Soil properties of natural stands of Diospyros celebica in South Sulawesi, Indonesia and their management implications
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 198
File Views: 140
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Paembonan SA, Millang S, Allo MK, Suhartati S, Najib NN, Ura’ R, Arty B, Makkasau AR. 2026. Soil properties of natural stands of Diospyros celebica in South Sulawesi, Indonesia and their management implications. Asian J For 10 (1): r100112. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100112. This study aimed to characterize the variability of soil physical and chemical properties supporting Diospyros celebica (ebony) in three natural habitats across South Sulawesi (Maros, Barru, and Sidrap) and to interpret their implications for habitat management and species regeneration. Sampling points were determined at three representative positions within each 1×1 m observation plot. Soil samples were collected from three depth intervals: 0-30 cm (Layer I), 31-60 cm (Layer II), and 61-90 cm (Layer III). Field soil samples were collected from natural stands in each district and analyzed for texture, bulk density, porosity, permeability, pH, organic carbon, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) following standard procedures. The results revealed distinct spatial variation among districts. Soils in Maros were coarse-textured (sandy clay to sandy loam) with very rapid permeability (51.25±3.17 cm hour-¹), reflecting high macroporosity and low water-holding capacity. In contrast, Barru soils were fine-textured (clay and silty clay) with slow permeability (1.80±0.42 cm hour-¹), strongly acidic pH (4.84), and low organic matter content (2.03%). Sidrap soils had intermediate textures and moderate permeability (2.30±0.38 cm hour-¹), a moderately acidic pH (5.89), and the highest CEC (18.44 cmol(+)/kg), indicating better nutrient retention. These findings demonstrate that soil texture, organic matter, and pH collectively regulate water balance and nutrient availability, key factors influencing the growth and distribution of D. celebica. These findings emphasize that soil texture, organic matter, and pH collectively regulate water balance and nutrient availability, key factors for the growth and establishment of D. celebica.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Ahmad A, Lopulisa C, Imran AM, Baja S. 2018. Soil physicochemical properties to evaluate soil degradation under different land use types in a high rainfall tropical region: A case study from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 157 (1): 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012005.
Aldiansyah S, Risna R. 2023. Assessing potential habitat suitability of vulnerable endemic species: A case study of Diospyros celebica Bakh and Rhyticeros cassidix. Forum Geogr 22 (2): 159-169. https://doi.org/10.5775/fg.2023.2.35.
Asdak C. 2018. Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Bañares-de-Dios G, Macía MJ, de Carvalho GM, Arellano G, Cayuela L. 2022. Soil and climate drive floristic composition in tropical forests: A review. Front Ecol Evol 10: 866905. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.866905.
Bin R, Yang X, Wang Q, Yang W, Yang Y, Li J, Xu C, Hu F, Lv J, Du W. 2025. Assessing the stability of size-dependent aggregates: The critical role of electrostatic repulsion in interparticle force distribution. Soil Sci Soc Am J 89 (4): e70113. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.70113.
Brady N, Weil R. 2017. Nature and Properties of Soils. 15th Edition. Pearson Education, USA.
Dor M, Assa I, Mishael YG. 2023. The dynamic effect of root exudates on soil structure: Aggregate stability and packing. Prepint 2023: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2501.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2006. Guidelines for Soil Description. 4thEdition. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. https://www.fao.org.
Franzluebbers AJ. 2024. Texture and organic matter associations with soil functional properties in crop and conservation land uses in North Carolina. Soil Sci Soc Am J 88 (2): 449-464. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20620.
Giuliani LM, Hallett PD, Loades KW. 2024. Effects of soil structure complexity to root growth of plants with contrasting root architecture. Soil Till Res 238: 106023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106023.
Havlin JL, Beaton JD, Tisdale SL, Nelson WL. 2014. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers: An Introduction to Nutrient Management. 8th Edition. Pearson Education, USA.
Hicks Pries CE. 2023. The deep soil organic carbon response to global change. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 54: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102320-085332.
Indrajaya Y, Yuwati TW, Lestari S et al. 2022. Tropical forest landscape restoration in Indonesia: A review. Land 11 (3): 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11030328.
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 2023. Species Changing IUCN Red List status (2022-2023). IUCN Red List. https://nc.iucnredlist.org.
Keller T, Colombi T, Ruiz S, Schymanski SJ, Weisskopf P, Koestel J, Sommer M, Stadelmann V, Breitenstein D, Kirchgessner N, Walter A, Or D. 2021. Soil structure recovery following compaction: Short-term mechanisms and implications for management. Soil Sci Soc Am J 85 (4): 1002-1020. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20240.
Łachacz A, Załuski D. 2023. The usefulness of the Munsell colour indices for identification of drained soils with various content of organic matter. J Soils Sediments 23: 4017-4031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03604-w.
Leonika A, Nugroho Y, Rudy GS. 2021. Pengaruh kerapatan tegakan terhadap sifat fisik tanah pada berbagai tutupan lahan di KHDTK Mandiangin ULM. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 4 (4): 608. https://doi.org/10.20527/jss.v4i4.3935. [Indonesian]
Luo L, Lin K, Tao L, Luo C, Wang J, Duan T, Liu Y, Fu X, Guo S, Liu Y. 2025. Effects of stand structure and soil depth on soil properties in Cryptomeria japonica plantations. Front For Glob Chang 8: 1548485. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1548485.
