Encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of the cells biology, plant molecular biology and biotechnology including organelles and cellular compartments, trafficking and turnover, signaling, motility, adhesion, cell division, differentiation and programmed cell death, regeneration, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, gene transfer, gene flow, secondary metabolites, metabolic engineering, impact of transgene(s), physiological, pharmacological, and toxic response of cellular systems; genomics and genetics, metabolism, abiotic and biotic stress, phytopathology, gene transfer and expression, molecular pharming, systems biology, nanobiotechnology, genome editing, phenomics and synthetic biology. This title has been accepted for inclusion in Scopus.
Stomatal size and density variation in riparian Araceae along gradient of the Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Wulandari AA, Revalitha AA, Azzam AK, Allobua BSN, Rifki AN, Setyawan AD. 2025. Stomatal size and density variation in riparian Araceae along gradient of the Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia. Cell Biol Dev 9: 78-90. The riparian zone is a transitional area between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, playing a crucial ecological role as a buffer for water quality and as a habitat for biodiversity. The Samin River, located in Central Java, Indonesia, experiences varying abiotic conditions from its upstream to downstream regions, which can influence the biodiversity along its flow. This study aims to assess the diversity of species and the morpho-anatomical characteristics of stomata in plants belonging to the Araceae family across different sections of the Samin River, including the upstream, middle, and downstream areas. Leaf samples were collected through purposive sampling and were analyzed using the replica method to examine stomatal characteristics, such as location, type, shape of guard cells, number of adjacent cells, and stomatal index. A total of 6 species of Araceae were recorded, with species composition changing along the river continuum; only Xanthosoma sagittifolium occurred across all reaches and thus enabled within-species comparisons. Stomatal traits in X. sagittifolium showed a coordinated shift along the gradient, characterized by smaller stomata accompanied by higher stomatal number and density toward downstream sites. These patterns are consistent with epidermal plasticity and a stomatal size-density trade-off under contrasting environmental conditions across riparian reaches. Overall, the results highlight stomatal traits as sensitive cellular indicators for detecting environmental variation in riparian systems.
Adaptation, Araceae, riparian ecosystem, stomata anatomy
Copyright (c) 2025 ARDITA AYU WULANDARI, ALYA ADYSTI REVALITHA, ATIKAH KHOIRIYAH AZZAM, BRIGHIA SASTRANI NALURI ALLOBUA, ARIF NUR RIFKI, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Review: Regulated polyhydroxyalkanoate granule biology and polymer phenotype in mangrove-associated bacteria
Abstract. Darmawan MT, ⁠Alviansyah MH, Aditya RD, Fadhila NH, Safika NJ, Salma O, Nugraheni R, Hidayati RK, Nadhira S, Setyawan AD. 2025. Review: Regulated polyhydroxyalkanoate granule biology and polymer phenotype in mangrove-associated bacteria. Cell Biol Dev 9: 129-157. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable biopolymers whose molecular weight, composition, and dispersity strongly determine material performance and industrial applicability. Despite extensive efforts to optimize culture conditions and genetic constructs, reproducible control of PHA polymer phenotype remains challenging. This review reinterprets PHA accumulation from a cell-biological perspective by positioning PHA granules as regulated intracellular organelles rather than passive repositories of excess carbon. Synthesizing evidence from mechanistic studies, culture-based experiments, and gene-centric analyses, the review demonstrates that polymer phenotype-including molecular-weight distribution, structural heterogeneity, and batch-to-batch reproducibility-emerges as a physiological output shaped by regulatory gating and granule state. PHA accumulation is shown to be an active and reversible storage strategy embedded within global stress-response networks, rather than a simple consequence of metabolic overflow. Granule-associated proteins, spatial organization, and turnover dynamics act as critical intermediaries translating regulatory state into material properties. The review further highlights that widespread reliance on production-oriented metrics, such as polymer yield or percentage of cell dry weight, obscures intracellular processes that govern polymer history and quality, contributing to inconsistencies across studies. Mangrove-associated bacteria are used as a biologically informative stress-context model to illustrate how conserved intracellular storage mechanisms operate under recurring physiological constraints, without invoking environmental determinism. Building on these insights, a regulatory-granule-phenotype framework is proposed that reframes reproducibility as a biological property dependent on granule-state stability rather than a purely technical issue. By foregrounding granule-level control, this synthesis provides a coherent foundation for integrating cellular regulation with polymer phenotype and outlines experimental directions for achieving more predictable and interpretable PHA production.
Carbonosome, granule-associated proteins, intracellular regulation, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polymer phenotype
Copyright (c) 2025 MOHAMMAD TITAN DARMAWAN, MUHAMAD HAFIZ ALVIANSYAH, ROZAQ DWI ADITYA, NISRINA HASNA FADHILA, NURSILA JULIHAYAT SAFIKA, ORICYA SALMA, RACHMANNIA NUGRAHENI, RAFIKA KUSUMA HIDAYATI, SUNNIA NADHIRA, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Stomatal anatomical variation of water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) across Bengawan Solo Oxbow Environments, Indonesia
Abstract. Zagoto JR, Febrisa KN, Mahmudah IR, Qanita IM, Rifki AN, Setyawan AD. 2025. Stomatal anatomical variation of water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) across Bengawan Solo Oxbow Environments, Indonesia. Cell Biol Dev 9: 99-112. Oxbow lakes formed along large tropical rivers represent heterogeneous lentic habitats that can impose contrasting environmental conditions on aquatic macrophytes. This study examined stomatal anatomical variation of water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) across three Bengawan Solo Oxbow Environments in Central Java, Indonesia, and evaluated how these anatomical traits relate to supporting physiological and growth indicators. Stomatal characteristics were quantified using a leaf-impression method on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, while environmental parameters were measured in situ. Chlorophyll status was assessed using a Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) Index, and plant performance was evaluated through dry biomass measurement. Across all oxbows, P. crassipes exhibited an amphistomatous leaf condition with anomocytic stomatal complexes, indicating a conserved stomatal structural pattern consistent with its free-floating growth form. Within this shared framework, quantitative variation in stomatal size and density distinguished oxbow environments. Tangkisan showed the highest stomatal densities on both leaf surfaces, whereas Kadokan exhibited the lowest values, with Sidowarno occupying an intermediate position. SPAD chlorophyll index and dry weight also differed among oxbows but did not correspond directly with stomatal traits, demonstrating that physiological status and biomass accumulation are influenced by multiple interacting environmental factors rather than stomatal anatomy alone. By integrating stomatal anatomy with SPAD and biomass measurements, this study highlights stomatal traits as robust anatomical indicators of environmental context in oxbow habitats, while emphasizing the role of physiological and growth metrics as supporting, not primary, indicators. The findings provide an anatomically grounded framework for comparative assessment of plant-habitat interactions in heterogeneous oxbow environments and underscore the potential of stomatal anatomy as a practical, field-relevant tool for evaluating habitat assessment in tropical river systems.
