Enhancing growth and flavonoid content of Eleutherine palmifolia using chitosan and NPK fertilizer under greenhouse conditions
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 154
File Views: 21
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Rochma FA, Mudyantini W, Solichatun. 2025. Enhancing growth and flavonoid content of Eleutherine palmifolia using chitosan and NPK fertilizer under greenhouse conditions. Cell Biol Dev 9: 26-36. This study evaluated the effects of chitosan and NPK fertilizer on the growth performance, physiological traits, and flavonoid content of Eleutherine palmifolia, a medicinal plant widely used in Indonesia. A factorial experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using three chitosan concentrations (0, 0.3%, and 0.6%) and three levels of NPK fertilizer (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha). The combination of 0.6% chitosan and 200 kg/ha NPK significantly enhanced leaf number, leaf size, shoot biomass, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, as well as flavonoid concentration in the tubers. While flowering occurred in selected treatments, overall reproductive development remained limited during the 11-week cultivation period. Notably, the highest total flavonoid content in tuber extracts (6.30 mg QE/g) was recorded under the same treatment, highlighting the potential role of chitosan as a biostimulant and elicitor of secondary metabolites. Although some parameters showed non-significant interaction effects, consistent positive trends support the hypothesis that chitosan improves nutrient uptake and physiological vigor, particularly when combined with adequate macronutrients. This study emphasizes the potential of integrating biostimulant and fertilizer treatments to enhance both agronomic performance and phytochemical accumulation in E. palmifolia. These findings provide a foundation for sustainable cultivation practices aimed at increasing the functional quality of this underutilized medicinal plant for future pharmaceutical or nutraceutical applications.
Article Details
Issue
Section
References
Abdel-Aziz HM, Hasaneen MN, Omer AM. 2016. Nano chitosan-NPK fertilizer enhances the growth and productivity of wheat plants grown in sandy soil. Spanish J Agric Res 14 (1): e0902-e0902. DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2016141-8205
Acemi A, Polat EG, Cakir M, Demiryürek E, Yavuz B, Özen F. 2021. Molecular weight and concentration of chitosan affect plant development and phenolic substance pattern in arugula. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49 (2): 12296-12296. DOI: 10.15835/nbha49212296.
Alsanam R, Alsahli A, Ibrahim M, Ahmad P. 2021. Chitosan-mediated plant growth and salt stress tolerance in Vigna radiata: Modulation of ABA signaling and antioxidant defense. Plant Physiol Biochem 159: 336-345. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.037
Atikah TA, Wardiyati T, Nihayati E, Saputera S, Nendissa DR. 2021. Inovasi teknologi budidaya bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia Merr) untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan analisis kelayakan ekonomi. AGROMIX 12 (1): 39-46. DOI: 10.35891/agx.v12i1.2331. [Indonesian]
Campbell CS, Watanabe N, Yamamoto M, Hakomori S, Kariyone S. 2008. Phosphorus regulation of flowering and floral organ development: Insights from gene expression studies. Plant Cell Environ 31 (10): 1416-1426.
Chadchawan S. Chamnanmanoontham N, Pongprayoon W, Pichayangkura R, Roytrakul S. 2015. Chitosan enhances rice seedling growth via gene expression network between nucleus and chloroplast Plant Growth Regul 75: 101-114. DOI: 10.1007/s10725-014-9935-7.
Cocozza C, Brilli F, Pignattelli S et al. 2020. The excess of phosphorus in soil reduces physiological performances over time but enhances prompt recovery of salt-stressed Arundo donax plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 151: 556-565. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.011.
Duhan JS, Kumar R, Kumar N, Kaur P, Nehra K, Duhan S. 2017. Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agriculture. Biotechnol Rep 15: 11-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.03.002
Ebaid M, El Hady MA, El Temsah ME et al. 2024. Combined vinasse and mineral NPK fertilizer affect physio-biochemical, root, and yield characters of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes grown on saline soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 24 (2): 3178-3194. DOI: 10.1007/s42729-024-01743-8.
El-Miniawy SM, Ragab ME, Youssef SM, Metwally AA. 2014. Influence of foliar spraying of seaweed extract on growth, yield and quality of strawberry plants. J Appl Sci Res 10: 88-94.
