Semi-natural regeneration and conservation in agroforestry system models on small-scale farmers
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Abstract. Suryanto P, Sadono R, Yohanifa A, Widyawan MH, Alam T. 2021. Semi-natural regeneration and conservation in agroforestry system models on small-scale farmers. Biodiversitas 22: 858-865. The regeneration capacity can provide an overview of the abundance of species so that it can be used to determine the potential and opportunities for the sustainability of agroforestry systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of semi-natural regeneration in agroforestry system models for small-scale farmers. The study was carried out in Banaran Sub-district, Playen District, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The observation was conducted on plant diversity, floristic composition, and agroforestry contribution. The results showed that the mixed cropping (MC) model had a higher total of individuals and diversity compared to the trees along with border (TAB) model in the sapling and seedling level. The MC model was relatively shorter to the waiting time of harvesting compared to the TAB model. The MC models weakness was the relatively high competition and the lack of opportunities to growing annual crops. The TAB model had an advantage in developing annual crops in an agroforestry system, while longer in waiting time for harvesting perennial crops. This study recommends annual pruning in the MC model for optimal stand growth, while in the TAB model, it is the enrichment planting in sapling and seedling levels.
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References
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FAO. 2015. Agroforestry. http://www.fao.org/forestry/agroforestry/80338/en/.
Harja, D. and Vincént, G. 2008. Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator - User Guide and Software. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD).
Jost L, González-Oreja JA. 2012. Midiendo la diversidad biológica: Más allá del índice de Shannon. Acta Zoológica Lilloana 56: 3–14.
Jost L. 2006. Entropy and diversity. Oikos 113: 363–375.
Kole P, Gaston KJ, Lennon JJ. 2003. Measuring beta diversity for presence-absence data. J Anim Ecol 72: 367–382.
Marcon E, Hérault B. 2015. Entropart: An R Package to Measure and Partition Diversity. J Stat Softw 67: 1–26.
Moreno CE, Barragán F, Pineda E, Pavón NP. 2011. Reanálisis de la diversidad alfa: Alternativas para interpretar y comparar información sobre comunidades ecológicas. Rev Mex Biodivers 82: 1249–1261.
Moreno-Calles AI, Casas A, Blancas J, Torres I, Masera O, Caballero J, García-Barrios LE, Pérez-Negrón E, Rangel-Landa S. 2010. Agroforestry systems and biodiversity conservation in arid zones: The case of the Tehuacán Valley, Central México. Agrofor Syst 80: 315-331.
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Rendón-Sandoval FJ, Casas A, Moreno-Calles AI, Torres-García I, García-Frapolli E. 2020. Traditional agroforestry systems and conservation of native plant diversity of seasonally dry tropical forests. Sustain 12(4600).
Sabarnurudin M.S, Budiadi, Suryanto P. 2011. Agroforestri untuk Indonesia: Strategi Kelestarian Hutan dan Kemakmuran. Cakrawala Media, Yogyakarta. [Indonesia].
SAS Institute. 2013. SAS System for Windows 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., North Carolina, USA.
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Suryanto P, Tohari, Sabarnurudin MS. 2005. Dinamika sistem berbagi sumberdaya (resouces sharing) dalam agroforestri: dasar pertimbangan penyusunan strategi silvikultur. Ilmu Pertanian 12(2): 165-178. [Indonesia].
Triwiyanto CN. 2013. Kapasitas Regenerasi Tegakan dan Sistem Agroforestri Tegalan di Dukuh Bulu, Desa Giripurwo, Kecamatan Girimulyo, Kulonprogo. Yogyakarta. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. [Indonesia]
Vallejo M, Moreno-Calles AI, Casas A. 2016. TEK and biodiversity management in agroforestry systems of diff erent sociocological contexts of the Tehuacán Valley. J. Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12(31).
Wangpakapattanawong P, Finlayson P, Öborn I, Roshetko JM, Sinclair F, Shono K, Borelli S, Hillbrand A, Conigliaro M. 2017. Agroforestry in rice-production landscapes in Southeast Asia: a practical manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand & World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Program, Bogor, Indonesia.
Wei T. 2013. Corrplot: Visualization of a correlation matrix. R Packag Version 073.
Whittaker RH. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecol Monogr 30: 279–338.
Xu H, Bi H, Gao L, Yun L. 2019. Alley cropping increases land use efficiency and economic profitability across the combination cultivation period. Agron 9(34).
Baselga A. 2010. Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 19: 134–143.
Blancas J, Casas A, Moreno-Calles AI, Caballero J. 2016. Cultural Motives of Plant Management and Domestication. In Ethnobotany of Mexico. Interactions of People and Plants in Mesoamerica; Lira, R., Casas, A., Blancas, J., Eds.; Springer: Utrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 233–255.
