Diversity, abundance, activity period, and factors affecting the appearance of wildlife around the corridors between Khao Yai- Thap Lan National Parks, Thailand by camera trapping
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Abstract. Sukmasuang R, Charaspet K, Panganta T, Pla-ard M, Khioesree N, Thongbanthum J. 2020. Diversity, abundance, activity period, and factors affecting the appearance of wildlife around the corridors between Khao Yai-Thap Lan National Parks, Thailand by camera trapping. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx. The study on diversity, abundance, activity period, and factors affecting the appearance of wildlife around the wildlife corridors was investigated using camera trap method from September 2017 to November 2018. The corridors located at the royal highway in Ban Bu Phram Subdistrict, Na Di District, Prachinburi Province, Thailand. Based on 21 camera locations, 3,172 trap nights and 6,707 captured pictures totally resulted that a total of 37 species represented by 14 orders and 26 families consisting of 13 species of herbivores, 10 species of carnivores, 10 species of aves and 4 species of reptiles were photographically recorded in the area. Among the wildlife species, 4 species were listed as endangered according to IUCN Red List including Malayan pangolin, large-spotted civet, dhole, Asian forest tortoise, 5 species were listed as vulnerable, there were Sumatran serow, gaur, sambar deer, northern pig-tailed macaque, Asian black bear, and 21 species were listed as least concerned, such as lesser oriental chevrotain, Himalayan porcupine, Asian palm civet, large Indian civet, small Indian civet, hog badger, small Asian mongoose, golden jackal, red jungle fowl, Siamese fireback, coral-billed ground cuckoo and so on. Based on photographic rate of each species, the herbivorous wildlife species represented the relative abundance index of 15.04. The carnivorous wildlife species which had the relative abundance index of 4.70, while the RAI of the aves and reptiles were 1.91 and 0.12. The activity period found that the majority were found at night. This study showed that wildlife corridors have a high influence on the appearance of wildlife, demonstrating the potential of the corridors be used by wildlife for travelling. However, the wildlife corridors should be designed to be suitable for the particular types of animals, especially by increasing the construction of underpasses for mammal at locations with the highest and the number of crossings and also must reduce noise from vehicles, especially at night.
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References
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Díaz JA, Carbonell R, Santos EVT, and José L. Tellería JL. 2000. Effects of forest fragmentation on the distribution of the lizard Psammodromus algirus. Animal Conservation. 3. 235 - 240.
Dodd CK, Barichivich WJ, Smith L.L. 2004. Effectiveness of a barrier wall and culverts in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida. Biological Conservation 118: 619-631.
Fahrig L, Rytwinski T. 2009. Effects of roads on animal abundance: an empirical review and synthesis. Ecology and Society 14:21.
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Gupta S, Mondal K, Sankar K, Qureshi Q. 2009. Estimation of striped hyena Hyaena hyaena population using camera traps in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 106(3): 284-288.
Harris LD, Scheck J. 1991. From implications to applications: the dispersal corridor principle applied to the conservation of biological diversity. In: Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ. (eds) Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors. Chipping Norton, Australia.
Hermes C, Döpper A, Schaefer MH, Segelbacher G. 2016. Effects of forest fragmentation on the morphological and genetic structure of a dispersal-limited, endangered bird species. Nature Conservation 16: 39–58.
Hilty JA, Lidicker Jr WZ, Merenlender AM. 2006. Corridor Ecology, The Science and Practice of Linking Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation. Island Press,Washington, D.C.
Jenks KE, Chanteap P, Damrongchainarong K, Cutter P, Cutter P, Redford T, Lynam AJ, Howard J, Leimgruber P. 2011. Using relative abundance indices from camera-trapping to test wildlife conservation hypotheses-an example from Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Tropical Conservation Science 4(2): 113-131.
Jenks KE, Songsasen N, Leimgruber P, 2012. Camera trap records of dholes in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary. Canid Specialist Group 1-5.
Kovach Computing Services. 2019. Oriana Program. https://www.kovcomp.co.uk/index.html
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Lekagul B, Round PD. 1991. A Guide of the Birds of Thailand. Saha Karn Bhaet Co., Ltd. Thailand.
Lynam AJ, Round PD, Brockelman WY. 2006. Status of birds and large mammals in Thailand's Dong Phayayen - Khao Yai Forest Complex: Biodiversity Research and Training Program and Wildlife Conservation Society, Bangkok. 245pp.
Lynam AJ, Jenks KE, Tantipisanuh N, Chutipong W, Ngoprasert D, Gale GA, Steinmetz R, Sukmasuang R, Bhumpakphan N, Grassman LI (2013) Terrestrial activity patterns of wild cats from camera-trapping. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (1): 407-415.