Aquatic macrophytes, oxbow lakes, Pontederia crassipes, stomatal anatomy, tropical rivers
Copyright (c) 2025 JHONAS RAHAN ZAGOTO, KAILA NUR FEBRISA, ISMA RINA MAHMUDAH, ISNA MAHYA QANITA, ARIF NUR RIFKI, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Review: Indigenous peatland bacteria and their role in heavy metal detoxification under extreme biogeochemical constraints
Abstract. Wibowo CNP, Azizah CKG, Risdian DA, Fathurrohman DTA, Tsurayya DA, Rizka DR, Renaldi DR, Saleh DA, Ridwan M, Setyawan AD. 2025. Review: Indigenous peatland bacteria and their role in heavy metal detoxification under extreme biogeochemical constraints. Cell Biol Dev 9: 113-128. Peatlands are among the most efficient natural carbon sinks on Earth, yet their unique physicochemical properties also render them vulnerable to heavy metal accumulation from mining, agriculture, and atmospheric deposition. High organic matter content, persistent acidity, and dynamic redox conditions position peatlands as extreme biogeochemical filters that both immobilize and intermittently remobilize metals, posing complex ecological and restoration challenges. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the role of indigenous peatland bacteria in heavy metal detoxification, emphasizing mechanistic pathways, ecological constraints, and implications for peatland management. We examine how peatland-specific conditions regulate microbial processes such as biosorption, redox transformation, intracellular sequestration, and extracellular polymeric substance production, emphasizing differences between boreal, temperate, and tropical peatlands. Heavy metal detoxification emerges from the integration of multiple mechanisms, such as biosorption, EPS-mediated binding, intracellular sequestration, bioprecipitation, redox transformation, and genetically regulated adaptive networks. The effectiveness of these mechanisms is highly context-dependent and tightly coupled to peatland carbon dynamics, influencing organic matter decomposition and methane fluxes. This review further examines why laboratory-validated microbial processes often fail under field conditions, highlighting the roles of environmental heterogeneity, hydrological fluctuation, scale effects, and ecological mismatch in limiting remediation success. Rather than technology- or strain-centric solutions, evidence supports remediation frameworks that prioritize indigenous microbial consortia, biostimulation, and hydrologically aligned in situ and ex situ pathways. Emerging technologies, including molecular tools, bioelectrochemical systems, and biosensors, are evaluated as enablers that support, but do not replace, ecological processes. By integrating microbial mechanisms with peatland biogeochemistry and restoration science, this review provides a conceptual framework for developing sustainable heavy metal remediation strategies that stabilize contaminants while preserving peatland carbon storage and ecosystem resilience.
Bioremediation, heavy metals, indigenous bacteria, microbial detoxification, peatlands
Copyright (c) 2025 CHRISTIN NOVITA PUTRI WIBOWO, CINTA KAMILA GAMA AZIZAH, DAFFA ANANDA RISDIAN, DANAR THOORIQ AZIZ FATHURROHMAN, DAVINA ALIFIA TSURAYYA, DEVIA RAHMA RIZKA, DIAN RAHMAD RENALDI, DINARA AFRIDA SALEH, MUHAMMAD RIDWAN, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Fungal assemblages associated with gall formation by Phytolyma fusca on Milicia excelsa in Nigeria
Abstract. Olorunnibe VN, Omoloye AA, Alabi OY. 2025. Fungal assemblages associated with gall formation by Phytolyma fusca on Milicia excelsa in Nigeria. Cell Biol Dev 9: 91-98. Milicia excelsa is an economically important tropical timber species whose cultivation is frequently constrained by gall formation induced by the iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca. Gall development modifies leaf tissues and may create microhabitats that facilitate fungal establishment, yet information on fungi associated with gall systems in M. excelsa under Nigerian nursery conditions remains limited. This study investigated fungal assemblages associated with gall formation by P. fusca on M. excelsa using conventional isolation and morphology-based identification techniques. Samples were collected from healthy leaves, ruptured and unruptured galled leaves, and from nymph and adult stages of P. fusca. Fungal isolation was conducted on potato dextrose agar, followed by purification and identification based on cultural and microscopic characteristics, and fungal occurrence was analyzed descriptively. Four fungal taxa were recovered exclusively from gall-associated tissues and insect stages: Fusarium solani (30%), Fusarium oxysporum (30%), Aspergillus niger (20%), and Colletotrichum coccodes (20%). No fungi were isolated from healthy leaves maintained under protected conditions, and fungal occurrence was restricted to gall-affected tissues and insect stages, with some taxa preferentially associated with ruptured galls. These findings demonstrate that insect-induced gall tissues function as localized microhabitats supporting distinct fungal assemblages, reflecting opportunistic rather than pathogenic colonization of modified plant tissues. This study provides baseline, non-pathogenic evidence of fungal assemblages restricted to P. fusca-induced gall microhabitats in M. excelsa. Further studies incorporating molecular identification and pathogenicity assays are required to clarify the ecological roles of the associated fungi.
Fungal assemblages, gall formation, Milicia excelsa, nursery ecology, Phytolyma fusca
Copyright (c) 2025 VICTOR N. OLORUNNIBE, ADEBAYO A. OMOLOYE, OLAJUMOKE Y. ALABI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cytogenotoxic effects of alphamethrin and carbofuran based on mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa root tip cells
Abstract. Mili C, Kalita CK, Deka MJ, Das P, Tayung K. 2025. Cytogenotoxic effects of alphamethrin and carbofuran based on mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa root tip cells. Cell Biol Dev 9: 71-77. Synthetic pesticides are widely used by farmers to protect crops from insect damage, which results in adverse effects on the environment. This study aimed to examine the cytogenotoxic potential of two pesticides, alphamethrin and carbofuran, using Allium cepa assay. The half maximum effective concentration (EC50) was found to be 10 µg/mL for alphamethrin and 5 µg/mL for carbofuran. The toxicity was assessed with different concentrations of 1/10?×?EC50; 1/5?×?EC50; EC50; 2?×?EC50; and 3?×?EC50 for both pesticides. Both pesticides demonstrated significant cytogenotoxic effects, evident from inhibited root growth, reduced mitotic index (MI), and increased chromosomal aberrations in onion (Allium cepa L.) root meristem cells. For alphamethrin, the lowest MI (12.24%) was observed at 20 µg/mL, while the highest chromosomal aberration frequency (CAF = 0.34) occurred at 30 µg/mL. Carbofuran exhibited a minimum MI of 14.90% at 10 µg/mL and the highest CAF (0.44) at 15 µg/mL. Moreover, the root growth inhibition demonstrated a dose-dependent pattern, while the MI showed neither a dose- nor a time-dependent pattern. The chromosomal aberrations observed were stickiness, vagrant, laggard chromosomes, C-metaphase, nuclear lesions, and spindle disturbance. These results underscore the urgent need for strong regulation and safer substitutes to minimize the ecological and health risks associated with widespread synthetic pesticide usage.