Fanciullino R, Mollard S, Correard F, Giacometti S, Serdjebi C, Iliadis A, Ciccolini J. 2014. Biodistribution, tumor uptake and efficacy of 5-FU-loaded liposomes: Why size matters. Pharm Res 31: 2677-2684. DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1364-9.
Ferreyra SNE, Inzaugarat ME, Baz P, et al. 2012. The role of innate cells is coupled to a Th1-polarized immune response in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Immunol 32: 611-621. DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9635-2.
Foyer CH, Noctor G. 2011. Ascorbate and glutathione: The heart of the redox hub. Plant Physiol 155 (1): 2-18. DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.167569.
Gornik K, Grzesik M, Duda BR. 2008. The effect of chitosan on rooting of grapevine cuttings and on subsequent plant growth under drought and pathogen stress. Sci Hortic 117 (3): 274-280.
Haryadi D, Siregar FA, Sasmita P. 2015. Effect of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallots in dry climates. J Agric Sci 20 (1): 45-51.
Hendry GAF, Grime JP. 1993. Methods in Comparative Plant Ecology: A Laboratory Manual. Chapman & Hall, London. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1494-3.
Huang M, Jiang L, Zou Y, Xu S, Deng Y. 2019. Effects of different potassium fertilizer levels on physiological traits and growth of medicinal plants. J Plant Nutr 42 (2): 201-214.
Ibrahim M. 2012. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of some novel quinazolin-4 (3h)-one derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. Al-Azhar J Pharm Sci 46 (2): 185-203. DOI: 10.21608/ajps.2012.7145.
Ingle N, Giri P, Joshi K. 2022. Role of chitosan in regulation of phytohormones and secondary metabolites in horticultural crops. Front Plant Sci 13: 927643. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927643
Kuntorini EM, Nugroho LH. 2010. Structural development and bioactive content of red bulb plant (Eleutherine americana); a traditional medicines for local Kalimantan people. Biodiversitas 11 (2): 102-106. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d110210.
Lalla MSP. 2022. Biostimulan Untuk Tanah Dan Tanaman. Penerbit Qiara Media, Pasuruan. [Indonesian]
Landi M, Esposito S, Nali C, Giordano C. 2017. Chitosan promotes antioxidative and photoprotective mechanisms under moderate UV-B radiation in lettuce plants. Sci Hortic 225: 295-302.
Limpanavech P, Chieochai S, Phornvillay S, Kumla S, Cha-um S. 2008. Chitosan effects on growth and postharvest quality of Dendrobium orchid. Sci Hortic 116: 65-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.10.034.
Manurung B, Zahrah S. 2018. Pemberian Hormax dan NPK Mutiara 16: 16: 16 pada tanaman ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.). Dinamika Pertanian 34 (2): 139-150. DOI: 10.25299/dp.2018.vol34(2).5423. [Indonesian]
Modi S, Kumar S, Dubey PK. 2021. Dynamics of chitosan based NPK-nanofertilizers in greenhouse cucumber production system. J Environ Biol 42 (1): 162-168. DOI: 10.22438/jeb/42/1/MRN-1251.
Moza A, Thomas T, Prasad ST. 2024. Local drug delivery using chitosan microspheres–A review of literature. Intl J Recenr Adv Multidiciplin Res 11 (04): 9714-9724.
Mutua CM, Ogweno JO, Gesimba RM. 2021. Effect of NPK fertilizer rates on growth and yield of field and greenhouse grown Pepino melon (Solanum muricatum Aiton). J Horticult Plant Res 13 (11): 10-23. DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/JHPR.13.10.
Nur S, Thohari. 2007. Tanggap dosis nitrogen dan pemberian berbagai macam bentuk bolus terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L). Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 4 (1): 30-33. [Indonesian]
Nuraini A, Hamdani JS, Suminar E, Ardiansyah D. 2017. Aplikasi chitosan untuk meningkatkan hasil benih kentang G0 (Solanum tuberosum L.) kultivar granola pada berbagai jenis media tanam. Kultivasi 16 (3): 466-473. DOI: 10.24198/kultivasi.v16i3.14374. [Indonesian]
Nuryani E, Haryono G, Historiawati. 2019. Pengaruh dosis dan saat pemberian pupuk P terhadap hasil tanaman buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tipe tegak. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika 4 (1): 14-17. [Indonesian]
Paramita S, Nuryanto MK. 2018. Anti-inflammatory activity of bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill. Urb.)) ethanol bulb extracts. J Vocational Health Stud 2: 51-55. DOI: 10.20473/jvhs.V2.I2.2018.51-55.