Lynam A, Kanwatanakid CO, Suckaseam C. 2003. Ecological Monitoring of Wildlife at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Wildlife Conservation Society p. 64.
Noss R F, Cooperrider AY. 1994. Saving Nature’s Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
O’Brien TG, Kinnaird MF, Wibisono HT. 2003. Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation 6(2):131-139.
Pardini R. 2004. Effects of forest fragmentation on small mammals in an Atlantic Forest landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 2567–2586,
Patrick AJ, Forrester TD, McShea WI. 2014. Protocol for Camera-Trap Surveys of Mammals at CTFS-ForestGEO Sites. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.
Phillips SJ, Dudik M. 2008. Modeling of Species Distributions with MaxEnt New Extensions and a Comprehensive Evaluation. Ecography 31: 161-175.
Primack RB. 1993. Essentials of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland. Mass., U.S.A. Sinauer Associates.
Thai Meteorological Department. 2019. Annual Weather Summary over Thailand in 2018. http://www.tmd.go.th/programs/uploads/ yearlySummary/Annual2018.pdf.
Team Network. 2008. Terrestrial vertebrate Protocol Implementation Manual. v. 3.0. Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring Network, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington DC.
Sala OE, Chapin III FS, Armesto JJ, Berlow R, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Huber-Sanwald E, Huenneke LF, Jackson RB, Kinzig A, Leemans R, Lodge D, Mooney HA, Oesterheld M, Poff NL, Sykes MT, Walker BH, Walker M, Wall DH. 2000. Biodiversity: global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science. 287. 1770-1774.
Sawongfu M, Prayoon A, Aimampai K, Piyasomboon P, Tanhikorn S, Sribuarod K, Rojanadilok P, Pratumratanatarn S, Duangchantarasiri S, Hirunkairath K, Kanchanasaka B. 2011. Biodiversity, Abundance and Habitat Suitability of Wildlife in Corridor area between Khao Yai National Park and Thap Lan National Park Wildlife Research Group, Wildlife Conservation Bureau, Department of Wildlife National Parks and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand. [Thai]
Silva M, Hartling LA, Field SA, Teather K. 2003. The effects of habitat fragmentation on amphibian species richness of Prince Edward Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 81. 563-573.
Siripattaranukul K, Bhumpakphan N, Sukmasuang R. 2015a. Diversity and abundance of carnivorous mammals in Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary, Kanchanaburi Province. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand, 22(1): 127-140. [Thai]
Siripattaranukul K, Paglia S, Sukmasuang R, Horradee S. 2015b. The study of diversity and abundance of wild animal in Chalerm Rattanakosin National Park by camera trapping. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand, 22 (1): 91-100. [Thai]
Srivastava R. and R. Tyagi. 2016. Wildlife corridors in India: Viable legal tools for species conservation? Environmental Law Review 18(3): 205–223.
Wilcox BA, Murphy DD. 1985. Conservation strategy: the effects of fragmentation on extinction. American Naturalist 125(6): 879-887
Wilcove, DS, McClellan CH, Dobson AP. 1986. Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. pp. 237-256 in M.E. Soule, ed. Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Wongchoo K, Chimchome V, Simcharoen S, Duangchantrasiri S. 2013. Abundance and distribution of some viverrid species in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary. Thai Journal of Forestry 32: 1-9. [Thai]
Van Schaik CP, Griffiths M. 1996. Activity periods of Indonesian rain forest mammals. Biotropica 28: 105–112.
UNESCO. 2019. Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/590
Zaragozí B, Belda A, Giménez P, Navarro JT, Bonet A. 2015. Advances in integration with GIS. Ecological Informatics
30: 6–11.
Ashley EP and Robinson JT. 1996. Road Mortality of Amphibians, Reptiles and other Wildlife on the Long Point Causeway, Lake Erie, Ontario. The Canadian Field Naturalist 110: 403-412.
Azlan MJ. 2009. The use of camera traps in Malaysian rainforests. Journal of Tropical Biology Conservation 5: 81–86.
Azlan MJ, Sharma DSK. 2006. The diversity and activity patterns of wild felids in a secondary forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Oryx 40(1): 36-41.
Beckmann JP, Hilty JA. 2010. Connecting wildlife populations in fractured landscapes. In: Beckman JP, Clevenger AP, Huijser MP, Hilty JA. (eds) Safe passages. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Bentrup G. 2008. Conservation Buffers: Design Guidelines for Buffers, Corridors, and Greenways. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-109. Asheville, NC: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.