Allium cepa assay, chromosomal aberration, EC50, mitotic index, pesticides
Copyright (c) 2025 Cell Biology and Development
Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) oil in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic male rats: Biochemical and histopathological evaluation
Abstract. Nurudeen QO, Abdulkadir S, Jamiu SM, Abah MA, Ugwah EJ. 2025. Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) oil in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic male rats: Biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Cell Biol Dev 9: 64-70. This study investigated the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) essential oil in male rats with streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Forty-two rats were randomly assigned to seven groups (n=6): non-diabetic control, diabetic control, diabetic + metformin (150 mg/kg), and diabetic + lemongrass oil at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) 15 minutes after nicotinamide (120 mg/kg), followed by 28 days of oral treatment. Parameters assessed included fasting blood glucose, body weight, and key biochemical markers—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)—along with histological evaluation of liver tissue. Treatment with lemongrass oil significantly lowered fasting blood glucose and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity in diabetic rats, with the 100 mg/kg dose showing effects comparable to metformin. Histopathological analysis confirmed improvements in hepatic structure and reduced degenerative changes. These findings indicate that C. citratus essential oil exhibits notable antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects, likely mediated through its antioxidant properties, and may serve as a promising adjunct in diabetes therapy.
Antioxidant enzymes, Cymbopogon citratus, diabetes mellitus, liver histology, streptozotocin-nicotinamide
Review: Bioactive compounds and health applications of Digenea simplex (Rhodophyta)
Abstract. Saputra AF, Utomo AN, Pramesthi AZ, Madjid AA, Nugroho GD. Setyawan AD. 2025. Review: Bioactive compounds and health applications of Digenea simplex (Rhodophyta). Cell Biol Dev 8: 90-108. Digenea simplex (Rhodophyta), a red macroalga widely distributed in tropical and subtropical coastal waters, has gained attention due to its unique chemical profile. However, scientific studies on this species remain scattered and limited. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on the bioactive compounds present in D. simplex, their biological activities, and their potential applications in various industries. Phytochemical investigations have revealed that D. simplex contains a variety of secondary metabolites, including kainic acid, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, carotenoids (such as astaxanthin), essential amino acids, and tannins. These compounds have demonstrated several pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The presence of kainic acid, for instance, highlights the neuroactive potential of the species, while carotenoids and phenolic compounds contribute significantly to its antioxidant capacity. In addition, the nutritional profile of D. simplex, comprising proteins, dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals, supports its use as a functional food ingredient. The cosmetic industry also benefits from its bioactive constituents, which exhibit moisturizing, anti-aging, and skin-protective properties. Despite its promising profile, further studies are necessary to standardize extraction methods, evaluate toxicological safety, and elucidate the mechanisms of action of its bioactive compounds. This review provides a comprehensive reference for future research and valorization of D. simplex as a valuable marine resource for health-related applications.
Bioactive compounds, Digenea simplex, marine natural products, red algae
Ecophysiological effects of mangrove canopy density on surface thermal conditions in a tropical lagoon ecosystem of Segara Anakan, Indonesia
Abstract. Aryanto AEP, Herbowo ACF, Mukarromah AN, Aulia AD, Zulfikar AB, Pitoyo A, Setyawan AD. 2025. Ecophysiological effects of mangrove canopy density on surface thermal conditions in a tropical lagoon ecosystem of Segara Anakan, Indonesia. Cell Biol Dev 9: 12-25. Mangrove forests are ecologically critical coastal ecosystems that regulate local microclimates and buffer against multiple forms of environmental stress. This study investigates the influence of mangrove canopy density on surface thermal dynamics in the climate-sensitive Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, Indonesia, using satellite-derived indices. Vegetation density was quantified using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), while Land Surface Temperature (LST) was derived from Landsat 9 thermal imagery. Spatial overlay and statistical correlation of NDVI and LST were employed to delineate thermal stress zones—defined as areas where surface temperatures exceed physiological thresholds for mangrove growth. Results revealed a strong negative correlation between NDVI and LST (R² = 0.68; Pearson’s r = -0.82), indicating that denser vegetation corresponds with cooler surface conditions. Zones with NDVI>0.60 typically exhibited temperatures of 23-25°C, while areas with lower canopy density exceeded 25°C. Thermal hotspots were concentrated in southern and central Cilacap, where anthropogenic disturbance has reduced canopy continuity. These findings highlight the ecophysiological importance of maintaining mangrove canopy cover in mitigating thermal stress. The integration of NDVI-LST analysis provides a non-invasive, scalable tool for monitoring vegetation health, supporting targeted restoration, and informing climate adaptation strategies in tropical coastal landscapes.
Land surface temperature, mangrove canopy, NDVI, remote sensing, Segara Anakan, thermal stress
Enhancing growth and flavonoid content of Eleutherine palmifolia using chitosan and NPK fertilizer under greenhouse conditions
Abstract. Rochma FA, Mudyantini W, Solichatun. 2025. Enhancing growth and flavonoid content of Eleutherine palmifolia using chitosan and NPK fertilizer under greenhouse conditions. Cell Biol Dev 9: 26-36. This study evaluated the effects of chitosan and NPK fertilizer on the growth performance, physiological traits, and flavonoid content of Eleutherine palmifolia, a medicinal plant widely used in Indonesia. A factorial experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using three chitosan concentrations (0, 0.3%, and 0.6%) and three levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha). The combination of 0.6% chitosan and 200 kg/ha NPK significantly enhanced leaf number, leaf size, shoot biomass, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, as well as flavonoid concentration in the tubers. While flowering occurred in selected treatments, overall reproductive development remained limited during the 11-week cultivation period. Notably, the highest total flavonoid content in tuber extracts (6.30 mg QE/g) was recorded under the same treatment, highlighting the potential role of chitosan as a biostimulant and elicitor of secondary metabolites. Although some parameters showed non-significant interaction effects, consistent positive trends support the hypothesis that chitosan improves nutrient uptake and physiological vigor, particularly when combined with adequate macronutrients. This study emphasizes the potential of integrating biostimulant and fertilizer treatments to enhance both agronomic performance and phytochemical accumulation in E. palmifolia. These findings provide a foundation for sustainable cultivation practices aimed at increasing the functional quality of this underutilized medicinal plant for future pharmaceutical or nutraceutical applications.
