Soil mesofauna amount and diversity by returning fresh and compost of crops biomass waste in ultisols in-situ
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Abstract. Barus J, Meithasari D, Lumbanraja J, Sudarsono H, Hidayat KF, Dermiyati. 2021. Soil mesofauna amount and diversity by returning fresh and compost of crops biomass waste in ultisols in-situ. Biodiversitas 21: 92-98. Newly added organic matter to the soil often has no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, the addition of organic matter greatly affects the abundance and diversity of living organisms in the soil, because the addition of organic matter is one of the sources of food. The aim of this research was to study the impact of returning crop biomass waste in fresh or compost forms on the abundance and diversity of soil mesofauna. Three types of crop biomass residues (i.e. maize stover, rice straw, and soybean stover) were used at doses of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 t ha-1. Mesofauna observations were carried out three times, namely at two weeks after biomass waste application (before planting rice), at eight weeks (there were rice plants in the soil), and at fourteen weeks (after rice harvest). The soil sample for mesofauna observation was dry extracted using a Berlese funnel set up, and to calculate and identified using a binocular microscope. The result showed that the number and diversity of mesofauna in the addition of compost was higher than that of fresh biomass waste. Increasing the dose of biomass waste has an effect on increasing the number and diversity of soil mesofauna. The presence of rice plants in the soil at the time of observation also affected the abundance of soil mesofauna.
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References
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Lavelle P, Spain AV. 2001. Soil Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publisher. Dordreccht Odum, EP. 1998. Dasar-dasar Ekologi (ketiga). GMU Press.
Nourbakhsh F. 2006. Fate of carbon and nitrogen from plant residue decomposition in a calcareous soil. Plant, Soil and Environment, 52(3): 137–140.
Parisi V, Menta C, Gardi C, Jacomini, C, Mozzanica E. (2005). Microarthropod communities as a tool to assess soil quality and biodiversity: A new approach in Italy. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 105(1–2), 323–333.
Pratiknyo H, Ahmad I, Budianto BH. 2018. Diversity and abundance of termites along altitudinal gradient and slopes in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19 (5) : 1649-1658. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190508
Purwanto E, Wawan, Wardati. 2017. Kelimpahan Mesofauna Tanah pada Tegakan Tanaman Karet (Havea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) di Tanah Gambut yang Ditumbuhi dan tidak Ditumbuhi Mucuna bracteata. Jom Faperta, 1(4):1-14
Powers JS, Montgomery RA, Adair EC, Brearley FQ, Dewalt SJ, Castanho C T,…Lerdau M T. 2009. Decomposition in tropical forests: A pan-tropical study of the effects of litter type, litter placement and mesofaunal exclusion across a precipitation gradient. Journal of Ecology, 97(4), 801–811. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01515.x
Rizali A, Pramudita, JP, Febriyanti E, Rama YF, Widjayanti T. 2019. Organic Matter in the Topsoil of Soybean Field Alters Arthropod Diversity and Their Covariation. Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science 41(3): 474-481. http://doi.org/10.17503/ agrivita.v41i3.2332
Silveira ML. 2011. Litter Decomposition and Soluble Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Release in a Forest Ecosystem. Open Journal of Soil Science, 01: 86–96. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2011.13012
Sugiyarto. 2000. The Effect of Crop Residue Application to Soil Fauna Community and Mungbean Growth (Vigna radata). Biodiversitas 1 (1) : 25-29
Tornquist CG, Mielniczuk J, Cerri CEP. 2009. Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics in Oxisols of Ibirubá (Brazil) with the Century Model. Soil and Tillage Research, 105(1) : 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.005
Wiwatwitaya D, Takeda H. 2005. Seasonal changes in soil arthropod abundance in the dry evergreen forest of north-east Thailand, with special reference to collembolan communities. Ecological Research. 20 (1). 59-70. 10.1007/s11284-004-0013-x.
Xin WD, Yin XQ, Song B. 2012. Contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in Songnen sandy lands in Northern China. Journal of Arid Environtments 77 : 90 - 95
Zhang D, Hui D, Luo Y, Zhou G. 2008. Rates of litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: Global patterns and controlling factors. Journal of Plant Ecology, 1(2) :85–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtn002
Barus J. 2016. Utilization of crops residues as compost and biochar for improving soil physical properties and upland rice productivity. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 3(4) : 631–637. https://doi.org/ 10.15243/jdmlm.2016.034.631
Barus J, Lumbanraja J, Sudarsono H, Dermiyati. 2019 a. A Litterbag Study: Decomposition Rate and C/N Ratio of Annual Crop Biomass Residues on An Ultisols in Natar Village, South Lampung, Indonesia. Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sc. 42 (1): 387 - 403
Barus J, Lumbanraja J, Sudarsono H, Dermiyati. 2019 b. Improvement of several indicators of physical and biological properties of soil after adding crops biomass residues and yield of upland rice
Bot A, Benites J. 2005. The importance of soil organic matter: Key to drought-resistant soil and sustained food production. FAO Soils Bulletin, pp. 1–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340214162
Culliney T. 2013. Role of Arthropods in Maintaining Soil Fertility. Agriculture (Basel).3, 629-659. 10.3390/agriculture 3040629. Dervash MA, Bhat RA, Mushtaq N, Singh DV. 2010. Dynamics and Importance of Soil Mesofauna. International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering, 7(4) : 2010-2019.