Benítez-Malvido J, Arroyo-Rodríguez V. 2008. Habitat fragmentation, edge effects and biological corridors in tropical ecosystems. In: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). In: Del Claro K, Oliveira PS, Rico-Gray V, Ramirez A, Almeida AA, Bonet A, Scarano FR, Consoli FL, Morales FJ, Naoki J, Costello JA, Sampaio MV, Quesada M, Morris MR,Palacios M, Ramirez N, Marcal O, Ferraz RH, Marquis RJ, Parentoni R, Rodriguez SC, Luttge U (eds). International Commision on Tropical Biology and Natural Resources. UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK.
Bogaert J. 2000. Quantifying Habitat Fragmentation as a Spatial Process in a Patch corridor-matrix Landscape Model. PhD dissertation, University of Antwerp, Antwerp.
Catterall CP, Green RJ, Jones DN. 1991. Habitat use by birds across a forest-suburb interface in Brisbane: implications for corridors. In: Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ, (eds). Nature Conservation: The Role of Corridors. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton.
Clevenger A, Waltho N. 2000. Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Wildlife
Underpasses in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. Conservation Biology 14(1): 47–56
Clevenger A, Waltho N. 2005. Performance indices to identify attributes of highway crossing structures facilitating movement of large mammals. Biological Conservation. 121. 453-464.
Chan-ard T, Parr JWK, Nabhitabhata J. 2015. A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, New York.
Chutipong W, Lynam AJ, Steinmetz R, Savini T, Gale GA. 2014. Sampling mammalian carnivores in western Thailand: Issues of rarity and detectability. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 62: 521-535.
Coffin AW. 2007. From roadkill to road ecology: A review of the ecological effects of roads. Journal of Transport Geography 15: 396–406.
Díaz JA, Carbonell R, Santos EVT, and José L. Tellería JL. 2000. Effects of forest fragmentation on the distribution of the lizard Psammodromus algirus. Animal Conservation. 3. 235 - 240.
Dodd CK, Barichivich WJ, Smith L.L. 2004. Effectiveness of a barrier wall and culverts in reducing wildlife mortality on a heavily traveled highway in Florida. Biological Conservation 118: 619-631.
Fahrig L, Rytwinski T. 2009. Effects of roads on animal abundance: an empirical review and synthesis. Ecology and Society 14:21.
Forman RTT. 2000. Estimate of the area affected ecologically by the road system in the United States. Conservation Biology 14:31?35.
Forman RTT, Hersperger AM. 1996. Road ecology and road density in different landscapes, with international planning and mitigation solutions. In: Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation, Tallahassee, Florida.
Forman, RTT. 1995. Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Forman RTT, Alexander LE. 1998. Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 207-231
Forman R, Sperling D, Bissonette J, Clevenger A. 2003. Road Ecology: Science and Solutions. Bibliovault OAI Repository, the University of Chicago Press.
Frankham R, Briscoe DA, Ballou JD. 2002. Introduction to Conservation Genetics. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, USA.
Ghazali AN, Meisery AAHA, Adam L, Hasnan MHS, Yazi MF, Patah PA, Rozi MSFM, Rasid AFA, Tan CC. 2019. Wildlife monitoring at Labis Timur Ecological Corridor (CFS2:PL1) in Johor, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 34: In press.
Gupta S, Mondal K, Sankar K, Qureshi Q. 2009. Estimation of striped hyena Hyaena hyaena population using camera traps in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 106(3): 284-288.
Harris LD, Scheck J. 1991. From implications to applications: the dispersal corridor principle applied to the conservation of biological diversity. In: Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ. (eds) Nature Conservation 2: The Role of Corridors. Chipping Norton, Australia.
Hermes C, Döpper A, Schaefer MH, Segelbacher G. 2016. Effects of forest fragmentation on the morphological and genetic structure of a dispersal-limited, endangered bird species. Nature Conservation 16: 39–58.
Hilty JA, Lidicker Jr WZ, Merenlender AM. 2006. Corridor Ecology, The Science and Practice of Linking Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation. Island Press,Washington, D.C.
Jenks KE, Chanteap P, Damrongchainarong K, Cutter P, Cutter P, Redford T, Lynam AJ, Howard J, Leimgruber P. 2011. Using relative abundance indices from camera-trapping to test wildlife conservation hypotheses-an example from Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Tropical Conservation Science 4(2): 113-131.
Jenks KE, Songsasen N, Leimgruber P, 2012. Camera trap records of dholes in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary. Canid Specialist Group 1-5.