Mattila TJ, Rajala J. 2022. Estimating cation exchange capacity from agronomic soil tests: Comparing Mehlich-3 and ammonium acetate sum of cations. Soil Sci Soc Am J 86 (1): 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20340.
Meurer K, Barron J, Chenu C, Coucheney E, Fielding M, Hallett P, Herrmann A, Keller T, Koestel J, Larsbo M, Lewan E Or D, Parsons D, Parvin N, Taylor A, Vereecken H, Jarvis N. 2020. A framework for modelling soil structure dynamics induced by biological activity. Glob Chang Biol 26 (10): 5382-5403. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15289.
Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 2018. The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018. Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Mukhlis. 2007. Analisis Tanah dan Tanaman. USU Press, Medan. [Indonesian]
Mukrimin M. 2023. Study of soil physical and chemical properties under ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) stands in provenance of the Amaro Protected Forest, South Sulawesi. AIP Conf Proc 2596: 060011. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0118848.
Palupi NP. 2015. Analisis kemasaman tanah dan C-organik tanah bervegetasi alang-alang akibat pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk kandang kambing. Media Sains 8 (2): 182-188. [Indonesian]
Putri OH, Utami SR, Kurniawan S. 2019. Sifat kimia tanah pada berbagai penggunaan lahan di UB Forest. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 6 (1): 1075-1081. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2019.006.1.6. [Indonesian]
Roy MÈ, Surget-Groba Y, Delagrange S, Rivest D. 2021. Legacies of forest harvesting on soil properties along a chronosequence in a hardwood temperate forest. For Ecol Manag 496: 119437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119437.
Rukmi R, Bratawinata AA, Pitopang R, Matius P. 2017. Sifat fisik dan kimia tanah pada berbagai ketinggian tempat di habitat eboni (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) DAS Sausu Sulawesi Tengah. Warta Rimba 5 (1): 28-36. [Indonesian]
Rukmi R, Labiro E, Rosyid A, Yusran Y, Mowidu I. 2023. Potential, distribution pattern and autecology of Diospyros celebica Bakh. in the Maleali seed stand area, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Intl J Des Nat Ecodyn 18 (2): 421-428. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.180220.
Salawangi AC, Lengkong J, Kaunang D. 2020. Kajian porositas tanah lempung berpasir dan lempung berliat yang ditanami jagung dengan pemberian kompos. Cocos 5 (5): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.35791/cocos.v5i5.30588. [Indonesian]
Sari R, Maryam, Yusmah RA. 2023. Penentuan C-organik pada tanah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman dan keberlanjutan umur tanaman dengan metoda spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian 12 (1): 11-19. https://doi.org/10.32520/jtp.v12i1.2598. [Indonesian]
Sharma SB. 2022. Trend setting impacts of organic matter on soil physico-chemical properties in traditional vis -a- vis chemical-based amendment practices. PLOS Sustain Transform 1 (3): e0000007. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000007.
Sihombing FHM, Lubis KS, Marbun P. 2018. Kajian beberapa sifat kimia dan fisika tanah ultisol pada beberapa vegetasi di Desa Amborokan Pane Raya, Kecamatan Raya Kahean (Studi kasus: Lahan semi kritis di wilayah Sub DAS Sibarau). Jurnal Online Pertanian Tropik 5 (3): 318-327. https://doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v5i3.3057. [Indonesian]
Surya JA, Nuraini Y, Widianto. 2017. Kajian porositas tanah pada pemberian beberapa jenis bahan organik di perkebunan kopi robusta. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 4 (1): 463-471. [Indonesian]
Syachroni SH. 2020. Kajian beberapa sifat kimia tanah pada tanah sawah di berbagai lokasi di Kota Palembang. Sylva Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Kehutanan 8 (2): 60-65. https://doi.org/10.32502/sylva.v8i2.2697. [Indonesian]
Taiyeb A, Malik A, Rachman I, Muhardi M. 2025. Physical properties, chemical properties, and fertility of soil under the natural stands of ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 11 (12): 743-755. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i12.13524.
Trigunasih NM, Narka IW, Saifulloh M. 2023. Measurement of soil chemical properties for mapping soil fertility status. Intl J Des Nat Ecodyn 18 (6): 1381-1390. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.180611.
USDA. 2003. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 9th Edition. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington DC.
Vikraman SU, Sheeba S, Pandian PS, Amutha R, Rahale CS. 2025. Integrating soil physical property management to foster chemical and biological resilience in sustainable crop systems. Plant Sci Today 12 (sp3): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.10243.
Warren CJ, Saurette DD, Gillespie AW. 2021. Soil organic carbon content: Decreases partly attributed to dilution by increased depth of cultivation in southern Ontario. Can J Soil Sci 101 (2): 335-338. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2020-0092.
Widyantari DAG, Susila KD, Kusmawati T. 2015. Evaluasi status kesuburan tanah untuk lahan pertanian di Kecamatan Denpasar Timur. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika 4 (4): 293-303. [Indonesian]
Wulandari R, Kustiawan W, Sukartiningsih, Simarangkair B. 2016. Asosiasi eboni (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) dengan jenis pohon lain pada sebaran alamnya di Sulawesi Tengah. Warta Rimba 4 (1): 139-145. [Indonesian]
Zhao T, Kubota H, Hernandez-Ramirez G. 2024. Contrasting soil organic carbon concentrations and mass storage between conventional farming and organic farming: A meta-analysis. Sustainability 16 (24): 11260. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411260.