains sourced from milk and hand swabs of farmers in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 109 dairy cow’s milk samples and 41 samples of farmers’ hand swabs were taken from each farm. Samples were cultured and purified using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Staphylococcus aureus resistance profile was performed by disk diffusion test using antibiotic disks such as Oxacillin, Cefoxitin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Gentamicin. Staphylococcus aureus isolates that were resistant to Oxacillin and Cefoxitin antibiotics were then tested for Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) as a confirmation test for Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The results of the isolation and identification found 80 (53.33%) S. aureus isolates, then the results of the resistance test found 8 (10%) S. aureus isolates that were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), and in the Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) test there were 3 isolates of S. aureus MDR were ORSAB positive. It can be found that there are several S. aureus isolates that are Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in dairy farms. The S. aureus that is MDR and MRSA can be spread to the community and will endanger public health. Thus, prevention and control measures are needed to suppress the spread of S. aureus infection on a dairy farm in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Bairosi B, Miwada INS, Puger AW. 2019. Marketing strategies analysis of milk cow. J Trop Anim Sci 7 (1): 152-162.
Chambers HF and DeLeo FR. 2009. Waves of Resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the Antibiotic Era. Nat Rev Microbiol 7 (9): 629-641.
Chowdhury S, Ghosh S, Aleem MA, Parveen S, Islam A, Rashid M, Akhtar Z, Chowdhury F. 2021. Antibiotic Usage and Resistance in Food Animal Production: What Have We Learned from Bangladesh? Antibiotics 10 (9): 1032.
Decline V, Effendi MH, Rahmaniar RP, Yanestria SM, Harijani N. 2020. Profile of antibiotic-resistant and presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal swab of dogs from several animal clinics in Surabaya, Indonesia. Int J One Health 6 (1): 90-94.
Dhanashekar R, Akkinepalli S, Nellutla, A. 2012. Milk-borne infections. An analysis of their potential effect on the milk industry. Germs 2 (3): 101-109.
Dufour S, Dohoo IR, Barkema HW, Descôteaux L, Devries TJ, Reyher KK, Roy JP, Scholl DT. 2012. Manageable risk factors associated with the lactational incidence, elimination, and prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 95 (3): 1283-1300.
Effendi MH, Hisyam MAM, Hastutiek P and Tyasningsih W. 2019. Detection of coagulase gene in Staphylococcus aureus from several dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia, by polymerase chain reaction. Vet World 12 (1): 68-71.
Fair RJ, Tor Y. 2014. Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century. Perspect Medicinal Chem 6: 25-64.
Fuda CCS, Fisher JF, Mobashery S. 2005. Beta-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: the adaptive resistance of a plastic genome. Cell Mol Life Sci 62 (22): 2617-2633.
Guo Y, Song G, Sun M, Wang J, Wang Y. 2020. Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10: 107.
Hamilton SM, Alexander JAN, Choo EJ, Basuino L, da Costa TM, Severin A, Chung M, Aedo S, Strynadka NCJ, Tomasz A, Chatterjee SS, Chambers HF. 2017. High-Level Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to ?-Lactam Antibiotics Mediated by Penicillin-Binding Protein 4 (PBP4). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61 (6): e02727-16.
Harijani N, Wandari A, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W. 2020. Molecular Detection of Encoding Enterotoxin C Gene and Profile of Antibiotic Resistant on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Several Dairy Farms in East Java, Indonesia. Biochem Cell Arch 20 (1): 3081-3085.
Hiramatsu K, Katayama Y, Matsuo M, Sasaki T, Morimoto Y, Sekiguchi A, Baba T. 2014. Multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and future chemotherapy. J Infect Chemother 20 (10): 593-601.
Khairullah AR, Raharjo D, Rahmahani J, Suwarno, Tyasningsih W, Harijani N. 2019. Antibiotics Resistant At Staphylococcus aureus And Streptococcus sp Isolated From Bovine Mastitis In Karangploso, East Java, Indonesia. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 13 (4): 439-444.
Khairullah AR, Ramandinianto SC, Effendi MH. 2020. A Review of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) on Bovine Mastitis. Syst Rev Pharm 11 (7): 172-183.
Lee AS, de Lencastre H, Garau J, Kluytmans J, Malhotra-Kumar S, Peschel A, Harbarth S. 2018. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4: 18033.
Manyi-Loh C, Mamphweli S, Meyer E, Okoh A. 2018. Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications. Molecules 23 (4): 795.
Mustafa HIS. 2014. Staphylococcus aureus Can Produce Catalase Enzyme When Adding to Human WBCs as a Source of H2O2 Productions in Human Plasma or Serum in the Laboratory. Open J Med Microbiol 4: 249-251.
Mustikawati HT, Wahyutomo R, Djam’an Q. 2015. Difference on Cefoxitin and Oxacillin Disk Test on In Vitro MRSA Detection (Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). J Med Health 6 (1): 3-7.
Pu WX, Su Y, Li JX, Li CH, Yang ZQ, Deng HP, Ni CX. 2014. High Incidence of Oxacillin-Susceptible mecA-Positive Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) Associated with Bovine Mastitis in China. PLoS ONE 9 (2): e88134.
Rahmaniar RP, Yunita MN, Effendi MH, Yanestria SM. 2020. Encoding Gene for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Nasal Swab of Dogs. Indian Vet J 97 (2): 37-40.
Ramandinianto SC, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Hestiana EP. 2020a. Profile of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Dairy Farms in East Java Province, Indonesia. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 14 (4): 3439-3445.
Ramandinianto SC, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH. 2020b. MecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21 (8): 3562-3568.
Reta MA, Bereda TW, Alemu AN. 2016. Bacterial contaminations of raw cow’s milk consumed at Jigjiga City of Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. Int J Food Contam 3 (1) 1-9.
Schnitt A, Tenhagen BA. 2020. Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Herds: An Update. Foodborne Pathog Dis 17 (10): 585-596.
Soetji P, Adwin F, Koesnoto S. 2012. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis in dairy cattle at Argopuro dairy cooperative in Krucil Probolinggo district. Vet Med 5 (3): 181-186.
Tong SYC, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL, Fowler VG. 2015. Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management. Clin Microbiol Rev 28 (3): 603-661.
Tyasningsih W, Effendi MH, Budiarto B, Syahputra IR. 2019. Antibiotic Resistance to Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Dairy Farms in Surabaya, Indonesia. Indian Vet J 96 (11): 27-31.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 > >>