Parvin K, Rahman MA, Islam MR, Jahan MS, Uddin MN, et al. 2019. Exogenous calcium alleviates salinity-induced oxidative stress in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants 8: 151. DOI: 10.3390/plants8060151.
Patoni. 2000. Pengaruh Cekaman Kekeringan terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Kandungan Vitamin C Buah Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). [Hon. Thesis]. Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Perez-de-Luque A. 2017. Interaction of nanomaterials with plants: What do we need for real applications in agriculture? Front Environ Sci 5: 12. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2017.00012.
Rahman M, Mukta JA, Sabir AA et al. 2018. Chitosan biopolymer promotes yield and stimulates accumulation of antioxidants in strawberry fruit. PLoS One 13 (9): e0203769. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203769.
Rosmawaty T, Jumin HB, Mardaleni M, Sinaga C. 2019. Produksi dan kandungan flavonoid umbi tanaman bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) dengan pemberian NPK 16: 16: 16 pada berbagai umur panen. Dinamika Pertanian 35 (3): 111-118. DOI: 10.25299/dp.2019.vol35(3).4574. [Indonesian]
Saharan V, Pal A. 2016. Properties and Types of Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials. SpringerBriefs in Plant Science. Springer, New Delhi. DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-3601-6_3.
Sari VI, Saleh I, Ekawati R. 2020. Respons pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kandungan flavonoid bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) terhadap pengendalian gulma dan jarak tanam. Agrotechnol Res J 4 (2): 92-98. DOI: 10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i2.41725. [Indonesian]
Sathiyabama M, Indhumathi M. 2022. Chitosan thiamine nanoparticles intervene innate immunomodulation during Chickpea-Fusarium interaction. Intl J Biol Macromol 198: 11-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.105.
Sharif R, Mujtaba M, Rahman MU, Shalmani A, Ahmad H, Anwar T, Tianchan D, Xiping Wang X. 2018. The multifunctional role of chitosan in horticultural crops: A review. Molecules 23 (4): 872. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040872.
Singh AK, Singla P. 2020. Root phenolics profile modulates microbial ecology of rhizosphere. Plant Phenol Sustain Agric 1: 555-578. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4890-1_24.
Stankovic MS. 2011. Total flavonoid content in plant extracts using aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. J Med Plant Res 5 (25): 5555-5559. DOI: 10.5504/BBEQ.2011.0020.
Suci DAW. 2020. Pengaruh Kitosan Terhadap Kandungan Flavonoid pada Kalus Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr) Secara in vitro. [Dissertation] Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. [Indonesian]
Sumarni N, Sopha GA, Gaswanto R. 2012. Respons tanaman bawang merah asal biji true shallot seeds terhadap kerapatan tanaman pada musim hujan. Indones Agency Agric Res Dev 22 (1): 23-28. DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n1.2012.p23-28.
Sun Q, Yang F, Liu M, Han Y, Dong M. 2022. Nitrogen metabolism and its relationship with plant growth under nitrogen supply. Front Plant Sci 13: 847650. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847650
Tamal MA, Aryanto D. 2020. Efektivitas air rebusan bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli pada daging sapi. Teknologi Pangan: Media Informasi Dan Komunikasi Ilmiah Teknologi Pertanian 11 (1): 16-26. DOI: 10.35891/tp.v11i1.1880. [Indonesian]
Xing HY, Cai YQ, Wang XF, Wang LL, Li P, Wang GY, Chen JH. 2015. The cytoprotective effect of hyperoside against oxidative stress is mediated by the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway through GSK-3? inactivation. PLoS One 10 (12): e0145183. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145183.
Yamika W, Gunawan R, Riyadi P, Hasyim S. 2021. Response of growth and yield of shallot to potassium fertilization on entisol soil. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 648: 012008. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012008.
Yuswi NCR. 2017. Ekstraksi antioksidan bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) dengan metode ultrasonic bath (kajian jenis pelarut dan lama ekstraksi). Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri 5 (1): 71-79. [Indonesian]