Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis essential oils from Algeria
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Abstract. Mohamadi Y, Lograda T, Ramdani M, Figueredo G, Chalard P. 2021. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 933-946. The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and the antibacterial activities of Myrtus communis essential oils. The aerial parts of the myrtle were collected from nineteen localities of the Algerian coast, and subjected to hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against ten bacterial species. Essential oils of M. communis was pale yellow oils, very fragrant, with an average yield of 0.68 ± 0.6%. Forty-six compounds were identified, representing an average of 99.17 ± 0.6% of total oils. The ?-pinene was the most abundant component in the essential oils of all populations studied, with a mean of 50.1 ± 10.3%, followed by 1,8-cineole (22.27 ± 4.32%), limonene (5.16 ± 2.67%), linalool (3.79 ± 2.97%), ?-terpineol (2.75 ± 1.12%), geranyl acetate (1.95 ± 0.7%) and methyl eugenol (1.40 ± 0.98%). Myrtenyl acetate was only observed in four populations with significant levels (from 10.66 to 20.94%). Six chemotypes have been identified in these oils. The ?-pinene – 1,8-cineole - limonene chemotype was found in the majority of populations. The chemotype of ?-pinene - 1,8-cineole - ?-terphenyl acetate characterizes the Oued El-Aneb population. The ?-pinene - neryl formate - limonene chemotype is observed in the Honaïn population. The remaining populations are characterized by myrtenyl acetate. The essential oils of M. communis were effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella enterica ATCC35659, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; however, no significant effect was observed on Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 and Serratia liquefaciens.
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Amensour M, Sendra E, Abrini J, Pérez-Alvarez JA, Fernández-López J. 2010. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of myrtle extracts. CyTA - Journal of Food 8(2): 95-101. DOI: 10.1080/19476330903161335
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Anwar S, Crouch RA, Awadh Ali NA, Al-Fatimi MA, Setzer WN, Wessjohann L. 2017. Hierarchical cluster analysis and chemical characterisation of Myrtus communis L. essential oil from Yemen region and its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-colorectal adenocarcinoma properties. Natural Product Research 31(18): 2158-2163. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1277346
Asllani U. 2000. Chemical composition of albanian myrtle oil (Myrtus communis L.). J Essential oil Res 12(2): 140-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9699481
Barboni T, Venturini N, Paolini J, Desjobert JM, Chiaramonti N, Costa J. 2010. Characterisation of volatiles and polyphenols for quality assessment of alcoholic beverages prepared from Corsican Myrtus communis L. berries. Food Chem 122(4): 1304-1312. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.087
Barhouchi B, Saoudi A, Akila A. 2016. Essential oil chemical composition of myrtle growing in northeastern Algeria and estimation of its antibacterial effectiveness. American J of Biochem and Biotech 12(2): 110-121. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i2.22
Bekhechi C, Watheq Malti CE, Boussaïd M, Achouri I, Belilet K, Gibernau M, Casanova J, Tomi F. 2019. Composition and chemical variability of Myrtus communis leaf oil from northwestern Algeria. Natural Product Communications 5(10): 1662-1689. DOI: 10.1177/1934578X19850030
Belmimoun A, Meddah B, Meddah ATT, Sonnet P. 2016. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and phenolic extracts of Myrtus communis and Zygophylum album from Algeria. J Fundam Appl Sci 8(2): 510-524. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i2.22
Ben Ghnaya A, Chograni H, Messoud C, Boussaid M. 2013. Comparative chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Myrtus communis L. essential oils isolated from tunisian and algerian population. Plant Pathol Microbiol 4(7): 186. DOI:10.4172/2157-7471.1000186
Ben Hsouna A, Hamdib N, Miladid R and Abdelkafi S. 2014. Myrtus communis essential oil: chemical composition and antimicrobial activities against food spoilage pathogens. Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich. Chemistry & Biodiversity 11(4): 571-80. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300153
Benchikh F, Benabdallah H, Dahamna S, Khennouf S, Flamini G, Amira S. 2016. Antimotility and andidiarrhoel activity of Myrtus communis L. leaves essential oil in mice. Inter J of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Res 8(7): 1238-1244. http://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPPR/8/IJPPR,Vol8,Issue7,Article28.pdf
Berka-Zougali B, Ferhat MA, Hassani A, Chemat F, Allaf KS. 2012. Comparative study of essential oils extracted from Algerian Myrtus communis L. leaves using microwaves and hydrodistillation. Int J Mol Sci 13: 4673-4695. DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044673
Berka-Zougali B, Hassani A, Besombes C, Allaf K. 2010. Extraction of essential oils from Algerian myrtle leaves using instant controlled pressure drop technology. J Chromatogr 1217: 6134–6142. DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.080
Bettaieb A, Darej C, Moujahed N. 2016. Myrtle (Myrtus communis) essential oil effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a diet based on ray-grass and concentrate. Options Méditerranéennes, A, no. 115: 543-548. http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a115/00007329.pdf
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