Kovach Computing Services. 2019. Oriana Program. https://www.kovcomp.co.uk/index.html
Lekagul B, McNeely JA. 1988. Mammals of Thailand. Damsutha Press, Bangkok, Thailand.
Lekagul B, Round PD. 1991. A Guide of the Birds of Thailand. Saha Karn Bhaet Co., Ltd. Thailand.
Lynam AJ, Round PD, Brockelman WY. 2006. Status of birds and large mammals in Thailand's Dong Phayayen - Khao Yai Forest Complex: Biodiversity Research and Training Program and Wildlife Conservation Society, Bangkok. 245pp.
Lynam AJ, Jenks KE, Tantipisanuh N, Chutipong W, Ngoprasert D, Gale GA, Steinmetz R, Sukmasuang R, Bhumpakphan N, Grassman LI (2013) Terrestrial activity patterns of wild cats from camera-trapping. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (1): 407-415.
Lynam A, Kanwatanakid CO, Suckaseam C. 2003. Ecological Monitoring of Wildlife at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Wildlife Conservation Society p. 64.
Noss R F, Cooperrider AY. 1994. Saving Nature’s Legacy: Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
O’Brien TG, Kinnaird MF, Wibisono HT. 2003. Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation 6(2):131-139.
Pardini R. 2004. Effects of forest fragmentation on small mammals in an Atlantic Forest landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 2567–2586,
Patrick AJ, Forrester TD, McShea WI. 2014. Protocol for Camera-Trap Surveys of Mammals at CTFS-ForestGEO Sites. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.
Phillips SJ, Dudik M. 2008. Modeling of Species Distributions with MaxEnt New Extensions and a Comprehensive Evaluation. Ecography 31: 161-175.
Primack RB. 1993. Essentials of Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland. Mass., U.S.A. Sinauer Associates.
Thai Meteorological Department. 2019. Annual Weather Summary over Thailand in 2018. http://www.tmd.go.th/programs/uploads/ yearlySummary/Annual2018.pdf.
Team Network. 2008. Terrestrial vertebrate Protocol Implementation Manual. v. 3.0. Tropical Ecology, Assessment and Monitoring Network, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, Washington DC.
Sala OE, Chapin III FS, Armesto JJ, Berlow R, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Huber-Sanwald E, Huenneke LF, Jackson RB, Kinzig A, Leemans R, Lodge D, Mooney HA, Oesterheld M, Poff NL, Sykes MT, Walker BH, Walker M, Wall DH. 2000. Biodiversity: global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science. 287. 1770-1774.
Sawongfu M, Prayoon A, Aimampai K, Piyasomboon P, Tanhikorn S, Sribuarod K, Rojanadilok P, Pratumratanatarn S, Duangchantarasiri S, Hirunkairath K, Kanchanasaka B. 2011. Biodiversity, Abundance and Habitat Suitability of Wildlife in Corridor area between Khao Yai National Park and Thap Lan National Park Wildlife Research Group, Wildlife Conservation Bureau, Department of Wildlife National Parks and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand. [Thai]
Silva M, Hartling LA, Field SA, Teather K. 2003. The effects of habitat fragmentation on amphibian species richness of Prince Edward Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 81. 563-573.
Siripattaranukul K, Bhumpakphan N, Sukmasuang R. 2015a. Diversity and abundance of carnivorous mammals in Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary, Kanchanaburi Province. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand, 22(1): 127-140. [Thai]
Siripattaranukul K, Paglia S, Sukmasuang R, Horradee S. 2015b. The study of diversity and abundance of wild animal in Chalerm Rattanakosin National Park by camera trapping. Journal of Wildlife in Thailand, 22 (1): 91-100. [Thai]
Srivastava R. and R. Tyagi. 2016. Wildlife corridors in India: Viable legal tools for species conservation? Environmental Law Review 18(3): 205–223.
Wilcox BA, Murphy DD. 1985. Conservation strategy: the effects of fragmentation on extinction. American Naturalist 125(6): 879-887
Wilcove, DS, McClellan CH, Dobson AP. 1986. Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. pp. 237-256 in M.E. Soule, ed. Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Wongchoo K, Chimchome V, Simcharoen S, Duangchantrasiri S. 2013. Abundance and distribution of some viverrid species in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary. Thai Journal of Forestry 32: 1-9. [Thai]
Van Schaik CP, Griffiths M. 1996. Activity periods of Indonesian rain forest mammals. Biotropica 28: 105–112.
UNESCO. 2019. Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/590
Zaragozí B, Belda A, Giménez P, Navarro JT, Bonet A. 2015. Advances in integration with GIS. Ecological Informatics
30: 6–11.
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