Biostimulant, chitosan, Eleutherine palmifolia, flavonoids, NPK fertilizer
Structural traits and carbon storage potential of tree and pole vegetation in three land-use types in Ngargoyoso, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract. Hanum U, Armadhan WS, Hanun Z, Shafa Z, Ningtyas SRA, Nur AAI, Indrawan M, Sunarto, Sugiyarto, Setyawan AD. 2025. Structural traits and carbon storage potential of tree and pole vegetation in three land-use types in Ngargoyoso, Central Java, Indonesia. Cell Biol Dev 9: 37-53. Understanding the relationship between plant structural characteristics and carbon storage is not just essential for ecological management and climate mitigation, but also highly relevant and applicable. This study investigates how Aboveground Biomass (AGB) and carbon stock correlate with the structural traits of tree and pole vegetation across three land-use types: pine forest, agroforestry, and rubber plantation in Ngargoyoso Sub-district, Central Java, Indonesia. Field sampling was conducted using 90 plots divided equally across the sites, with vegetation categorized into trees (DBH>20 cm) and poles (DBH 10-20 cm). Non-destructive measurements of diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height were used to estimate biomass through species-specific allometric equations. Carbon stock was then calculated using a standardized conversion factor (0.47×AGB). The results show that agroforestry systems exhibit the highest total carbon stock (82.46 MgC/ha), followed by rubber forest (81.41 MgC/ha) and pine forest (66.29 MgC/ha). Variations in carbon accumulation are strongly influenced by vegetation composition, structural diversity, and DBH distribution. The predominance of fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing species such as Leucaena leucocephala in agroforestry contributed to higher biomass accumulation. These findings emphasize the practical implications of this study, highlighting the importance of structural traits such as DBH and height, which reflect physiological growth status and are key determinants in carbon storage capacity across different vegetation types.
Aboveground biomass, agroforestry, carbon stock, DBH, structural traits, tropical forest physiology
Optimizing KCl seed priming to enhance salinity tolerance in Capsicum frutescens
Abstract. Sari LF, Solichatun, Mudyantini W. 2025. Optimizing KCl seed priming to enhance salinity tolerance in Capsicum frutescens. Cell Biol Dev 9: 1-11. Salinity is a major abiotic stress that poses a challenge to crop productivity, particularly in coastal agricultural zones. However, there is hope on the horizon. The use of potassium chloride (KCl) for seed osmopriming has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance plant tolerance under saline conditions. This method improves seed vigor and early-stage resilience, offering a promising solution to the salinity problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of KCl-based osmopriming on the growth and physiological responses of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) under different levels of salinity stress. We applied a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors four KCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm) and three salinity levels (0, 1,000, and 2,000 ppm NaCl)—using a hydroponic system. The parameters measured included germination percentage, plant height, root length, leaf number, leaf area, shoot-to-root ratio, biomass (fresh and dry weight), total chlorophyll content, and leaf proline levels. The results showed that osmopriming with 50-100 ppm KCl significantly improved plant height, leaf area, and biomass under 1,000 ppm salinity stress, while 200 ppm KCl reduced growth under high salinity (2,000 ppm), suggesting ion toxicity. Physiological traits such as total chlorophyll and proline content exhibited non-significant changes, but trends indicated improved stress responses in primed plants. These findings demonstrate that low-dose KCl osmopriming is a promising pre-sowing treatment to enhance the early growth performance of cayenne pepper under moderate salinity. However, further field validation and biochemical profiling are recommended to optimize its application, highlighting the importance of your potential contribution to this research.
Cayenne pepper, Capsicum frutescens, hydroponics, physiological response, potassium chloride
Review: Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus, 1758)
Abstract. Safira RN, Hafiffah AS, Allobua BSN, Mukarromah AN, Aulia AD, Naim DM, Setyawan AD. 2024. Review: Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus, 1758). Cell Biol Dev 8: 75-89. Skipjack tuna or skipjack fish or cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus, 1758) belongs to the Scombridae family. The skipjack tuna has a fusiform, round, elongated body, gill segments, small conical teeth, dark purplish-blue with a silvery underside and abdomen, and an elongated dark line. The body length of the skipjack tuna can reach 1 meter, with the weight reaching more than 18 kg. Skipjack tuna is widely spread from the western and central Pacific to the Indian Oceans, including Indonesia. Skipjack tuna can only live in salt water and live off the continental shelf in the open sea. Ecologically, this fish is an indicator of the environmental conditions in the habitat of skipjack tuna. Seasonal variations in productivity and temperature are critical in influencing reproductive factors. They underscore the significance of spatial and temporal compatibility among ecosystems regarding egg hatching, which is crucial for the survival of new fish progeny. Skipjack tuna is widely processed and is a protein source for the community. The use of tuna fish can be done in traditional and modern ways. Besides being used as processed food, skipjack tuna is also used as a natural medicine that is beneficial for the health of the human body. Skipjack tuna has various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic.
Medicine, pharmaceuticals, skipjack tuna, utilization
Short Communication: Morpho-anatomical and histochemical characterization of four species of Cyperaceae in Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract. Ajuru MG, Chinwe-Chikere L, Ibiye A, Elebachi BO. 2024. Short Communication: Morpho-anatomical and histochemical characterization of four species of Cyperaceae in Rivers State, Nigeria. Cell Biol Dev 7: 68-74. This research investigated the morpho-anatomical and histochemical characteristics of four species of Cyperaceae (Kyllinga erecta, Kyllinga bulbosa, Pycreus lanceolatus and Mariscus alternifolius) in Rivers State University. They are perennial, monocotyledonous herbs commonly known as erect greenhead sedge, spikesedge, narrow-leaf flatsedge and umbrella sedge respectively. Hand sectioning method and light microscopy were used for both anatomical and histochemical studies, while meter rule was used for quantitative morphological characters and visual observation was used for qualitative characters. The results for anatomy indicated that epidermal cells are one layered and present in the four species studied, the vascular bundles are all scattered, collateral, conjoint and closed in the stems and are also surrounded by parenchyma cells. The results of histochemical studies showed that there were no calcium oxalate crystals in either the stem or rhizomes of the four species. Results from morphological studies showed that the four species have triangularly shaped stems and are tufted and herbaceous perennial sedges. The four species also have fibrous roots and their leaves are all simple, alternate, glabrous and tristichously arranged. The results also showed that the four species of sedges exhibited a wide range of morphological features that distinguish them from another group of plants, and the characters showed some level of similarities amongst themselves. There were no calcium oxalate crystals in both the stem and rhizomes of all four species studied. Also, the presence of fibrous roots and umbel inflorescence authenticated their classification as monocotyledonous plants. The results of this research would help to improve upon the already existing information about the four species.