Bowler DE, Buyung-Ali LM, Healey JR, Jones JPG, Knight TM, Andrew S Pullin, AS. 2011. Does community forest management provide global environmental benefits and improve local welfare?. Front Ecol Environ 10(1): 29-36.
Centre, W.A. 2011. Annual Report 2010–2011 of World Agroforestry Centre: Wicked Challenges Today, Wicked Solutions Tomorrow; World Agroforestry Centre: Nairobi, Kenya, 2011; pp. 6–7.
De Royer S, Van Noordwijk M, Roshetko JM. 2018. Does community-based forest management in Indonesia devolve social justice or social costs?. Int For Rev 20(2): 167-180.
Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2019. Buku statistik kehutanan 2019. Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. [Indonesia]
FAO. 2015. Agroforestry. http://www.fao.org/forestry/agroforestry/80338/en/.
Harja, D. and Vincént, G. 2008. Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator - User Guide and Software. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD).
Jost L, González-Oreja JA. 2012. Midiendo la diversidad biológica: Más allá del índice de Shannon. Acta Zoológica Lilloana 56: 3–14.
Jost L. 2006. Entropy and diversity. Oikos 113: 363–375.
Kole P, Gaston KJ, Lennon JJ. 2003. Measuring beta diversity for presence-absence data. J Anim Ecol 72: 367–382.
Marcon E, Hérault B. 2015. Entropart: An R Package to Measure and Partition Diversity. J Stat Softw 67: 1–26.
Moreno CE, Barragán F, Pineda E, Pavón NP. 2011. Reanálisis de la diversidad alfa: Alternativas para interpretar y comparar información sobre comunidades ecológicas. Rev Mex Biodivers 82: 1249–1261.
Moreno-Calles AI, Casas A, Blancas J, Torres I, Masera O, Caballero J, García-Barrios LE, Pérez-Negrón E, Rangel-Landa S. 2010. Agroforestry systems and biodiversity conservation in arid zones: The case of the Tehuacán Valley, Central México. Agrofor Syst 80: 315-331.
Muhdin E, Suhendang, D, Wahjono H, Purnomo, Istomo, Simangunsong BCH. 2008. Keragaman struktur tegakan hutan alam sekunder. Jurnal Manjemen Hutan Tropika 16(2): 81-87. [Indonesia]
Rendón-Sandoval FJ, Casas A, Moreno-Calles AI, Torres-García I, García-Frapolli E. 2020. Traditional agroforestry systems and conservation of native plant diversity of seasonally dry tropical forests. Sustain 12(4600).
Sabarnurudin M.S, Budiadi, Suryanto P. 2011. Agroforestri untuk Indonesia: Strategi Kelestarian Hutan dan Kemakmuran. Cakrawala Media, Yogyakarta. [Indonesia].
SAS Institute. 2013. SAS System for Windows 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., North Carolina, USA.
Suryanto P, Putra ETS, Kurniawan S, Suwignyo B, Prianto SDA. 2013. Maize response at three levels of shade and its improvement with intensive agro forestry regimes in Gunung Kidul, Java, Indonesia. Proc Environ Sci 20: 370-376.
Suryanto P, Tohari, Sabarnurudin MS. 2005. Dinamika sistem berbagi sumberdaya (resouces sharing) dalam agroforestri: dasar pertimbangan penyusunan strategi silvikultur. Ilmu Pertanian 12(2): 165-178. [Indonesia].
Triwiyanto CN. 2013. Kapasitas Regenerasi Tegakan dan Sistem Agroforestri Tegalan di Dukuh Bulu, Desa Giripurwo, Kecamatan Girimulyo, Kulonprogo. Yogyakarta. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. [Indonesia]
Vallejo M, Moreno-Calles AI, Casas A. 2016. TEK and biodiversity management in agroforestry systems of diff erent sociocological contexts of the Tehuacán Valley. J. Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12(31).
Wangpakapattanawong P, Finlayson P, Öborn I, Roshetko JM, Sinclair F, Shono K, Borelli S, Hillbrand A, Conigliaro M. 2017. Agroforestry in rice-production landscapes in Southeast Asia: a practical manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand & World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Program, Bogor, Indonesia.
Wei T. 2013. Corrplot: Visualization of a correlation matrix. R Packag Version 073.
Whittaker RH. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecol Monogr 30: 279–338.
Xu H, Bi H, Gao L, Yun L. 2019. Alley cropping increases land use efficiency and economic profitability across the combination cultivation period. Agron 9(34).
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