Structure and composition of mollusks (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) in the coastal karstic ecosystems of Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract. Alghifari ZA, Nur FA, Sari YD, Anam ZK, Chairunisa S, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2025. Structure and composition of mollusks (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) in the coastal karstic ecosystems of Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 9: 64-78. Karstic coastal ecosystems in southern Java remain underexplored in terms of intertidal biodiversity, particularly mollusks. This study examines the structure, composition, and ecological traits of mollusk assemblages across five karst beach sites in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Pringjono, Torohudan, Ngrawah, Dadap Ayam, and Ngrenehan. A total of 28 valid mollusks species were identified from two classes—Gastropoda (23 species) and Bivalvia (5 species)—representing 17 families. Species richness and density varied across sites, shaped by substrate heterogeneity, tidal exposure, and anthropogenic influence. Gastropods dominated rocky and tide pool microhabitats, while bivalves were more abundant in sediment-rich, sheltered areas. Functional guilds included grazers, filter feeders, and predators, indicating a complex trophic structure. Microhabitat specificity and patchy distribution suggest that environmental filtering and habitat fragmentation play major roles in community assembly. Taxonomic verification was essential, leading to the exclusion of 17 misidentified taxa initially reported. This study highlights the ecological importance and vulnerability of molluscan communities in tropical karst ecosystems. It underscores the need for site-specific conservation strategies, such as protecting rocky and tide pool microhabitats for gastropods and sediment-rich, sheltered areas for bivalves, and improved taxonomic rigor in coastal biodiversity assessments.
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