Cyperaceae, histochemistry, Kyllinga, Mariscus, morpho-anatomy, Pycreus
Review: Chemical profiles and therapeutic potentials of golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii)
Abstract. Aulia AA, Astuti AR, Wulandari AA, Nugroho GD, Setyawan AD. 2024. Review: Chemical profiles and therapeutic potentials of golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii). Cell Biol Dev 8: 58-67. The golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) is a species of sea cucumber that has a unique chemical profile and significant therapeutic potential. Traditionally, sea cucumbers have been used in medicine in Southeast Asia for their properties which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The distribution of golden sea cucumbers is dominant in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, but their populations are threatened due to excessive fishing. Conservation efforts through cultivation are being developed to restore wild stocks. This research aims to determine the hidden chemical profile and therapeutic potential of the golden sea cucumber by collecting information from various literature. Golden sea cucumbers have many chemical profiles, namely protein, saponin, triterpenoid, collagen, GAGs, flavonoid, mineral, glutathione, alkaloid, methanol, and hyaluronic acid. This spesies also have great potential as therapeutic agents, such as wound healing, antifungal properties, hipertrigliseridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, bone and tooth regeneration. This research brings various data that showed the importance of golden sea cucumbers in the field of health, such as the ability to increase insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial in the treatment of diabetes. Additionally, the high protein content in sea cucumbers provides additional nutritional value and supports antioxidant function. An in-depth understanding of the chemical composition and therapeutic benefits of golden sea cucumbers can encourage the development of biomedical products and support the economic well-being of coastal communities that depend on this resource. Therefore, conservation measures for this species must continue to be carried out so that it remains sustainable in nature and can be used wisely by humans.
Chemical profile, golden sea cucumber, therapeutic potential
Copyright (c) 2024 Cell Biology and Development
Effects of light-dark cycle and light-emitting diode (LED) colors on the behavioral and physiological responses of Phodopus roborovskii
Abstract. Fuertes PJS, Aquino AM, Balones NA, Pajila JJL, Granadozin Jr. MP, Brillo SC. 2024. Effects of light-dark cycle and light-emitting diode (LED) colors on the behavioral and physiological responses of Phodopus roborovskii. Cell Biol Dev 8: 51-57. The internal biological clocks regulate the 24-hour cycle of the circadian rhythm. Changes in the quantity or quality of light can disrupt the circadian rhythm as light influences the circadian clock synchronization, affecting the behavior and physiology of an organism. We determined the effects of different light-dark cycles and LED colors, specifically white, blue, and yellow, on the behavior and physiology of P. roborovskii. The test subjects were acclimated for one week. Five setups were utilized per LED color, particularly control (12L:12D) and treatment groups (24L:0D, 18L:6D, 6L:18D, 0L:24D). The amount of food intake (g), running wheel usage duration (min), sleep duration (min), and body weight (g) were recorded daily. Inferences regarding the melatonin and corticosterone levels were established from the behavioral assessment. The findings revealed a significant difference in sleep duration and running wheel usage. Results showed that white light at 18L:6D induced longer sleep duration, while blue light at 18L:6D resulted in shorter sleep duration. Moreover, blue light at 24L:0D promoted a longer duration of running wheel usage, whereas yellow light at 0L:24D impeded the use of the running wheel. Based on the behavioral data, it can be inferred that as melatonin levels increase throughout sleep onset, corticosterone levels decrease. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in the amount of food intake and body weight between the control and treatment groups. In conclusion, behavioral and physiological changes following light exposure were observed, disrupting the test subjects' circadian rhythm.
Circadian rhythm, LED, light-dark cycle, Phodopus roborovskii
Integrated application of granular and liquid bioorganic fertilizers improves corn productivity and soil fertility in light chestnut soils
Abstract. Karabayev K, Suleimenov B, Songulov Y, Akhmurzin U, Smanov A. 2025. Integrated application of granular and liquid bioorganic fertilizers improves corn productivity and soil fertility in light chestnut soils. Cell Biol Dev 9: 54-63. This study evaluated the effectiveness of integrated granular and liquid bioorganic fertilizers in enhancing soil fertility and corn (Zea mays) productivity on light chestnut soils in the Agopark Ontusik region. Field experiments were conducted using three rates of granular organic fertilizer (0, 1000, and 2000?kg?ha?¹) combined with four concentrations of a humic-based foliar biostimulant (0, 2, 4, and 6?mL?L?¹). Agronomic performance was assessed through vegetative traits, biomass accumulation, yield components, and grain productivity. Soil fertility parameters and economic profitability were also evaluated. The results showed that both fertilizer types significantly improved plant height, leaf area, and biomass, with the highest values recorded under the combined treatment of 2000?kg?ha?¹ + 6?mL?L?¹. Grain yield increased from 7.4?t/ha in the control to 13.5?t/ha in the best treatment. Available phosphorus (P?O?) in the topsoil rose from 14.0 to 26.0?mg/kg, while exchangeable potassium (K?O) declined due to high plant uptake. Economic analysis revealed that the most intensive treatment produced the highest net income (339,520 tenge/ha) and lowest cost per 100?kg of grain (2,519 tenge). Correlation analysis confirmed strong associations between biomass and yield, highlighting the importance of balanced nutrient supply. These findings demonstrate that bioorganic fertilization strategies are effective in restoring fertility and improving productivity on marginal soils, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional inputs in dryland cropping systems.
Bioorganic fertilizer, corn, dryland, humic substances, soil fertility, sustainable agriculture
Effect of algal fertilization on the biochemical and phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of tomato and pepper plants
Abstract. Baroud S, Tahrouch S, Hatimi A. 2024. Effect of algal fertilization on the biochemical and phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of tomato and pepper plants. Cell Biol Dev 8: 36-44. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of three brown algae, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Cystoseira gibraltarica and Fucus spiralis, on the biochemical and phytochemical composition of tomato and pepper plants. The algae were applied in two forms and at different concentrations: aqueous extract (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and amendment (C1, C2 and C3). The aqueous extract of B. bifurcata with its three concentrations showed the highest protein content in tomato leaves (217, 200 and 196.9 mg/g DM) and all aqueous extracts of F. spiralis showed high levels of total sugars (83.13, 83.08 and 75.38 mg/g DM). For pepper, the highest protein content was recorded for the 1% C. gibraltarica aqueous extract (196.57 mg/g DM). High levels of total sugars in pepper leaves were induced by the 2% C. gibraltarica aqueous extract (52.22 mg/g DM). Furthermore, the photosynthetic pigment content of the leaves of both vegetable crops (tomato and pepper) was generally significantly affected by the presence of aqueous extracts and amendments of the three brown algae. In addition, tomato and pepper plants treated with aqueous extracts (spraying) or by amendment, showed a significant improvement in all phytochemical parameters and antioxidant activity. These three algae proved to be good candidates for the effective development of biostimulants to improve biochemical composition and phytochemical parameters. This study could provide important information on the identification and use of Moroccan algal resources in agriculture.
