Species diversity and quality of planting stocks in selected tree seedling nurseries in Leyte, Philippines

Abstract

Abstract. Magno R_, Peque DP, Oclarit JB. 2025. Species diversity and quality of planting stocks in selected tree seedling nurseries in Leyte, Philippines. Asian J For 9: 221-231. Smallholder nurseries are essential in supporting reforestation programs in the Philippines, especially under the National Greening Program (NGP). However, stock diversity and quality are overlooked when planting, and long-term restoration efforts can be put at risk. This study examined ten community-based nurseries across Leyte, Philippines, focusing on the range of species they grow, the physical quality of their seedlings, and how they operate. Species were inventoried and assessed using diversity indices (Shannon, Evenness, Similarity), while destructive sampling of 111 seedlings helped evaluate root-shoot balance, sturdiness, and root formation. Across all nurseries, 26 tree species were recorded, with a strong preference for native species such as Pterocarpus indicus (narra) and Shorea contorta (white lauan). The SUFA nursery showed the highest species diversity (H? = 1.90), and UFAB had the most balanced species distribution (E = 0.95). However, 8 out of 10 nurseries (80%) produced seedlings with physical defects like J-rooting, overgrowth, and poor root-shoot ratios—factors that can reduce survival and growth once planted in the field. These findings emphasize the real-world risk of using low-quality planting stocks in reforestation projects. To improve outcomes, we recommend stronger nursery accreditation systems, better access to native seeds, and capacity-building efforts to help nursery operators produce high-quality, ecologically resilient planting materials.