High macronutrient dietary composition modifies biophysical and biochemical indices in male Wistar rats
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Abstract. Amballi AA, Olooto WE, Aladesusi MO, Ogunfolu IA, Onayemi AA. 2025. High macronutrient dietary composition modifies biophysical and biochemical indices in male Wistar rats. Asian J Trop Biotechnol 22: 41-47. Nutrition is one of the most important factors to achieve and maintain a healthy status. This requires a balanced diet in terms of both the macronutrients and micronutrients. In Nigeria, there is a gradual transition from the traditional diet to Western diet. This is increasing the burden of non-communicable diseases and macronutrients play a major role. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of macronutrient composition on biophysical and biochemical indices using Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)) as a pilot study. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing 26-46 g were randomly divided into 5 groups. Dietary composition was done, the rats were given feed and water ad libitum, weighing was done weekly for 8 weeks, and fasting blood samples were collected. Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, liver and kidney function tests were conducted. In this study, the macronutrient caused increased body weight across all the groups with highest increase in the High Fat Diet (HFD) group, a tendency to cause increased body weight or obesity. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) was observed to increase significantly only in the HFD group, a tendency to cause Diabetes mellitus. A non-significant increase across the test groups was observed in the liver enzymes and total protein while a significant increase in albumin level was observed. However, no change was observed in the bilirubin levels across the test groups. A significant increase occurred in urea and creatinine in the HFD rats. Lipid profile in this study showed significant increase in triglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein among HFD-fed rats. The atherogenic and coronary risk indices were also significantly increased in HFD fed rats. No significant difference in the electrolytes. This study showed that HFD can predispose to risk factors of non-communicable diseases. Liver and kidney functions are not significantly disrupted.
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