Amendment, aqueous extracts, biochemical, biofertilization, phytochemical
Morphological and foliar epidermal studies of fronds of Platycerium bifurcatum and P. superbum in Rivers State, Nigeria
Abstract. Ajuru MG, Joshua JA, Chikere LC, Ibiye A. 2024. Morphological and foliar epidermal studies of fronds of Platycerium bifurcatum and P. superbum in Rivers State, Nigeria. Cell Biol Dev 8: 28-35. This work investigated the morphological and foliar epidermal characters of the sterile and fertile fronds of Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chr. and Platycerium superbum de Jonch. & Hennipman in Rivers State University, Nigeria. The two species of ferns, P. bifurcatum and P. superbum, belong to the family Polypodiaceae. They are unique epiphytes and have intrigued botanists, horticulturists, and plant enthusiasts; investigating plants' morphological and foliar anatomical structures has been crucial for plant classification. Qualitative and quantitative analytical methods were used for morphological study, while light microscopy was used for foliar anatomical study. Results showed that P. bifurcatum is a perennial, evergreen, broadly terrestrial, epiphytic fern. The rhizome is clingy, brown, or copper-colored, short, coarse, hidden, and enclosed in more than two peltate scales, and the frond is dimorphic (sterile and fertile), while P. superbum is a perennial, broad, and multi-branching terrestrial and epiphytic fern. The rhizome is a short-creeping, hidden, brown, or copper-colored structure, covered with chaffy, lanceolate scales and embedded in a mass of fronds and roots, and the frond is dimorphic. Epidermal cell shapes were found to be irregular, with thick and straight to wavy anticlinal walls in the fertile fronds, and irregular, with wavy to sinuous, thick anticlinal walls in the sterile fronds. The stomata types observed were diacytic, amphidiacytic, and anomocytic, except for the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the sterile fronds of P. bifurcatum, which were paracytic and hemiparasitic. This study focuses on recognizing morpho-anatomical characters of the fronds of these species, which will help in taxonomy, species identification, future comparisons, and quality control of the botanicals.
Dimorphic frond, epiphytic ferns, Platycerium, Polypodiaceae, stomata
Growth of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) roots in different internodes of stem cuttings with NAA (Naphthaleneacetic Acid) treatments
Abstract. Mudyantini W, Huda YN, Pitoyo A. 2024. Growth of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) roots in different internodes of stem cuttings with NAA (Naphthaleneacetic Acid) treatments. Cell Biol Dev 8: 19-27. Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a plantation commodity with high economic value. Unstable production of vanilla pods causes a decrease in vanilla pod exports. One of the obstacles is the limited availability of seeds. This study aims to determine the effect of combining two treatments on root growth in vanilla stem cuttings. The first treatment was a variation of NAA concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm. The second treatment was the cuttings' age on the third, fifth, and seventh nodes of vanilla stem cuttings. The planting material was soaked in a solution of NAA hormone and was carried out 3 repetitions for 60 minutes. Cuttings were planted in the growing medium for 90 days. The research parameters measured were root emergence time, first root length, number of root branches, first root diameter, root branch length, number of leaves, and shoot height. The results showed that soaking vanilla cuttings with an NAA concentration of 150 ppm accelerated root emergence and increased primary root length. The seventh node of the vanilla cuttings soaked in 150 ppm of NAA hormone solution was the best combination for the time of root emergence and root length, while the fifth node without being soaked in NAA hormone solution was the best combination for shoot height and the number of leaves. Soaking vanilla cuttings with NAA hormone solution did not affect increasing root diameter, number of roots, and length of root branches.
Auxin, Naphthaleneacetic acid, soaking method, stem cuttings, Vanilla planifolia
Leaf anatomy of twenty Dioscorea cultivars from Nigeria
Abstract. Matthew JO, Azeez SO, Akinloye AJ, Alebiowu G, Faluyi JO. 2024. Leaf anatomy of twenty Dioscorea cultivars from Nigeria. Cell Biol Dev 8: 1-12. Dioscorea spp. is an important food crop in Nigeria; Dioscorea alata L., D. cayenensis Lam., D. dumetorum (Kunth) Pax, and D. rotundata Poir. are the major species cultivated in this country. Previous studies on anatomical research of the genus Dioscorea have been concentrated mostly on quantitative morphometrics, while broad foliar anatomical studies, especially qualitative features of this crop receive little attention. Therefore, using qualitative and quantitative characteristic features in the anatomical study will be more detailed; ditto this study aimed at improving the anatomical and taxonomic knowledge to broaden evolutionary information of the cultivated Dioscorea spp. in Nigeria. Four major cultivated Dioscorea species' leaf and petiole anatomical features were evaluated, focusing on epidermis histology using transverse sections. Qualitative features were observed under a light microscope, while quantitative data were subject to mean separation using One-Way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The cultivars and species studied had hypostomatic leaves with similar stoma types. Only D. dumetorum had distinct unicellular trichomes and lacked raphides, while the wing character of D. alata is a distinguishing feature for the species. PCA showed that stomata area (mm2) is an important characteristic feature in the anatomical study of yam; also, D. alata, D. cayenensis, and D. rotundata were closely related. The D. rotundata had the highest value for stomata quantitative characteristic features.
Leaves, petiole, raphides, stomata, trichomes, yam
Effects of light intensity on seed germination and early growth seedlings of Spondias mombin in Bangladesh
Abstract. Das N. 2023. Effects of light intensity on seed germination and early growth seedlings of Spondias mombin in Bangladesh. Cell Biol Dev 7: 82-88. The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of light intensity on the seed germination and early growth of Spondias mombin L. under four light-intensity treatments (40%, 60%, 100%, and under a closed natural forest canopy) in polybags containing a mixture of topsoil and cow dung in a 3:1 ratio. The results showed that the closed natural forest canopy and 100% light intensity treatments resulted in unsatisfactory germination of S. mombin seeds. The 40% light intensity treatment (medium shading) significantly increased seed germination, with the highest cumulative seed germination at 40% light intensity (71.61%) and the lowest at 100% light intensity (26.58%). Intense light delayed germination. Light intensity significantly (P ?0.05) affected most of the morphological and physiological parameters of the seedling early growth. The early growth phase of seedlings did not perform well under heavy shade, indicating that S. mombin requires shading during early growth. Seedlings under 100% light intensity died shortly after emergence. The findings demonstrated that the best growth and most stable seedlings were obtained under 60% light intensity. Therefore, adequate exposure to light at the nursery stage is necessary for the optimum growth performance of S. mombin seedlings for agroforestry and afforestation purposes in Bangladesh.
