Growth and wood physical properties of Neolamarckia cadamba under agroforestry system in a community forest in North Sumatra, Indonesia
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Abstract. Anna N, Herawati E, Anggraini N, Sutiawan J, Bangun BON, Banjarnahor LD. 2025. Growth and wood physical properties of Neolamarckia cadamba under agroforestry system in a community forest in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J For 9: 251-263. Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) is among primary alternative fast-growing tree species to produce wood products. This tree can be planted under various monoculture and agroforestry sytems, which might result in the growth and quality of wood across plant parts such as base, middle, and top. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the growth performance and physical properties of 13 years old jabon wood planted under agroforestry system in a community forest in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Measurement of growth characteristics and estimation of wood quality in stands were carried out using the census method to 161 trees. Physical properties were also assessed using destructive methods by felling three jabon trees to evaluate moisture content, density, specific gravity, and shrinkage. Testing was carried out per segment (from pith to outer bark) in each part of the base (B), middle (M), and top (T). The results showed that growth and physical properties of varied significantly. Growth characteristics for height ranged from 10.36-29.25 m with an average of 18 m and diameter ranged 0.19-0.81 m with an average of 0.36 m. The specific gravity was 0.23-0.94 with an average of 0.43. The density of wood was 0.43-1.50 g/cm3 with an average of 0.80 g/cm3. Analysis of variance showed that tree section had a significant effect on green moisture content (gMC), air dried moisture content (adMC), air dried density (ad?), oven dried density (od?), green specific gravity (gG), air dried specific gravity (adG), oven dried specific gravity (odG) produced at 95% confidence level. However, the effect was not significant on green density (g?) and wood shrinkage. In line with the results, the highest gG of 0.44 was obtained at the top, while the lowest of 0.36 was at the base. Regarding air adG, the highest value of 0.46 was found at the top while the lowest was at the base with 0.37. The highest odG was found at the top with 0.47, while the lowest was found at the base with 0.38. By comparing the tangential and radial (T/R) ratios, the dimensional stability of wood was determined, achieving the highest value was found at the base, and the lowest at the top. The results of this study suggest that agroforestry system do not inhibit the growth of jabon. Therefore, this system can be applied to produce wood-based products while optimizing land use, enhancing biodiversity and maintaining the microclimate.
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