Damarmoyo KS, Handayani S, Utami SNH, Indarti S. 2018. Soil physical properties and abundance of soil fauna in conventional and organic rice field : IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 215 012009. doi :10.1088/1755-1315/ 215/1/012009
Eden M, Gerke HH, Houot S. 2017. Organic waste recycling in agriculture and related effects on soil water retention and plant available water: a review. a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 37 (11), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0419-9
Fitrahtunnisa, Ilhamdi ML. 2013. Perbandingan keaneragaman dan predominansi fauna tanah dalam proses pengomposan sampah organik. Jurnal Bumi Lestari, 13(2), Agustus 2013 :413-421
Gatiboni L C, Jefferson LMC, Denardin RBN, Wildner, LDP. 2011. Microbial Biomass and Soil Fauna During the Decomposition of Cover Crops in No-Tillage System. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Do Solo, 35(1) : 1151–1157.
George PBL, Keith AM, Creer S, Barrett GL, Lebron I, Emmett BA, Robinson DA, Jones, DL. 2017. Evaluation of mesofauna communities as soil quality indicators in a national-level monitoring programme. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 115 : 537-546. 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.022.
Gougoulias C, Clark JM, Shaw, LJ. 2014. The role of soil microbes in the global carbon cycle : Tracking the below-ground microbial processing of plant-derived carbon for manipulating carbon dynamics in agricultural systems: Role of soil microbes in global carbon cycle: carbon tracking and agro-cosystem management. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(12), 2362–2371. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jsfa.6577
Gruss I, Twardowski JP, Latawiec A et al. 2019. Risk assessment of low-temperature biochar used as soil amendment on soil mesofauna. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 18230–18239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05153-7
Haneda NF, Asti W. 2014. Keanekaragaman Fauna Tanah dan Perannya Terhadap Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) di Kebun Percobaan Cibodas – Ciampea Bogor Diversity of Soil Fauna and Its Role to Decomposition Rate of Hevea barsilliensis Litter at. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 05(1), 54–60.
Kara O, Bolat I, Cak?roglu K, Senturk M. 2014. Litter Decomposition and Microbial Biomass in Temperate Forests in Northwestern Turkey. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 14(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.4067/ S0718-95162014005000003
Köchy M, Wilson SD. (1997). Litter decomposition and nitrogen dynamics in aspen forest and mixed-grass prairie. Ecology, 78(3) : 732–739. https:// doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078
Lakshmi G, Josep A. 2016. Soil microarthropods as indicators of soil quality of tropical home gardens in a village in Kerala, India. Agroforestry Systems 90 (2), 439–590. 10.1007/s10457-016-9941-z.
Lavelle P, Spain AV. 2001. Soil Ecology. Kluwer Academic Publisher. Dordreccht Odum, EP. 1998. Dasar-dasar Ekologi (ketiga). GMU Press.
Nourbakhsh F. 2006. Fate of carbon and nitrogen from plant residue decomposition in a calcareous soil. Plant, Soil and Environment, 52(3): 137–140.
Parisi V, Menta C, Gardi C, Jacomini, C, Mozzanica E. (2005). Microarthropod communities as a tool to assess soil quality and biodiversity: A new approach in Italy. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 105(1–2), 323–333.
Pratiknyo H, Ahmad I, Budianto BH. 2018. Diversity and abundance of termites along altitudinal gradient and slopes in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19 (5) : 1649-1658. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190508
Purwanto E, Wawan, Wardati. 2017. Kelimpahan Mesofauna Tanah pada Tegakan Tanaman Karet (Havea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) di Tanah Gambut yang Ditumbuhi dan tidak Ditumbuhi Mucuna bracteata. Jom Faperta, 1(4):1-14
Powers JS, Montgomery RA, Adair EC, Brearley FQ, Dewalt SJ, Castanho C T,…Lerdau M T. 2009. Decomposition in tropical forests: A pan-tropical study of the effects of litter type, litter placement and mesofaunal exclusion across a precipitation gradient. Journal of Ecology, 97(4), 801–811. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01515.x
Rizali A, Pramudita, JP, Febriyanti E, Rama YF, Widjayanti T. 2019. Organic Matter in the Topsoil of Soybean Field Alters Arthropod Diversity and Their Covariation. Agrivita Journal of Agricultural Science 41(3): 474-481. http://doi.org/10.17503/ agrivita.v41i3.2332
Silveira ML. 2011. Litter Decomposition and Soluble Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Release in a Forest Ecosystem. Open Journal of Soil Science, 01: 86–96. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2011.13012
Sugiyarto. 2000. The Effect of Crop Residue Application to Soil Fauna Community and Mungbean Growth (Vigna radata). Biodiversitas 1 (1) : 25-29
Tornquist CG, Mielniczuk J, Cerri CEP. 2009. Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics in Oxisols of Ibirubá (Brazil) with the Century Model. Soil and Tillage Research, 105(1) : 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.005
Wiwatwitaya D, Takeda H. 2005. Seasonal changes in soil arthropod abundance in the dry evergreen forest of north-east Thailand, with special reference to collembolan communities. Ecological Research. 20 (1). 59-70. 10.1007/s11284-004-0013-x.
Xin WD, Yin XQ, Song B. 2012. Contribution of soil fauna to litter decomposition in Songnen sandy lands in Northern China. Journal of Arid Environtments 77 : 90 - 95
Zhang D, Hui D, Luo Y, Zhou G. 2008. Rates of litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: Global patterns and controlling factors. Journal of Plant Ecology, 1(2) :85–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtn002
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