Germination, light intensity, seedling growth, Spondias mombin
Copyright (c) 2023 Cell Biology and Development
Seed phenotypic variations in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, from selected open markets in Edo State, Nigeria
Abstract. Ikhajiagbe B, Ogwu MC, Omage ZE. 2023. Seed phenotypic variations in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, from selected open markets in Edo State, Nigeria. Biodiversitas 24: 89-102. Understanding the phenotypic variation of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (cowpea) can facilitate sustainable utilization and support protein security goals. This study aimed to investigate the existence and level of seed phenotypic variations within and among three local cultivars of cowpea, namely Ife Brown, Ekpoma Local, and Sokoto White in Edo State, Southern Nigeria. This information will assist utilization, conservation planning, and breeding efforts. Key qualitative and quantitative characters were collected and analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Results showed no variations in the qualitative parameters among the seeds of cvs. Ekpoma Local and Sokoto White. However, cv. Ife Brown varied significantly, particularly in seed color. Significant variations (P>0.05) existed in the seed quantitative parameters. The seed volume was the most diverse, with a coefficient of variation of 13.15-14.14. Further, the seed volume of cv. Sokoto White was the most diverse. Regarding overall variation, the group mean sum of squares for cv. Ife Brown was 146.95, compared to 26.18 and 31.23 for cvs. Ekpoma Local and Sokoto White, respectively, indicate that cv. Ife Brown was the most likely variable cultivar. There is a need for molecular characterization to ascertain the diversity observed in the cowpea seeds.
Cowpea characterization, legume security, local cultivars, plant genetic resources, seeds diversity, Vigna unguiculata
Allelopathic effects of leachates of African peach (Nauclea diderrichii) and white afara (Terminalia superba) on germination and growth of maize
Abstract. Onefeli AO, Oluranti OI, Uthman KT, Aderibigbe AA, Mustapha MB. 2024. Allelopathic effects of leachates of African peach (Nauclea diderrichii) and white afara (Terminalia superba) on germination and growth of maize. Cell Biol Dev 7: 22-27. This study was done to identify the allelopathic interference and nature of Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild.) Merr. and Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels on seed germination, the Seedling Vigour Index (SVI), and the growth of the seed of maize (Zea mays L.), to determine the best selection of tree species for agroforestry. The study was done at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, both in the laboratory and on an agroforestry site. The freshly dried leaves of N. diderrichii and T. superba were collected and ground into powder to make leachate. The 3%, 6%, and 12% treatment leachate were made by soaking the powder for 24 hours, and the maize seeds were watered with the leachate. Statistical analysis was done with the data collected from the growth parameters for the two species using ANOVA, T-test, and Correlation. The N. diderrichii showed a slightly more effect on the maize than T. superba; the inhibitory effect of N. diderrichii was high with the increase in concentration of 3% (1.52), 6% (0.35), and 12% (0.81)) treatments, comparing mean values with the control. The two species have an inhibitory effect on most of the growth parameters. It was evident that N. diderrichii has more inhibitory effect on maize at high concentrations than T. superba. Seedling shoot dry weight had the strongest correlation with the SVI among the growth parameters. The result shows that T. superba is more suitable for agroforestry systems than N. diderrichii.
Agroforestry, allelopathy, growth parameters, inhibitory effect, Nauclea diderrichii, Terminalia superba
Applying home-based experiments on locally isolated Dictyostelium discoideum to qualitatively demonstrate taxis of social amoebae
Abstract. Claudio-Paragas CY, Balaoro-Banzuela RC, Dagamac NHA, Ocenar-Bautista CE. 2023. Applying home-based experiments on locally isolated Dictyostelium discoideum to qualitatively demonstrate taxis of social amoebae. Cell Biol Dev 7: 75-81. Recent years have seen a growing interest in studies on slime molds based in the Philippines, but the inclusivity of Dictyostelids has been largely overlooked. The country has very few studies investigating this category of microbial predators over the past two decades despite their ecological importance in maintaining balance in the soil ecosystem. Thus, we consolidated a multifaceted assessment that examined the behavioral response of locally isolated dictyostelids to an array of external stimuli, particularly under light- and food-induced conditions. The tail-end movement of the motile cells of the clear-cut species, Dictyostelium discoideum Raper, was assessed through a proxy indicator based on the fructification of the species. This was done by setting up two simple home-based experimental setups that investigate the effect of light wavelengths and prey cell viability based on the differentiation rate and one choice experiment that looks into the designation of fructification of D. discoideum, whether it preferentially differentiates under light or in darkness. Our setups revealed the following: (i) fruiting bodies develop in any light wavelength, but fructification is fastest in white ambient light; (ii) dead microbial cells constitute a lag in fruiting body development; and (iii) the decision-making of D. discoideum does not prefer photo avoidance.
Eumycetozoans, morphogenesis, protist, soil ecology, spores
Effects of cutting source and IBA concentration on shooting and rooting ability of Pouteria adolfi-friederici stem cuttings at polypropagator
Abstract. Bahru T, Derero A. 2023. Effects of cutting source and IBA concentration on shooting and rooting ability of Pouteria adolfi-friederici stem cuttings at polypropagator. Cell Biol Dev 7: 56-66. Pouteria adolfi-friederici (Engl.) Baehni is an indigenous tree species extensively exploited for high-quality timber. Limited availability of seeds, intensive seed predation and recalcitrant seeds are bottlenecks for growing the tree species. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cutting source and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration on vegetative propagation of the species at a non-mist polypropagator. A total of 160 stem cuttings comprising four treatments (seedling cuttings + 0.2% IBA dose, seedling cuttings + 0.4% IBA dose, branch cuttings + 0.2% IBA dose and branch cuttings + 0.4% IBA dose) established using a completely randomized design for 180 days. The survival rate, rooting response, number of leaves/or buds, root number, and root length per rooted cuttings of seedling cuttings treated with 0.2% were significantly (p<0.01) the highest. Consequently, 70% of shooting and rooting success and higher mean root length (1.97+1.92 cm) were induced by seedling cuttings treated with 0.2% IBA concentration. In conclusion, seedling cuttings treated with 0.2% IBA concentration are more promising for vegetative propagation at a non-mist polypropagator. Hence, establishing mother stocks in nurseries and their proper management to serve as sources of juvenile stems will be essential for the successful macro-propagation of the species besides growing the species with seeds.
