Assessing collaborative governance and socio-economic outcomes of Forest Program III in Lore Lindu Landscape, Indonesia
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Abstract. Massiri SD, Golar, Muis H, Naharuddin, Malik A, Pribadi H, Hamzari, Misrah. 2026. Assessing collaborative governance and socio-economic outcomes of Forest Program III in Lore Lindu Landscape, Indonesia. Asian J For 10 (1): r100107. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r100107. Addressing tropical deforestation in high biodiversity regions such as Indonesia requires governance approaches that balance conservation goals with livelihood needs. This study examines the outcomes of the Forest Program III (FP III), a German-Indonesian initiative (2017-2024), in implementing collaborative forest governance in the Lore Lindu landscape of Central Sulawesi. The research aimed to assess governance effectiveness, socio-economic impacts, and institutional dynamics under the FP III. A mixed-methods research design was applied, combining structured surveys with 940 respondents from 48 villages, in-depth stakeholder interviews, and focus group discussions. The results indicate that the FP III improved multi-stakeholder participation, promoted sustainable land-use practices, and strengthened conservation outcomes. However, the contribution of forest-based activities to household income averaged only 28.23%, demonstrating that ecological gains were not matched by significant livelihood benefits. Elite capture further constrained equitable participation, while central agencies retained dominant facilitation roles that limited the capacity of local Forest Management Units (FMUs) to act as bridging institutions. The findings suggest that collaborative governance can deliver ecological benefits, but integrated livelihood interventions and stronger polycentric governance are essential to sustain outcomes. Clearer institutional arrangements between central and regional agencies, empowerment of FMUs, and market facilitation for community enterprises are critical to scaling collaborative forest governance in Indonesia’s biodiverse landscapes.
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