IBA, Kerero, polypropagator, propagation, rooting
Enhancing vegetative and root productions of four turnip genotypes through varied humic acid fertilizer levels
Abstract. Ullah H, Kiran M, Haq F, Waseem K, Nadeem MA, Ghazanfarullah, Farid A, Aziz T. 2023. Enhancing vegetative and root productions of four turnip genotypes through varied humic acid fertilizer levels. Cell Biol Dev 7: 67-74. A meticulously designed pot experiment was conducted to investigate the intricate effects of varying Humic Acid (HA) fertilizer levels on the growth patterns of four distinct turnip genotypes. The trial encompassed an array of HA concentrations, from 0 to 120 Kg/ha, to discern their influence on the vegetative and root aspects of the turnip plants. The outcomes of this comprehensive study unveiled an undeniable impact of HA concentrations on virtually every facet of turnip growth and output. Notably, the pinnacle of performance across several critical parameters, including plant height, leaf area, canopy coverage, leaf count per plant, chlorophyll content in leaves, and both the fresh and dry weights of both leaves and roots, was achieved at the HA concentration of 60 kg/ha. Among the four turnip genotypes scrutinized, the Golden Bal genotype reacted favorably to the HA treatments. With a compelling total yield of 11.79 t/ha, the Golden Bal genotype emerged as a leader in productive response. A noteworthy revelation was the intricate interplay between the specific turnip genotypes and the HA concentrations employed. This interplay significantly affected numerous facets of vegetative development and yield-related attributes. The synergy observed between the moderate HA concentration of 60 Kg/ha and the Golden Bal genotype was particularly striking, resulting in a superior manifestation of various traits compared to alternate genotype-HA combinations. In essence, this research has effectively underscored the pivotal role of varying HA fertilizer levels in steering the trajectory of turnip production. The findings of this study bear valuable implications for optimizing agricultural practices to harness the full potential of turnip cultivation while emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of genotype-HA interactions in modern agronomic endeavors.
Desi Faisalabad, Golden Bal, humic acid, purple top, turnip productivity, White Globe Vikima F1 (Denmark)
Short Communication: Comparative foliar epidermal study of some species of pteridophytes in Rivers State University, Nigeria
Abstract. Ibiye AI, Green BO, Ajuru MG. 2023. Comparative foliar epidermal study of some species of pteridophytes in Rivers State University, Nigeria. Cell Biol Dev 7: 51-55. Pteridophytes show many forms and are cosmopolitan in distribution, from sea level to high mountains. They are about 13,500 species of fern and allies distributed throughout the world. Some are edible, while some are ornamental. They are economically important to humans in food, medicine, ornaments, fibers, and cultural usages. Ferns generally are an understudied group of plants, and no work on the foliar epidermal study of the three species in the South-South part of Nigeria has been done. The study aimed to investigating the foliar anatomy of three species of pteridophytes at Rivers State University, Nigeria, to elucidate their taxonomic knowledge using this line of evidence. The standard method for foliar epidermal analysis was employed. Fresh mature leaves were soaked in sodium hypochlorite (5%) for 3-5 minutes to soften the tissues, and the adaxial surface was scraped off with a sharp razor blade until the abaxial surface was reached; equally, the abaxial surface was scraped off to reveal the adaxial surface. The species include: Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott, Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.F.) Pic. Serm., and Microgramma mauritiana (Wild.) Tardieu. Results of the foliar epidermal anatomical study revealed that the presence of uniseriate non-glandular trichomes on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of N. biserrata and absent in P. scolopendria and M. mauritiana is diagnostic of this species. The presence of diacytic stomata in addition to anomocytic type in the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of N. biserrata also separates it from P. scolopendria which had amphidiacytic stomata on the abaxial surface and M. mauritiana lacked stomata on this surface. All three species possessed numerous crystal sand on both surfaces, which is also diagnostic. These characters have been reported to be diagnostic and considered highly significant for solving taxonomic disputes through identification and delimiting among the species, thus broadening the scope of their taxonomic knowledge.
Foliar anatomy, Microgramma mauritiana, Nephrolepis biserrata, Phymatosorus scolopendria, pteridophytes
Effects of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica on growth performance and liver function parameters in male albino rats
Abstract. Arowora KA, Ugwuoke KC, Abah MA, Ugwoke BC. 2023. Effects of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica on growth performance and liver function parameters in male albino rats. Cell Biol Dev 7: 28-34. The effects of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Azadirachta indica A.Juss. aqueous leaf extract on growth performance and liver function parameters in male albino rats were evaluated. Synthesis of AgNPs from AgNO3 and plant extract was achieved using standard methods, while the characteristic peak of the synthesized AgNPs was determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a resolution of 1 nM. The crystal structure of AgNPs was determined using the technique of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Growth performance study was carried out using the AOAC method. A total of 16 male albino rats weighing between 120 and 180 g were randomly allotted into four experimental groups having four rats each. 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg AgNPs were administered daily to Groups 2, 3, and 4 respectively for 14 days, while Group 1 served as the control. At the end of the administration, rats were sacrificed under anaesthetization, and serum samples were collected for analysis. The result revealed that the absorption characteristic peak of the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of the silver nanoparticles synthesized was 450 nM. It was also observed that the growth performance of the experimental animals gave no significant difference in average weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency ratio. The feed conversion ratio of Group 4 (6.94) is significantly higher than all the groups. However, Groups 2 (4.56) and 3 (4.74) were found to be non-significant (P>0.05), and significantly higher than the Control Group (3.75). Synthesized silver nanoparticles from A. indica affected the level of some selected biochemical parameters such as ALT, ALP, TP AST, and Albumin in a non-significant way. This study found no evidence of hazardous effects from silver nanoparticles, which could be attributed to the minimal dosage of AgNPs used or the source of the nanoparticles.
Azadirachta indica, growth performance, liver function tests, silver nanoparticles
Protective effect of vitamin C against alcohol induced lungs toxicity in adult male Wistar rats
Abstract. Oyesola OA, Osonuga IO, George ET. 2023. Protective effect of vitamin C against alcohol induced lungs toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Cell Biol Dev 7: 35-40. The lungs are the major organs in the respiratory system. The toxic effect of alcohol on the lungs leads to cell death and loss of function. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of vitamin C on alcohol-induced lung toxicity in male Wistar rats. Forty male Wistar rats were acclimated for 14 days and randomly divided into eight groups. Group A was the control and received only distilled water. Group B was given alcohol, while groups C, D, and E received varying doses of vitamin C. Groups F, G, and H received alcohol, followed by vitamin C. After 21 days of treatment, the rats' lungs were collected and evaluated for various parameters, including antioxidant enzyme activity (Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation levels (malodialdehyde (MDA), carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood, and histopathological changes. The results indicated that rats that received only alcohol had increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD, and GSH) in the lungs, high CO2 levels in the blood, dilation of the alveolar sac, and disorientation of the bronchioles. However, groups treated with alcohol and vitamin C exhibited increased antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced lipid peroxidation and CO2 content of the blood, regenerative changes, and improvement in the histo-architecture of the lungs. Vitamin C has demonstrated protective properties against alcohol-induced lung toxicity.
Antioxidants, carbon dioxide, lung, vitamins